华北地区韧性剪切带几种岩石的波速各向异性高温高压实验研究

对华北地区韧性剪切带几种代表上、中、下地壳深度的糜棱岩及其围岩在高温高压条件下进行纵波速度测定及各向异性研究．对实验样品的纵波速度测定得到以下结果：１．沿糜棱岩面理方向的纵波速度大于与面理垂直方向的纵波速度，差值为０．１５-０．３０ｋｍ／ｓ，各向异性为３％-５％；２．糜棱岩的纵波速度低于其围岩的纵波速度，差值为０．１０-０．４５ｋｍ／ｓ；３．中地壳角闪岩相糜棱岩的纵波速度各向异性高于上地壳绿片岩相糜棱岩和下地壳麻粒岩相糜棱岩的各向异性；４．地震波速各向异性与糜棱岩矿物优选定向有关．     

物元可拓法在地下水水质评价中的应用

可以从定性、定量两个角度解决问题的物元可拓法已被广泛应用于各个领域,本文对物元可拓法进行了改进,并应用于地下水水质评价,同时采用模糊综合评判方法进行了验证。Piper-三线图显示,研究区地下水主要为HCO3—Na和HCO3—Ca·Na型水,水质本底条件较好。水质评价结果表明,上第三系馆陶组地下水水质显著优于明化镇组,1984~1999年间明化镇组和馆陶组的地下水水质均有变坏趋势,前者趋势较为明显。物元可拓法采用综合关联度与可拓指数判断地下水水质级别,不仅能反映其相对性,也能反映绝对性,可延拓连续的特点使其更有说服力。     

Graben width controlling syn-rift sedimentation: the Palaeogene southern Upper Rhine Graben as an example

Eocene to Early Oligocene syn-rift deposits of the southern Upper Rhine Graben (URG) accumulated in restricted environments. Sedimentation was controlled by local clastic supply from the graben flanks, as well as by strong intra-basinal variations in accommodation space due to differential tectonic subsidence, that in turn led to pronounced lateral variations in depositional environment. Three large-scale cycles of intensified evaporite sedimentation were interrupted by temporary changes towards brackish or freshwater conditions. They form three major base level cycles that can be traced throughout the basin, each of them representing a stratigraphic sub-unit. A relatively constant amount of horizontal extension (ΔL) in the range of 4–5 km has been estimated for the URG from numerous cross-sections. The width of the rift (L _f ), however, varies between 35 and more than 60 km, resulting in a variable crustal stretching factor between the bounding masterfaults. Apart from block tilting, tectonic subsidence was, therefore, largely controlled by changes in the initial rift width (L ₀). The along-strike variations of the graben width are responsible for the development of a deep, trough-like evaporite basin (Potash Basin) in the narrowest part of the southern URG, adjacent to shallow areas in the wider parts of the rift such as the Colmar Swell in the north and the Rhine Bresse Transfer Zone that delimits the URG to the south. Under a constant amount of extension, the along-strike variation in rift width is the principal factor controlling depo-centre development in extensional basins.     

东准噶尔鲍尔羌吉——带热隆伸展构造的厘定

东准噶尔1：25万造山带填图方法研究过程中，在鲍尔羌吉一带发现较为典型的伸展构造，与许志琴等提出的热隆伸展构造有相似之处，其隆升与晚古生代造山后期抬升侵位的花岗岩有关，重熔花岗岩侵位上隆形成“热穹隆”构造，在岩体顶部垂直主应力作用下导致上部地壳伸展减薄，形成以晚古生代花岩为核心的伸展构造。     

岩石层流变学的研究现状及存在问题

岩石层的流变学是一门综合性的学科，它不仅包括高温高压岩力学实验，而且还包括岩石圈的地质构造，物质组成和温度场特性的研究，70年代以来岩石力学实验和地质热研究的成果推动了岩石层流变学的发展，目前，人们应用已有的实验结果建立了岩石层流变学的剖面，并以此为基础讨论了许多大地构造现象，但是，人们对流变机制的转换，水对岩石层流变性的影响等问题尚不清楚，因此，为了深入的了解岩石层流变性质在岩石层运动学和动力学中的应用，必须开展岩石层流变机制的理论和实验研究，以便建立流变性质的三维分布，本文主要分析了岩石层的流变性质随深度变化的研究结果及其在实际中的应用，讨论了确定岩石层粘度或流变强度的主要因素并对岩石层的流变学研究方向提供了一些看法。     

正常固结饱和粘性土的不排水强度

本文以有效应力强度理论和Henkel孔隙水压力公式为基础,建立了各种类三轴与平面应变试验条件下正常固结饱和粘土的不排水强度公式及相互关系;初步估计了粘土强度随固结增长的计算公式.     

Faulting in zones of lithospheric extension: Quantitative analysis of natural and experimental data

Quantitative relationships between major fault parameters from geological observations and laboratory experiments are compared. Relationships are established between fault length, number, depth of fault penetration, amplitude of displacement and other characteristics. The width of destruction zones is estimated. Spacing between parallel faults of compatible length is evaluated. It is shown that there is a stable correlation between fault length and number, which is independent from the mode of loading the material under destruction. Destruction of the lithosphere is believed to occur according to the laws of deformation of Maxwell elasto-viscous body.     

甘肃河东地区降雨特征分析研究

用甘肃河东地区19个气象站近15年雨量自记资料,分析了该区6月～9月各降雨持续时间和降雨强度下的雨量及其出现次数的分布特征,并初步分析了持续时间和雨强对雨量的综合作用。     

SEDIMENT MANAGEMENT IN NANQIN RESERVOIR

In order to preserve the storage capacity of the Nanqin Reservoir for long-term service, several remedial measures have been worked out: (a) measures to control the upstream extension of backwater deposits and to prevent gravel bed load from entering into the reservoir, so that no armour layer will be formed; (b) sediment sluicing by density current to reduce deposits of suspended load; (c) periodical sediment flushing by emptying reservoir to restore the effective storage capacity. In addition, conceptions of flood plain elevation in reservoir, storage volume required in the routing of turbid flow (density flow), the storage capacity that can be restored after being lost by deposition, and the storage volume for sediment regulation are also discussed.