Cone model for two surface foundations on layered soil

In this paper, the cone model is applied to the vibration analysis of two foundations on a layered soil half space. In the analysis, the total stress field in the subsoil is divided into the free-field and the scattering field. Seed＇s simplified method is adopted for the free-field analysis, while the cone model is proposed for analyzing the dynamic scattering stress wave field. The shear stress field and the compressive stress field in the layered stratum with two scattering sources are calculated by shear cone and compressive cone, respectively. Furthermore, the stress fields in the subsoil with two foundations are divided into six zones, and the P wave and S wave are analyzed in each zone. Numerical results are provided to illustrate features of the added stress field for two surface foundations under vertical and horizontal sinusoidal force excitation. The proposed cone model may be useful in handling some of the complex problems associated with multi-scattering sources.     

Volcanic hazards at Mount Semeru,East Java (Indonesia), with emphasis on lahars

Mt. Semeru, the highest mountain in Java (3,676 m), is one of the few persistently active composite volcanoes on Earth, with a plain supporting about 1 million people. We present the geology of the edifice, review its historical eruptive activity, and assess hazards posed by the current activity, highlighting the lahar threat. The composite andesite cone of Semeru results from the growth of two edifices: the Mahameru ‘old’ Semeru and the Seloko ‘young’ Semeru. On the SE flank of the summit cone, a N130-trending scar, branched on the active Jonggring-Seloko vent, is the current pathway for rockslides and pyroclastic flows produced by dome growth. The eruptive activity, recorded since 1818, shows three styles: (1) The persistent vulcanian and phreatomagmatic regime consists of short-lived eruption columns several times a day; (2) increase in activity every 5 to 7 years produces several kilometer-high eruption columns, ballistic bombs and thick tephra fall around the vent, and ash fall 40 km downwind. Dome extrusion in the vent and subsequent collapses produce block-and-ash flows that travel toward the SE as far as 11 km from the summit; and (3) flank lava flows erupted on the lower SE and E flanks in 1895 and in 1941–1942. Pyroclastic flows recur every 5 years on average while large-scale lahars exceeding 5 million m³ each have occurred at least five times since 1884. Lumajang, a city home to 85,000 people located 35 km E of the summit, was devastated by lahars in 1909. In 2000, the catchment of the Curah Lengkong River on the ESE flank shows an annual sediment yield of 2.7 × 10⁵ m³ km⁻² and a denudation rate of 4 10⁵ t km⁻² yr⁻¹, comparable with values reported at other active composite cones in wet environment. Unlike catchments affected by high magnitude eruptions, sediment yield at Mt. Semeru, however, does not decline drastically within the first post-eruption years. This is due to the daily supply of pyroclastic debris shed over the summit cone, which is remobilised by runoff during the rainy season. Three hazard-prone areas are delineated at Mt. Semeru: (1) a triangle-shaped area open toward the SE has been frequently swept by dome-collapse avalanches and pyroclastic flows; (2) the S and SE valleys convey tens of rain-triggered lahars each year within a distance of 20 km toward the ring plain; (3) valleys 25 km S, SE, and the ring plain 35 km E toward Lumajang can be affected by debris avalanches and debris flows if the steep-sided summit cone fails.     

铁路大桥基础加固嵌岩钻孔灌注桩的施工

在丰沙铁路线35号桥桥墩基础加固工程中，根据行车铁路大桥对钻孔灌注桩施工的机械震动和裸孔量的技术要求，确定了采用回转式钻孔工法和施工顺序。根据工程地质条件确定采用双液压浆造壁及锥底滚刀钻头钻进成孔的关键工艺，解决了老桥基钻遇各种障碍物的判断和顺利钻透的难题，采用优质高粘度泥浆护壁除渣，取得了良好的工程效果。     

上海地区土体灵敏度的研究

介绍了土体灵敏度的概念 ,提出了用单桥静力触探和双桥静力触探测定的侧摩阻力的比值来确定土体灵敏度的方法。在大量试验数据的基础上 ,对用几种不同方法测定的上海地区浅部各土层土体灵敏度进行了统计分析 ,给出了各土层灵敏度的推荐值。     

合肥地区膨胀土地基承载力的分析探讨

通过对有关原位测试数据进行分析对比，基于载荷试验结果提出合肥地区膨胀土地基承载力与天然含水量及静力触探、标准贯入等测试指标之间的相互关系。     

最优分段法在静探试验数据处理中的应用

在研究盾构法隧道施工对地层扰动影响的课题中，采用了静力触探仪进行原位测试，测定了盾构动态推进引起周围土体的比贯入阻力Ps值的变化。针对测试时间、范围、数量有限的特点，利用最优分段法对试验数据进行了聚类处理，分析结果表明该方法在地层受盾构施工扰动的一般规律认识上具有参考意义。     

沙漠砂承载力室内综合性原位测试模拟试验研究

为更好地满足沙漠油田地面工程建设的需要 ,对沙漠砂采用平板振动器分层制样 ,进行了平板载荷、静力触探和标准贯入等一系列室内模拟试验。试验数据回归分析表明 :静力触探试验中 ,《TJ2 1- 77规范》与《JTJ2 40 - 97规范》等规范建议的承载力值偏小。标准贯入试验中 ,《GBJ7- 89规范》、《TJ7- 74规范》与《JTJ2 40 - 97规范》等规范砂土承载力推荐值与本文试验回归值相差较大 ,偏于保守 ,如将其用于沙漠地基勘查评价和基础设计中将造成很大浪费 ;现有一些规范在用SPT和CPT确定粉细砂承载力时存在矛盾 ,不够协调 ,因此不适用于沙漠地区 ,必须制定新的标准。     

经Ⅲ型光学经纬仪竖轴,水平盘的结构和拆卸

本文以解剖麻雀的方法，阐述了经Ⅲ型光学经纬仪坚轴系和水平盘的结构及其特点、拆卸方法和注意事项，对仪器维修具有实践性的指导价值。     

Evolution of an englacial volcano: Brown Bluff,Antarctica

Marine shallow-water to emergent volcanoes have been described in detail, but comparable englacial centres are not well documented. Brown Bluff is a Pleistocene, shallow water, alkali basaltic volcano whose deposits were ponded within an englacial lake, enclosed by ice >400 m thick. Its evolution is divided chronologically into pillow volcano, hyalotuff cone, slope failure and hyaloclastite delta/subaerial stages. Seventeen lithofacies and five structural units (A-E) are recognised and described. The pillow volcano stage (Unit A) is similar to those of many submarine seamount volcanoes. It comprises extrusive and intrusive pillow lavas draped by slumped hyaloclastite. Units B and D define the hyalotuff cone stage, which was centred on a summit vent(s), and comprises slumped, poorly sorted hyalotuffs redeposited downslope by sediment gravity flows and ponded against an ice barrier. This stage also includes water-cooled subaerial lavas and massive hyalotuffs ponded within a crater. Cone construction was interrupted by drainage of the lake and slope failure of the northeast flank, represented by debris avalanche-type deposits (Unit C). Unit E represents the youngest stage and consists of a Gilbert-type hyaloclastite delta(s), which prograded away from a summit vent(s), and compound subaerial lavas. A second drainage episode allowed subaerial lavas to accumulate in the surrounding trough.