浅谈吹填对真空预压的影响及处理措施

依托南方某船厂吹填造地项目,通过地基处理过程中沉降数据及静力触探检测数据的分析,结合现场吹填时出现的问题,找出了吹填对真空预压的主要影响因素及应采取的改进措施。     

吹填软土蠕变过程中颗粒与孔隙演化特征分析

软土一般具有蠕变特性,蠕变在微观上表现为土颗粒与孔隙的变化。为了解长期变形内在机制,对天津滨海吹填软土原状土与重塑土进行了固结不排水三轴蠕变试验。在围压为75 kPa、偏应力为10 kPa情况下开展多组平行试验,选取蠕变过程中多个时间点的试样进行微观结构测试,提取了颗粒与孔隙变化参数,研究蠕变过程中微结构变化规律。研究结果表明：在文中所受荷载条件长期作用下,颗粒与孔隙定向性明显;平均孔径及平均孔隙体积呈逐渐减小趋势;结构性原状土比表面积逐渐增大,重塑土则呈减小趋势;结构性原状土颗粒与孔隙分数维呈减小趋势,但重塑土呈相反趋势。     

某机场飞行区土工格栅加筋高边坡优化设计

土工格栅加筋土边坡是一种新型的边坡支护结构,对于提高边坡稳定性、节约工程用地、保护生态环境意义重大。为了对机场加筋高填方边坡加固方案进行优化设计,本文以某机场跑道西北角的6#高填方边坡为例,首先基于边坡的地质条件和高填方边坡的实际情况,提出3种不同边坡坡率的加筋土边坡设计方案;其次采用简化Bishop法、Spencer楔形体法以及Morgenstern-Price法分别计算在天然、暴雨以及地震工况下的边坡稳定系数;最后利用有限元法分析3种加固方案下的加筋土边坡在天然工况下的变形特征以及筋材轴力分布规律。结果表明：3种设计方案在天然、暴雨以及地震工况下均能满足边坡稳定性要求,贴坡填筑的多级加筋土边坡的筋材轴力分布规律沿着竖向呈现锯齿状分布,最大筋材轴力在每级边坡的坡脚处突变增大。与加筋土缓坡（坡率1∶1.5）设计方案相比,加筋土挡墙（坡率1∶0.25）在坡高、筋材使用量、护坡面积以及挖填方量等方面均有明显减小。综合考虑稳定性、工程造价以及施工周期,采用加筋土挡墙的设计方案更合理。     

吹填粉砂土固结蠕变试验及模型

通过分析法向应力、干密度、土样尺寸对吹填粉砂土蠕变特性的影响,深入研究其固结蠕变特性。与Kelvin模型相比,采用Burgers体模型能够更合理地阐释吹填粉砂土的蠕变曲线;采用FLAC^3D方法可开展吹填土蠕变过程的三维数值模拟。结果表明：吹填粉砂具有一定的蠕变特性,并可用幂函数描述应力-应变、应变-时间的关系;干密度一定时,法向应力愈大,初始应变愈大,达到稳定的时间愈长;法向应力一定时,干密度越大,初始变形越小,最终稳定所需时间越短;大尺寸试样（Ф 200.0 mm× H200.0 mm）的瞬时变形与蠕变形率要比标准尺寸（Φ 61.8 mm×H 20.0 mm）大,稳定所需时间要长;此外,Burgers体模型模拟吹填粉砂土固结蠕变变形优于广义Kelvin模型并具有可行性。     

吹填场区软黏土地基的次固结特性研究

针对天津中心渔港吹填场区软黏土地基进行了一系列的固结压缩试验,获得应力、应变与时间的关系,对比分析了吹填土层和天然沉积土层的固结和次固结特性,为吹填场区软黏土地基变形模型建立及长期工后沉降预测提供理论依据。研究表明,吹填土和天然沉积土的应变速率与时间双对数曲线具有很好的线性相关性;处理后吹填土含水率和压缩性较低,天然沉积土含水率和压缩性高;随荷载P增大,吹填土的次固结系数Ca?变化不大,天然沉积土的次固结系数Ca先增大后减小,最终趋于稳定;次固结系数Ca与压缩指数Cc具有良好的线性相关性,其随时间的增加均呈对数下降趋势。     

Reflection of regular and irregular waves from a partially perforated caisson breakwater with a rock-filled core

The reflection of regular and irregular waves from a partially perforated caisson breakwater with a rock-filled core is examined. The present mathematical model is developed by means of the matched eigenfunction method. Numerical results of the present model are compared with the experimental data of different researchers. Numerical examples are given to examine the effect of rock fill on the reflection coefficient. The differences between regular and irregular waves are also investigated by means of theoretical and experimental results. It is found that the minimum reflection coefficient of irregular waves is larger than that of corresponding regular waves, but the contrary is the case for the maximum reflection coefficient.     

水平地震作用下黄土多级高填方边坡动力响应规律及稳定性分析

为研究水平地震作用下黄土多级高填方边坡动力响应规律及稳定性，本文以某高填方边坡工程为背景，利用GeoStudio2012有限元分析软件建立模型进行分析，并对比分析多级高填方边坡与单级填方边坡动力响应结果。计算结果表明，边坡坡面和挖填交界面上动力响应规律表现为:位移幅值基本随着高程的增加而增加；速度幅值随着高程的增加先增大后减小再增大；加速度幅值随着高程的增加有减小趋势；多级高填方边坡动力响应规律与单级填方边坡动力响应规律不同，单级填方边坡位移幅值、速度幅值、加速度幅值均随着高程的增加递增；地震波在坡体内传播时，随着高程的增加具有滞后性。边坡稳定性随着地震加速度峰值的增大有所下降，相比静力作用，水平地震作用下边坡稳定性下降明显。本文相关研究可为西北地区黄土高填方边坡工程抗震提供一定理论依据。     

Evidence of flandrian valley alluviation in staindale,North York Moors

The Dovedale Griff has incised into valley fill deposits in Staindale to expose sub-fossil wood at the base of a meander cut bank. The wood includes oak (Quercus sp.) driftwood, and apparently in situ stumps of willow (Salix sp.) and alder (Alnus sp.). An alder stump is dated at 6270 radiocarbon years BP. Fluvial gravels approximately 1±5 m thick have accumulated above the wood, which has been exposed by renewed incision.     

Discriminating sources of PCB contamination in fish on the coastal shelf off San Diego, California (USA)

Management of coastal ecosystems necessitates the evaluation of pollutant loading based on adequate source discrimination. Monitoring of sediments and fish on the shelf off San Diego has shown that some areas on the shelf are contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Here, we present an analysis of PCB contamination in fish on the shelf off San Diego designed to discriminate possible sources. The analysis was complicated by the variability of species available for analysis across the shelf, variable affinities of PCBs among species, and non-detects in the data. We utilized survival regression analysis to account for these complications. We also examined spatial patterns of PCBs in bay and offshore sediments and reviewed more than 20 years of influent and effluent data for local wastewater treatment facilities. We conclude that most PCB contamination in shelf sediments and fish is due to the ongoing practice of dumping contaminated sediments dredged from San Diego Bay.     

高填方地基中场地地震动参数确定研究

高填方地基的广泛应用,使得对在不同高填方地质情况下,开展研究地震动参数的变化规律有着重要的工程指导意义。根据某机场高填方工程的地基参数,分别概化建立了不同填方厚度、不同压实度、不同厚度原土基的土层计算模型。通过计算得出了场地地震动反应结果。对比研究计算结果,得出了不同高填方地层地质情况下地震动参数的变化特征。为工程设计提供了有效的参数和科学合理的依据。