国外海洋气水合物研究的一些新进展

海洋水合物是未来的新型海洋天然气能源,文中简要介绍近年来国际大洋钻探项目在北美陆坡布莱克海岭和由德国Ｓｕｅｓｓ教授等人在东太平洋水合物海岭对海洋气水合物的勘察、取样和多学科的综合研究方面所取得的一些主要新进展和成果。１９９５年ＯＤＰ１６４航次在北美陆坡的布莱克海岭的９９７站位通过钻探取到３块块状气水合物和一些气水合物小碎块。德国Ｅ．Ｓｕｅｓｓ教授和他的同事们在东太平洋的水合物海岭于１９９６年和１９９年在约８００ｍ水深下的海底浅表深积物取到了大量的层块状气水合物。他们的研究表明,布莱克海岭和东太平水合物海岭的气水合物中的甲烷气体均来自细菌对ＣＯ２的分解结果,１６４航次９９５,９９７两上站位较明显的ＢＳＲ均与其下浮沉积物来自细菌对ＣＯ２的分解结果。１６４航次９９５,９９７两个站位较明显的ＢＳＲ均与其下伏沉积物中所饱     

煤矿井下水平定向钻进技术的发展

国内外煤矿井下水平定向钻进技术(HDD)的发展具有不同的技术路线,这涉及钻进设备和钻具、钻孔监测仪器的研发,钻孔轨迹控制理论的研究等。本文阐述了煤矿井下HDD技术在国内外的发展特点及我国在该领域未来几年的发展方向。      

中国海相油气田勘探实例之二鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田的发现与勘探

靖边气田发现于1989年,它是我国首次在陆上海相碳酸盐岩地层中发现与探明的非常规隐蔽性大型岩溶古地貌气藏。2000年探明天然气储量2909.88×108m3。而后通过气田的开发及扩边勘探,又使气田面积向东延伸扩大,落实三级储量1011.4×108m3。气田主力产层由奥陶系马家沟组五1层溶斑白云岩与粗粉晶白云岩组成,具有沉积稳定、成层分布、低孔隙低渗透、低丰度、大面积、中低产、埋藏深、非常规、隐蔽性强的特点。论述了气田的发现和勘探开发历程、气藏的地质特征,以及在稳定地台区寻找海相碳酸盐岩气田的启示。     

氡气测量方法在礼贤断裂勘查中的应用

利用氡气测量方法对礼贤断裂的位置进行勘查,通过对测量数据的分析,圈定氡气浓度的异常区,从而作为判定礼贤断裂位置的重要依据。     

Importance of volcanic glass alteration to sediment stabilization: offshore Japan

A minor amount (ca 1 wt%) of amorphous silica cement sourced from volcanic glass inhibits consolidation of hemipelagic sediment approaching the Nankai Trough subduction zone throughout the Shikoku Basin. The distribution and nature of the cement were examined via secondary and backscattered electron imaging. The amorphous silica occurs as altered material in contact with volcanic glass, coating grains (including grain contacts) and filling pores. Based on chemical and petrographic evidence, the cement is probably sourced from volcanic glass; this is in contrast to a previous suggestion that this silica cement is sourced dominantly from biogenic silica. Amorphous silica sourced from disseminated volcanic glass shards has the ability to form a thin coating on clay‐dominated sediment throughout the Shikoku Basin. Measured amorphous silica content in hemipelagic sediments suggests that the cementing process is active throughout the Shikoku Basin (at sites separated by >500 km). The cementation process may occur in other locations where sediment containing hydrated disseminated volcanic glass is buried sufficiently for heat to facilitate alteration (i.e. Central America, Cascadia and the Gulf of Alaska).     

The sedimentary expression of oceanic anoxic event 1b in the North Atlantic

The Aptian/Albian oceanic anoxic event 1b contains the record of several perturbations in the global carbon cycle and multiple black shale levels, particularly in the Western Tethys. The local lithological expression of an oceanic anoxic event depends on palaeogeographical and depositional setting as well as on regional palaeoclimate. Marine sediments at a particular location may therefore be more or less organic‐rich (or not at all) and they may consist of different lithologies. In most studies, however, much of the lithological variability associated with oceanic anoxic events is left unaccounted for and, thus, the exact processes leading to the enrichment of organic matter in these marine sediments and their subsequent preservation in the geological record are unknown. This study focuses on the local sedimentary processes behind the deposition of organic‐rich sediments at Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 545 and Ocean Drilling Program Sites 1049 and 1276 in the North Atlantic during oceanic anoxic event 1b. Although specifically dealing with the sediments deposited during this particular event at these localities, it is expected that the same processes were responsible for determining the exact sedimentary products at localities in similar settings, as well as during other similar events in the Mesozoic. Here, it is shown that the deposition of organic‐rich sediments during oceanic anoxic event 1b was a consequence of the enhanced productivity favoured by upwelling and by riverine nutrient input, or aeolian fertilization of the euphotic zone depending on geographical location. Slope instability processes resulted in the transfer of part of these organic‐rich sediments from the shelf to deep sea depocentres as mud‐laden organic‐rich turbidites, especially in the northern North Atlantic. The so‐called ‘black shales’ are much more varied than their name implies. The end product of sedimentation during an oceanic anoxic event at a particular location is commonly the result of several equifinal processes acting on a local scale rather than the direct result of basinal or even global mechanisms.     

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊—贝尔凹陷岩性一地层油藏成藏特征及勘探方向

乌尔逊—贝尔凹陷是海拉尔盆地油气勘探的主战场,其岩性—地层油藏勘探程度较低,剩余油气资源勘探潜力较大.对乌尔逊—贝尔凹陷成藏特征的研究表明,岩性—地层油藏是主要的油藏类型,可分为岩性油藏、地层油藏和复合油藏3种类型油藏.油气主要沿不整合面及不同级次湖泛面上下分布,平面上围绕生油洼槽分布,不同的构造带上,发育的岩性—地层...     

保山市杏花社区白纸房沟探采井储水构造模式

探采井岩性、产状、岩体破碎程度、构造条件、岩溶发育均利于地下水储存和运移,具有较好的承压条件。水井正好穿越岩溶管道,形成了自喷井(水量1 328m3)。解决2万余人的饮水,缓解旱情,取得了显著社会、经济效益。     

非开挖铺管中钻头泥包问题的分析与对策

非开挖导向铺管过程中,当钻遏较软岩层或泥页岩层时,经常会遇到钻头被泥包的现象,尤其在扩孔过程中,更为明显。针对这种现象,从三个方面认真了分析钻头泥包的原因,并提出从泥浆方面入手的对策。进行室内推力实验,在武汉江夏区的非开挖施工现场提出配方并加以应用,对提高钻进效率有重要的意义。     

Downhole well log and core montages from the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope

The BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well was an integral part of an ongoing project to determine the future energy resource potential of gas hydrates on the Alaska North Slope. As part of this effort, the Mount Elbert well included an advanced downhole geophysical logging program. Because gas hydrate is unstable at ground surface pressure and temperature conditions, a major emphasis was placed on the downhole-logging program to determine the occurrence of gas hydrates and the in-situ physical properties of the sediments. In support of this effort, well-log and core data montages have been compiled which include downhole log and core-data obtained from the gas-hydrate-bearing sedimentary section in the Mount Elbert well. Also shown are numerous reservoir parameters, including gas-hydrate saturation and sediment porosity log traces calculated from available downhole well log and core data.