Effects of Mg2+, NaCl, citric acid, and other factors on synthesis and accumulation of β-carotene inDunaliella salina

The effect of Mg²⁺, NaCl and citric acid on the accumulation of β-carotene inDunaliella Salina was studied. The experimental results showed that 10.5 mmol/L Mg²⁺, 5 mol/L NaCl, 3 μmol/L citric acid, and CO₂ are favorable forDunaliella Salina cell growth and β-carotene accumulation. After 144 h culture under the above conditions, theDunaliella Salina biomass increased by 7.18 times; β-carotene reached 9.61%. Project 89023990 supported by the Shandong Natural Science Fund.     

盐度、光强和温度对盐生杜氏藻生长的影响及其交互作用

为明确各环境因子对盐生杜氏藻生长的影响是否存在交互作用及其影响的程度,采用3因素2水平正交试验方法,以7天批次培养获得的比生长速率为评价指标,研究了盐度（A）、光照强度（B）、温度（C）及两因素交互作用A×B、A×C、B×C对细胞增殖速率的影响,并测定了各条件下光合放氧速率、呼吸耗氧速率、叶绿素荧光及色素含量等以阐释作用机制。结果表明：温度是影响藻细胞增殖的最显著因素,其次是盐度与光照,交互作用B×C、A×C对绿色盐藻细胞生长有一定作用,但影响程度不如单一因子。确定利于盐藻细胞增殖的最优条件为：温度30℃、盐度110、光照强度120 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,而利于类胡萝卜素积累的条件则需将盐度提升至160。温度、光照通过影响光合放氧速率,而盐度通过影响呼吸耗氧速率调控藻细胞生长。     

盐藻叶绿素荧光非光化学猝灭产生的条件和主要组分的检测

实验用盐藻取自天津溏沽轻工业部制盐研究所,应用叶绿素我技术检测盐藻悬浮液在暗适或稳态光合作用下的荧光产量（光化学荧光猝灭ｑＰ和非光化学荧光猝灭ｑＮ的进程）和在稳态后黑暗期间荧光产量的恢复（ｑＮ的暗豫动力学）。通过改变透导光强、脉冲频率和脉冲强度,寻找适当的条件以区分光诱导期间的ｑＰ、ｑＮ和随后黑暗期间ｑＮ的快（ｑ＾ｆ）、中（ｑ＾ｍ）、幔（ｑ＾ｓ）三个组分。结果表明,ｑＮ的快相（ｑ＾ｆ）仅在相对高的     

盐藻的一种盐诱导碳酸酐酶基因转录起始点的确定及表达载体的构建

采用5′RACE和巢式PCR的方法确定盐藻(Dunaliella salina)一种盐诱导碳酸酐酶基因的转录起始位点,通过序列分析得出转录起始位点为A,从而确定核心启动子及上游调控区的位置。应用巢式PCR技术分别扩增盐藻这种碳酸酐酶基因上游调控区的2个片段,长度大约分别为0．8和1．2kb,序列经测定无误后分别与带β-葡糖苷酸酶(GUS)报告基因的载体相连接,经酶切鉴定这两种表达载体构建正确。用基因枪法将这两个载体导入盐藻细胞中,经染色检测,GUS基因在转化藻株中得到瞬时表达。     

Effects of salinity,temperature, and light intensity on the growth rates of two halophilic phytoflagellates in mixed culture

Growth rates of two halophilic phytoflagellates, Dunaliella euchlora Lerche and D. salina Teodoresco, were studied in mixed batch cultures grown in filtered, axenic brines from Lake Grassmere, New Zealand. Forty‐five combinations of temperature, salinity, and light intensity were used. A maximum growth rate of 1.50 doublings day^‐1 was attained by D. salina at 26°C, 190 × 10^‐3S at a light intensity of 126 μE m^‐2 s^‐1. D. euchlora showed maximum growth rate of 1.16 doublings day^‐1 at 20°C, 120 × 10^‐3S at a light intensity of 180 μE m^‐2s^‐1. Predicted maximum values of 1.41 and 1.14 doublings day^‐1 respectively were obtained from regression models based on 45 replicate treatment combinations. In decreasing order of importance, temperature, salinity, and light intensity influence growth rates of brine algae. The optimum temperature for growth of both species increased as the salt concentration increased but decreased with increasing light intensity.     

绿色杜氏藻被膜泡囊的超微结构研究

于１９９０年５月－１９９１年５月,运用透射电镜观察绿色杜氏藻,对该氏藻被膜泡囊的形态结构及其在细胞内的分布和形成过程进行研究。观察表明,绿色杜氏藻细胞的高尔基体和细胞膜有许多大小不等的被膜泡囊;这些被膜泡囊由泡囊及其表面的网状结构构成,其直径在４５－１２０ｎｍ之间;在细胞膜附近的被膜泡囊直径较大;在高尔基体和细胞膜上还观察到被膜泡囊的形成过程。     

光照、温度和营养盐对三株盐生杜氏藻生长和色素积累的影响

通过正交试验研究了光照、温度和营养盐对3株盐生杜氏藻株系(BJ,OUC38和OUC8)生长和色素积累的影响,旨在探明适于盐生杜氏藻生长和β-胡萝卜素积累的光照、温度和营养盐条件,并对实验中3株株系生长和β-胡萝卜素积累速率进行了初步的比较。结果表明,盐生杜氏藻生长的最适光照和温度分别是145.3μmol.m-2.s-1和23℃;适于β-胡萝卜素积累的光照和温度分别是218.2μmol.m-2.s-1和23℃;适于生长的营养盐条件是NaNO30.4 mmo/L、尿素0.6 mmol/L和NaHCO318 mmol/L,而当NaNO3、尿素和NaHCO3浓度分别为0,0.2和18 mmol/L时有利于β-胡萝卜素的积累。高光照、低温有利于杜氏藻细胞β-胡萝卜素的积累,在218.2μmol.m-2.s-1光强和15℃条件下藻细胞β-胡萝卜素积累平均值可分别达10.39和12.46 pg/cell。3个株系中OUC38积累β-胡萝卜素的能力高于另外2株,但差异不显著。     

The effects of enriched CO2 and enhanced UV-B radiation on ultra-structure of Dunaliella salina, singly and in combination

The effects of ambient CO2/ambient UV-B, enriched CO2/ambient UV-B, ambient CO2/enhanced UV-B, and enriched CO2/enhanced UV-B on the ultrastructure of Dunaliella salina were investigated. （1） The ultrastructure of D..salina cell in the control experiment showed that the arrangement of thylakoid lamellae was regular, and there were many large starch grains among the thylakoid lamellae. A prominent well-developed pyrenoid was found in the middle of the chloroplast. Nucleus envelope and nucleolus were clearly observed. The Golgi apparatus accompanied by numerous vesicles with a compact arrangement of cisternae and the peripheral tips of the cisternae were swollen to a size comparable to that of some of the associated vesicles. （2） The ultrastructure of D. salina cell in enriched CO2 showed that the arrangement of thylakoid was regular and the lamellae were vivid. Developed pyrenoids were found in the low-CO2-grown cells, but not in the high-CO2-grown cells. The mitochondria cristae were vivid. The arrangement of Golgi apparatus was compact. （3） The ultrastructure of D. salina cell in enhanced UV-B showed that the thylakoid was dissolved and the cells had a less developed pyrenoid or no detectable pyrenoid. Part of the nucleus envelope was dissolved. The number ofmitochondria was increased and some mitochondria cristae were disintegrated. The starch grains were broken apart into many small starch grains. The Golgi apparatus with a loose arrangement ofcistemae and the peripheral tips of the Golgi cistemae were not especially swollen, with several large associated vesicles. （4） The ultrastructure of D. salina cell in the enriched CO2/enhanced UV-B showed that part of the thylakoid and nucleus envelopes of some cells were dissolved. The pyrenoid was larger than that of the enhanced UV-B. There were many mitochondria between stroma and chloroplast membrane, but mitochondria cristae were partly dissolved. Many small starch grains were accumulated in cells. The starch sheath was broken into several discontinuous starch grains with different sizes. The arrangement of Golgi apparatus was loose. Above all, although the enriched CO2 can alleviate the damage induced by the UV-B radiation, the effects of experimental UV-B radiation were larger than the effects of actual UV-B radiation, the damage induced by the UV-B radiation was so severe, therefore, CO2 enrichment could not restore the ultrastructure to the control level.     

类胡萝卜素合成酶基因及海洋微藻合成类胡萝卜素的研究进展

类胡萝卜素在生物体内起着十分重要的作用,C5化合物异戊烯基焦磷酸IPP及其异构体二甲丙烯焦磷酸DMPP是所有类胡萝卜素合成的前体,过去一直认为异戊烯基焦磷酸IPP是通过传统的甲羟戊酸途径(mevalonic acid pathway)合成的,而新的研究发现在微生物、绿藻及高等植物中还存在着另一条IPP合成途径.该文综述了类胡萝卜素生物合成的主要途径及重要的酶编码基因,并简要介绍了海洋微藻合成类胡萝卜素的研究现状.