乌鲁木齐河青年渠冬季引水冰雪堵塞解决途径探讨

乌鲁木齐河青年渠是乌拉泊水库的主要水源途径,为了保证给乌鲁木齐市供水,必须在冬季利用青年渠引水,由于冬季青年渠引水,会受到冰雪淤积的威胁,有时甚至会封渠断流,并危及周边农牧民的正常生活和生产,冬季引水冰雪淤塞,原因是多方面的,对其原因进行分析,提出了解决途径,为冬季引水提供参考。     

基于分形维数的离线图像分割方法

为了能够提高图像分割的精度,提出了一种基于统计学和分形维数的图像分割方法,能够对自然景物中树木、道路和天空进行分割,并且可以应用于机器人导航的视觉系统.该方法首先通过统计大量的道路和树木和天空的分形维数(LFD),分析三者对应的LFD值分布特点,然后利用该特点对图像进行分割,最后对分割后的图像进行平滑处理,得到分割结果.实验结果表明:利用统计结果进行图像分割能够提高分割速率,而且使用分形维数作为特征能够得到比较精确的分割效果.     

崇仁河流域水土流失时空变化规律分析

通过专家模型提取1995年、1998年和2000年3个时期遥感影像的水土流失区，结合地理信息系统研究崇仁河流域水土流失时空演变规律。研究结果表明，崇仁河流域水土流失虽然近两年有所改善但仍很严重。原因是研究区月平均气温高，雨量充沛，岩石岩性以紫红、砖红色砂砾岩为主，地层构造不发育，土壤肥力差，植被生长困难，再加上人类活动频繁，以及不合理利用土地资源，使本来就易受侵蚀的土壤流失更迅速。同时，针对本区水土流失的特殊性，提出了合理保持水土的措施。     

大型边坡加固技术的研究

随着国家大规模经济建设的展开,水利水电、交通、矿山、国防等工程建设中经常会遇到大型边坡的加固问题。以边坡规模、工程地质条件和工程重要性作为影响边坡加固方法选择的3类主要因素,并将其分别分解为3个级别,通过各因素之间不同级别的组合分级来确定边坡加固方案的初步选择。对于一些工程地质条件很差的重要边坡,现有的边坡加固方法存在一定的局限性和不足。为此,作者提出了可用于大型边坡加固的地下梁-桩框架结构体系。通过将桩和梁相互连接而构成的空间框架结构,该体系可以将稳定性不足的坡体与深部稳定岩体牢固地连结起来,进而可以充分发挥岩体的自支撑能力。该结构体系的实施不仅可以充分利用为其他目的而开挖的探洞、试验洞等已有洞体,而还可以轻易、高效地实现边坡的排水和监测。     

Tectonics induced switching of provenance during the Late Quaternary aggradation of the Indus River Valley,Ladakh, India

The Indus River flows through Ladakh, one of the driest and coldest places on earth, in a tectonically active domain. Fluvial, glaciofluvial, lacustrine and debris dominated sequences represent the Late Quaternary sedimentary record along the river course. Karakoram Fault, a major crustal scaled feature reported to be active during the Quaternary, is associated with the Indus River drainage. Linkages between a major, active fault and deposits formed during the activity period of the fault are explored using heavy mineral deduced provenance and Optically Stimulated Luminescence(OSL) chronology.Five deposits in a ~200 km long stretch of the Indus River have been examined for a ~80 ka period to decipher the climate linked aggradation history. Damming of the Indus River at ~79 ka and existence of the Spituk Lake for >30 ka is demonstrated. Using geology of the provenance in relation to the mineralogical attributes of the Quaternary deposits, the major drainage reorganization when the connection of the Tangtse Valley to the Indus was blocked, is inferred at ~73 ka. It is supported by the geologicalgeomorphological evidence. The study demonstrates the application of provenance linked mineralogy in terrestrial aggradation in a tectonically active region.     

排水对黄土动力特性及微观结构特征的影响研究

利用动三轴仪对原状黄土饱和后的试样进行了排水条件下的动载荷试验,分析了排水条件下土样的变形、孔压、应力应变滞回圈特点及试验前后微观结构的变化。动三轴试验分析结果显示,与不排水条件下的3个明显的变形阶段相比,排水条件下的变形阶段明显不同;排水条件下动三轴试验过程中孔压整体处于稳定水平;在振次N=1、N=50、N=100下的应力应变关系形成的滞回圈形状相差不大,但与传统的椭圆形滞回圈相似度不高。通过对扫描电镜试验和压汞试验的微观结构结果分析显示,试验前后土样的微观结构、颗粒之间的接触和孔隙的大小等都发生了明显改变。微观试验结果分析得出了动三轴试验前后土颗粒间的变化为：由相对松散状态转变为相对密实状态,由支架接触、接触面积较小变为镶嵌接触为主、接触面积增大;孔隙孔径的变化上,试验前后不同孔隙孔径所占的百分含量明显发生了变化,尤其大孔隙的变化最为明显,土样中的大孔隙明显减少,微、小孔隙增多。     

基于分形纹理特征的侧扫声呐图像沉船识别方法研究

为提高侧扫声呐图像中沉船等目标信息的识别精度和识别效率,根据盒维数、毯维数与多重分形谱的侧扫声呐图像纹理特征提取算法,构建了基于分形纹理特征的Adaboost级联分类器沉船目标识别流程。结合实测侧扫声呐图像数据进行水下沉船识别实验,并与灰度共生矩阵和Tamura纹理特征的识别结果进行对比。研究表明,基于分形纹理特征的识别方法综合考虑了图像全局与局部纹理特征,且不依赖人工选取阈值参数与特征向量,可有效提高目标识别精度和识别效率。     

软粘土动力排水固结机理研究综述

动力排水固结法是在传统强夯法基础上通过改善排水条件而发展的一种新的软基处理技术。本文在对该项技术的研究意义、基本原理做简要陈述基础上,重点评述了固结机理的国内外研究现状及其存在的主要问题,并提出了若干值得深入研究的课题。     

考虑SSI效应的核电厂直立翼墙与排水沉管交叉体系静动力响应分析

某核电厂的联合泵房两侧直立翼墙以及排水沉管为交叉设计,且属抗震I类物项,因此,考虑土-交叉体系结构动力相互作用是抗震安全性评价的关键技术问题。以实际核电厂条件为背景,基于ANSYS分析平台建立了翼墙-沉管交叉体系-地基静动力分析模型,运用UPFs创建的粘弹性边界单元考虑无限地基辐射阻尼影响及地震动的输入,并精细化模拟地基材料的力学特性及交叉体系的空间分布形态,开展了静动力荷载联合作用下翼墙-沉管交叉体系的响应分析,探究交叉体系结构的应力、变形及加速度峰值等响应的变化规律。计算结果表明：直立翼墙与排水沉管交叉部位出现了应力集中现象,翼墙结构的竖向加速度响应与竖向及顺沉管水平向位移变形有较大变化,沉管在交叉部位的响应也有显著增加。研究成果可为核电厂取水工程构筑物的类似交叉体系设计提供技术参考。     

Soil erosion and conservation on land cultivated and drained for afforestation

Erosion of soil from pre-afforestation plough furrows has been measured on four soil types in Scotland for 12 to 18 month periods between 1987 and 1990. Rainfall-run-off was also measured at one site. Run-off is directly proportional to furrow length and rainfall intensity, and for a wide range of intensities (typically > 6 mm hr^?1) small amount of soil is flushed out of the furrows. However, for furrow spacings of 3.8 m, a critical downslope run-off increment associated with significant soil loss is of the order of 25 cm³ s^?1 m^?1, which is in accord with a storm of five years return period and a maximum intensity of 25 mm hr^?1. The total run-off volume for any hydrograph is commensurate with the total rainfall in the rainstorm — typically 40–80% by the hydrograph peak and approaching 100% by the end of the hydrograph; i.e. long term storage is negligible. A positive relationship was recorded between furrow length, slope angle and sediment yield, with deposition predominating in furrows less than 30 m in length on slopes less than a few degrees. Soil loss is proportional to the excess streampower expended by the run-off with an exponent in the range 1–1.5. For the soils examined, significant differences in soil loss when comparing sites for low power expenditure become undifferentiated at high power expenditures. For the rainfall regimes monitored, maximum soil losses were in the region of 40 kg per meter run-length of furrow, when soil peds were ripped from the bed. Laboratory data concerning the critical erosion threshold power and shear stress to erode soil peds are in general accord with the threshold furrow run-lengths defined using the field data for a five year storm and the soil losses observed.