长乐-东山构造-岩浆带中北段地质特征

从复杂的构造变形中甄别出岩浆岩的塑性流动变形,与韧性和脆-韧性变形区别,力争还原长乐—泉州沿海一带地质构造的真实面目,并探讨了该带的活动时间和构造属性。另外还对该带长期争论的澳角群进行了初步的分解,锆石SHRIMP测年数据也反映了平潭南务里一带变质岩的复杂性。     

上扬子区寒武系娄山关群白云岩层序地层格架及其古地理背景

上扬子区特别是贵州及其邻区的寒武系娄山关群发育一套化石贫乏的浅水台地相白云岩,横跨中、上寒武统,厚度上千米,自北西向南东随着沉积环境水体的加深逐渐相变为开阔海台地相灰岩、陆棚相泥页岩等。由于化石贫乏难以进行详尽的年代地层划分,但是发育石盐假晶泥晶白云岩所反映的沉积环境水体变浅以及发育颗粒白云岩所反映的水体加深,表明可以应用从岩相序列到沉积相序列的方法对该套白云岩进行层序地层划分,成为在“海平面变化的框架内探讨沉积相迁移”的典型代表。巨厚的贫乏化石的娄山关群白云岩与下伏厚度较小、产三叶虫化石的陡坡寺组白云质细粒混合岩系形成了鲜明的对照,它们组成了1个二级层序,并可以划分为7个三级层序。陡坡寺组细粒混合岩系代表了二级海侵作用所造成的水体加深,而娄山关群白云岩自北西向南东进积尖灭则代表了二级海退过程所造成的水体变浅。该二级层序本身即是1个总体向上变浅的沉积相序列,其相序组构与三级层序相似,三级层序的相序组构与那些由岩相序列所组成的若干环潮坪型米级旋回也具有相似性。因此研究区娄山关群白云岩构成了1个复杂而有规律的、独特的层序地层格架,并由此反映了沉积物的时间演变序列和沉积相的空间展布特征具有一定的规律性,代表了其古地理演变过程既受制于海侵加深和海退变浅的时间过程,同时又受控于沉积环境水体自北西向南东由浅变深的空间变化过程。娄山关群白云岩的层序地层研究表明：层序地层学研究的核心是沉积物的时间演变序列以及沉积相的空间展布形式所代表的规律性,并根据这种规律性进行地层划分和对比。     

Matt Wilson structure: record of an impact event of possible Early Mesoproterozoic age,Northern Territory

The Matt Wilson structure is a circular 5.5 km-diameter structure in Early Mesoproterozoic or Neoproterozoic rocks of the Victoria Basin, Northern Territory. It lies in regionally horizontal to gently dipping Wondoan Hill and Stubb Formations (Tijunna Group) and Jasper Gorge Sandstone (Auvergne Group). An outer circumferential syncline with dips of 5?–?40° in the limbs surrounds an intermediate zone with faulted sandstone displaying horizontal to low dips, and a central steeply dipping zone about 1.5 km across. Several thrust faults in the outer syncline appear to indicate outward-directed forces. The central zone, marked by steeply dipping to overturned Tijunna Group and possibly Bullita Group sandstone and mudstone, indicates uplift of at least 300 m. The rocks are intensely fractured with some brecciation, and contain numerous planar to subtly undulating surfaces displaying striae which resemble shatter cleavage. Thin-sections of sandstone from the central area show zones of intense microbrecciation and irregular and planar fractures in quartz, but no melt-rocks have been identified. The planar fractures occur in multiple intersecting parallel sets typical of relatively low-level (5?–?10 GPa) shock-pressure effects. Alternative mechanisms, i.e. igneous intrusion, carbonate collapse, diapirism and regional deformation processes, have been discounted. The circular nature, central uplift, faulting, shatter features and planar fractures are all consistent with an impact origin. The Matt Wilson structure is most likely a deeply eroded impact structure in which the more highly shocked rocks of the original crater floor have been removed by erosion. Estimates of the age of the Auvergne and Tijunna Groups range from Early Mesoproterozoic (which we favour) to Late Neoproterozoic. Early Cambrian Antrim Plateau Volcanics near the impact structure show no signs of impact effects, allowing the age of impact to be constrained between Early Mesoproterozoic and Early Cambrian. The presence of widespread soft-sediment deformation features, apparently confined to a single horizon in the Saddle Creek Formation some 700?–?1000 m stratigraphically higher in the Auvergne Group than the rocks at the impact site, and apparently increasing in thickness towards the Matt Wilson structure, lead us to speculate that this probable event horizon is related to the impact event: if correct the impact occurred during deposition of the Saddle Creek Formation.     

不纯碳酸盐岩的变质作用

不纯碳酸盐岩中的矿物共生组合与变质时的总压和二氧化碳分压密切相关。总压增高促使透闪石、透辉石和橄榄石等矿物生成温度增高。变质过程中岩石中流体成分的变化有两种极端情况,即渗滤作用和缓冲作用。渗滤作用下变质反应,变质矿物界线和变质矿物特征等均与缓冲作用下有所差异,以此可以区别它们。湖北宿松群和河北红旗营子群不纯大理岩是在渗滤作用下变质的。山西五台群板峪口组不纯大理岩是在缓冲加渗滤作用下变质的。     

A simple criterion for the machinability of hard rocks

Conclusions The application of mechanical methods for rapid excavation requires more detailed and precise knowledge of the site, but there is no single parameter which can provide a comprehensive measure for the selection and performance of a tunnel boring machine.The machinability index proposed in this paper is based on four different parameters which influence the performance of a tunnelling machine and are widely accepted by the engineers and geologists. In order to develop a comprehensive measure regarding the borability of rocks,in situ conditions must be evaluated. The machinability index coupled with thein situ information would facilitate judicious decisions regarding the application and selection of tunnel boring machines.The geological conditions and rock characteristics cannot be controlled but their knowledge can prevent costly mistakes in equipment selection and assist in identifying alternative excavation systems, therefore a thorough site investigation can substantially reduce the economic and technical risks associated with tunnelling and mine development.     

利用位场及其高阶导数的功率谱计算岩层的深度与厚度

本文导出了利用重力与磁异常及其高阶导数的功率谱计算密度体和磁性体上顶与下底埋深的近似公式,还提供了利用垂向或水平导数谱计算深度的方法。理论模型的试验结果表明,由近似公式计算的精度可以满足实际需要。本文最后根据一条重力剖面资料,计算了密度层上、下界面。     

Influence of “stress reversal” on rock resistivity during loading procedure

The properties of rock resitivity were studied under pressure, particularly with “stress reversal”, a procedure in which the pressure applied was increased and decreased. It was observed that, 1) With pressure increasing, the main feature of resistivity change was increase-steady-decrease for high-saturation rock samples (saturation 70–100%). But the main feature for low-saturation samples was different. 2) In 10 out of 11 cases of “stress reversal” for high-saturation samples the resistivity droped (about 2%). Such drop could explain the anomalies in geoelectricity terms, which are commonly observed before earthquakes in China. 3) It was also observed shortly before rock failure that, a) the resistivity drops more dramatically (about 20%) during “stress reversal” period, which is much more than ordinary drops. b) these drops occurred not only during stress decrease but also during stress increase. c) Resistivity exhibits anisotropy: the resistivity along different directions may differ by 10%. These three features may indicate that the rock is nearing failure, while ordinary resistivity drops are only connected with “stress reversal” and may not mean the imminence of rock failure. 4) Resistivity increase was observed during the “stress reversal” period for low-saturation rock samples. The results mentioned above were explained with the effect of water flowing in and out of the cracks of rock. The temporary factors which yield a reduction of the maximum main stress, may enhence the possibility of earthquake occurrence.     

大别山北麓佛子岭群的特征及其形成的大地构造环境

佛子岭群主要由一套绿片岩相的变质岩组成,分布在安徽境内的大别山北麓。其上部为一套变质的复理石建造,下部为变质的火山-沉积岩建造。佛子岭群的变质火山岩的岩石化学特征及佛子岭群的岩石组合特征表明,佛子岭群是发育在一断陷盆地中,该断陷盆地可能在晚元古代早期开始拉张,在晚元古代末期闭合。在此期间,郯-庐断裂带在华北断块和大别山古老断块之间的拉张与闭合过程中可能起着类似于转换断层的作用。     

陕甘川交界区碧口群的绿帘石及其岩石学意义

绿帘石广泛分布于碧口群的各类变质岩石中,但以变质基性岩(绿片岩和蓝片岩)为主。绿片岩中绿帘石X_(?s)=0.23—0.37,但多为0.30—0.32,在不同样品中绿帘石成分变化很大,但同一样品中绿帘石变化不明显,说明其成分与全岩成分有关。蓝片岩中绿帘石X_(?s)=0.22—0.36,其成分在同一样品中也有很大变化,一般细粒者ps分子少,而粗粒者ps分子多,且常发育环带结构,向中心ps分子减少,说明蓝片岩可能经历了一个以降压为特征的变质过程。此外,该群也偶见绿纤石,但它们均被绿帘石包裹,不能构成独立变质相。