Physils and organic matter-base palaeoenvironmental records of the K/Pg boundary transition from the late Cretaceous-early Palaeogene succession of the Um-Sohryngkew River section of Meghalaya,India

A continuous, shallow marine succession of the Um-Sohryngkew River section is distinct as it contains late Maastrichtian-early Danian planktonic foraminiferal zones and the K/Pg boundary, although K/Pg transition events remain inconclusive. Physils divide entire succession in to lower, middle and upper sub-divisions and represent anomalous values of redox-sensitive elements (δCe, La/Yb and Gd/Yb) in biozone CF3. Organic matter when analyzed show TOC and C spikes in biozone CF3. Illite thermometry also revealed sudden increase in the palaeo-temperature (>140 °C) for yellowish brown 1–2 mm thick organic rich clay layer in biozone CF3. Interestingly, conspicuous increase in the short chain n-alkanes and fatty acids is observed in the biozone CF3, although, long chain n-alkanes (C₂₇–C₃₃) derived from terrestrial plants show low abundance throughout the succession.High amount of combustion derived fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benzo(a) anthracene PAH compounds found in the biozone CF3 are analogous to those reported from the K/T boundary sections of Stevns Klint, Gubbio, Woodside Creek and Arroyo el Mimbral. The pyrolitic signatures of these organic macro-molecules reflect global fire, caused distress to biota (during the deposition of biozone CF3 layer) which is coincidental with the well documented Ce anomaly layer, but, preceded by planktonic foraminiferal change in biozone P0 and PGE anomaly bearing layer in the biozone CF2. These organic macro-molecules reflect global fire, induced by the heat supplied by the late Cretaceous Abor and/or Deccan extrusions perhaps linked with the K/T transition events as later initiated prior to the K/Pg boundary, however, the main episode of Deccan volcanic activity occurred ∼300 ky earlier or at the K/Pg boundary itself. The deposition of 1–2 mm thick, yellowish brown, smooth (with conchoidal fracture) pyrite nodules and micro-spherules bearing organic rich clay layer marked with the decrease in the carbonate content (2.43%) that lies at the contact between the silty mudstone and grey calcareous shale located in the biozone CF3 of this succession coincides with the first appearance of Pseudoguembelina hariaensis representing age of 66.83–65.45 Ma is also related to the India’s collision with the Eurasia and Burma andextrusion of Abor volcanic.These events also endorse succeeding events such as anomalous concentration of platinum group of elements and concentration of spherules during biozone CF2, which are other end Cretaceous events before the advent of the K/Pg boundary.     

阳原泥河湾盆地台儿沟东剖面沉积相磁化率各向异性研究

磁化率各向异性(Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility:AMS)能揭示沉积物中磁性矿物的定向排列,用于判定水流大小和方向变化。目前,关于沉积微相的磁化率各向异性研究仍较少。本文通过对台儿沟东剖面进行高分辨率磁化率各向异性研究,发现各沉积微相和亚相的磁化率各向异性较大差异,对于水动力较大的沉积微相,如分支河道、水下支流河道、河口砂坝等,其磁化率和磁化率各向异性度相对较大;对于水动力较小的沉积微相,如分支间湾、天然堤等,磁化率和磁化率各向异性度次之;对于滨浅湖、前三角洲泥、沼泽等静水环境,磁化率和磁化率各向异性度最小。根据各沉积微相或亚相χ与P的相关系数变化,可将河湖相地层分为两段:其中,在7.8~90m深度范围内,χ与P的相关系数为正值;在之下90~130m深度范围内,χ与P的相关系数主要为负值。与郝家台、东谷坨剖面磁化率各向异性结果相似,台儿沟东剖面各沉积微相和亚相的磁化率最大轴主要倾向NNE和NNW方向,而磁化率最小轴主要倾向SW方向,表明泥河湾盆地的物源除了可能来自盆地东部外,还可能来自盆地西南部。     

鄂尔多斯盆地高桥地区盒8段砂岩储层致密成因

运用常规薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜及恒速压汞等实验手段,对鄂尔多斯盆地高桥地区盒8段储层特征进行研究,并以孔隙演化过程为线索分析了储层致密成因。研究结果表明:盒8段储层主要为岩屑石英砂岩、石英砂岩与岩屑砂岩,成分成熟度和结构成熟度均较高,储层物性差;砂岩分选性好,初始孔隙度整体较高,平均可达34.7%;受岩石组分、埋深及煤系烃源岩酸性流体的影响,压实作用强烈,破坏了大约20.4%的原生孔隙度,胶结作用破坏了其余13.9%的原生孔隙度,原生孔隙几乎被破坏殆尽;早期溶蚀产生的孔隙被压实作用破坏,而晚期溶蚀作用较弱,仅增加了大约3.4%的次生孔隙度,难以大幅度改善储层物性。因此,成岩期原生孔隙被破坏殆尽及次生孔隙形成较少共同导致该区储层致密。     

华南中-晚二叠世之交碳酸盐岩磁学特征及环境意义

磁学参数作为可靠的古气候和古环境指标, 能为全球环境变化、气候过程研究提供有价值的资料.对广西来宾铁桥剖面瓜德鲁普-乐平统界线地层进行详细岩石磁学研究, 结果表明, 铁桥剖面样品中主要磁性矿物是顺磁性矿物以及少量磁铁矿、赤铁矿.在瓜德鲁普-乐平统界线附近, 岩石磁学特征发生显著变化, 磁化率先增大再减小, 携磁矿物成分呈硬磁性矿物(赤铁矿)→软磁性矿物(磁铁矿)→硬磁性矿物(赤铁矿)的变化趋势, 这些转变仅在界线上下大约4m的岩层内完成, 与中二叠世晚期的海平面变化、古海水温度变化同步.中-晚二叠世之交碳酸盐岩磁学参数的变化显著, 反映磁性矿物在各圈层之间的运移和转换发生了转变, 这一转变起因于当时的气候环境变化.瓜德鲁普世晚期和乐平世早期, 海平面较高, 来宾地区物源少, 铁桥剖面的携磁矿物主要来自粉尘赤铁矿; 中-晚二叠世之交短暂的大规模海退作用使华南古陆面积大幅度增加, 同时陆生植物大规模灭绝, 地表侵蚀加剧, 来宾地区物源增多, 此时, 铁桥剖面的携磁矿物主要来源于河流输入的磁铁矿.      

地质勘探用膨胀波纹管截面设计与选择

膨胀波纹管技术是将圆管制成异形截面管,下入孔内后胀圆维护孔壁稳定的一种新兴钻探技术。针对地质勘探的行业需求,提出了一套膨胀波纹管截面形状的设计理论,系统地阐述了膨胀波纹管截面设计的相关步骤和细节,设计出了6种花形不同尺寸的膨胀波纹管截面设计图。在此基础上,利用ANSYS14.0数值模拟软件对不同的设计截面进行了对比分析,得出了膨胀波纹管选择的3条原则：六瓣梅花形是最佳截面形式;设计截面的波峰和波谷的半径、弧度应尽量接近;在满足护壁压力要求的情况,壁厚应尽量的小。     

断面法选择独立坐标系的探讨

针对工程建设中为满足相应的测量精度要求而进行的独立坐标系选择相关研究不足的现状,该文阐述了高斯投影长度变形计算原理,基于数字高程模型绘制的断面图和高斯投影长度变形适用范围曲线的套合,提出了一种独立坐标系选择方法。试验结果表明本文提出的方法是可行的,能够对各种投影长度变形要求的独立坐标系选择提供参考。     

近50年长江口南、北港及附近分汊型河槽的演变

依据1958-2006近50年海图资料,在GIS技术平台下,对海图进行数字化处理,建立不同时期水深数据库,对比计算不同时期河槽容积的变化,探讨近50年来流域来水来沙减少背景下长江口南、北港分汊型河槽容积变化及演变趋势。结果表明:(1)近50年来南、北港冲淤变化趋势一致,整体上略有淤积之势,局部性波动明显;复式河槽的出现与南支主泓摆动、涨落潮流路分异关系密切,是长江口多级分汊格局形成的缩影。(2)南、北槽河槽演变在20世纪80-90年代呈现此消彼长特征,经过南岸边滩淤积,南槽主泓偏移,水流深切边滩,巩固沙体4个过程形成江亚南沙,长江口二级分流节点处地貌演变复杂,总体可归纳为上游沙体下移,沙体合并,水道消亡。(3)近期河槽演变受人工设施影响显著,来水来沙减少使河槽延伸减缓,南北槽分水分沙条件逐渐改变。     

凝缩段的识别及其地质意义

凝缩段是厚度极薄的海相地层单位,由一种沉积速率极缓慢的深海相沉积物组成。区域上,它们在最大海进期间的延伸最为广泛。凝缩段能将由远海微体化石带证实的年代地层构架与近岸浅海沉积层序的物理地层连接起来,因此它是一个联系浅水与深水沉积相的物理地层纽带,通过地震、测井以及露头资料的分析即可识别。凝缩段在区域性和全球性地层对比中起着极为重要的作用。     

A Synoptic Snapshot of the East Cape Eddy （ECE）

1Introduction The East Australian Current(EAC)partially sepa-rates from the coast of Australia(Godfrey et al.,1980)and subsequently flows eastward along the Tas-man Front(TF)(Warren,1970).When the east-ward flow reaches the northernmost point of New Zealand,it turns southeastward and becomes the East Auckland Current(EAUC).The flow that goesround the East Cape is named the Ease Cape Current(ECC).The ECC separates from North Island and proceeds eastward to the north of the Chatha…     

Land use effects on soil crusting and hydraulic response of surface crusts on a tropical Alfisol

Soil surface crusting, a common phenomenon on cultivated soils, has major implications for agriculture and the environment because of its effects on soil hydrological properties, erosion and crop establishment. The objectives of this study were to evaluate land use controls on crust formation and the hydraulic response of soils to crust development for a Patancheru series soil (clayey skeletal, mixed, isohyperthermic Udic Rhodustalf) in south‐central India. Soil aggregates, obtained from cultivated (PL) and naturally vegetated fallow (NV) land, were packed into sample trays and subjected to laboratory rain simulation to form crusts. Thin sections and visual observation indicated that crust development reached a more advanced stage in the PL case compared with NV following 90 min of rain at 40–80 mm h⁻¹ intensity. This was reflected in a thicker crust layer with fewer voids in the former and a less smooth surface with partially disintegrated aggregates in the latter. The hydraulic response of the soil surface with the progression of crust development indicated a more permeable and less dense crust formed on NV than on PL soil. The results suggested that NV soil aggregates were more stable and that crust formation is more gradual for stable aggregates compared with the less stable PL aggregates. A structural crust‐type formed on the Patancheru soil by means of parallel subprocesses involving translocation and illuviation of aggregate disruption by products, and raindrop compaction and particle rearrangement. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.