鄂尔多斯盆地东胜富氦气田成藏特征及其大地构造背景*

近年来,在鄂尔多斯盆地北缘东胜气田上古生界天然气中发现伴生的氦气,含量分布在0.045%~0.487%范围内,具有工业价值,其三级储量约为8.3亿立方米,为一特大型含氦—富氦天然气田。东胜气田氦气属于典型的壳源氦,来源于基底的太古界—元古界变质岩—花岗岩系,富集与燕山期以来的岩浆侵入、断裂活动有关。东胜气田具备有利的氦气成藏地质条件,伴生氦气与烃类气具有异源同储成藏特征,剖析其成藏主控因素为: 基底富U、Th岩石发育是基础,断裂活动是核心,储盖圈保条件是必备,时空配置是关键,其中早白垩世是最重要的一期构造—岩浆热事件,深源岩浆活动导致的深部物质和热能的大规模上涌是中生代流体成藏(矿)的有利地球动力学背景,控制了鄂尔多斯盆地石炭系—二叠系煤系烃源岩大规模生气。断裂活动和圈闭形成与上古生界天然气、氦气聚集成藏具有良好的时空配置关系,与华北克拉通破坏过程耦合。鄂尔多斯地块在早白垩世至中新世深部热流体对盆地发生的多期岩浆活动、基底断裂活化及浅部断裂活动具有明显的控制作用,同时也对石炭系—二叠系煤系烃源岩成烃成藏具有重要的控制作用。     

淮北煤田太原组灰岩水年龄及同位素地球化学特征

为了解淮北煤田太原组灰岩水年龄、水化学特征及演化,采集了淮北煤田29个矿井地下水样品进行水常规、氢氧同位素及~(14)C测试。利用传统图示及统计方法探讨了地下水化学特征及演化,约束了地下水年龄及径流特征。结果表明:淮北煤田太原组灰岩水年龄在2900～21910 a之间变化,不同矿区之间灰岩水化学特征有明显差异。闸河矿区以较低的TDS浓度、最小的地下水年龄和最高的δD和δ~(18)O值为特征,为淮北煤田太原组灰岩水主要的补给区;临涣矿区孙疃矿、宿县矿区桃园矿具有较大的地下水年龄、较高的TDS浓度和低的δD和δ~(18)O值,为主要排泄区。TDS浓度等值线图和地下水年龄等值线图呈现一致的演化规律,淮北煤田东北部闸河矿区为主要补给区。太原组灰岩水径流特征主要受构造背景的控制,地下水补给条件及水岩相互作用程度决定了水体中TDS浓度和氢氧同位素富集特征。     

Key Groundwater Control Factors of Deep Buried Coalfield by Landform and Sedimentation in the Northern Ordos Basin

There were three landforms (i.e. desert, bedrock platform and loess gully) in deep-buried coalfield of northern Ordos Basin. Water inflow of working face in desert area was 1~2 orders of magnitude larger than that in other landform areas. In order to find out the key controlling factors of the directly water filled aquifers on the roof of the coal seam, we carried out research from the aspects of topography, landform and geological sedimentation. The results showed that desert landform provides abundant recharge water for underlying aquifers because of gentle topography, large precipitation infiltration coefficient, thick and water-rich quaternary system. While bedrock platform and loess gully landform were the water sources with weak recharge capacity of underlying aquifers. The sandstone-mudstone interbedding structure formed by continental deposits resulted in the absence of regional stable aquifers in Jurassic and Cretaceous strata on the roof of coal seams. Pumping tests of boreholes showed that all strata belong to weak to medium water-rich aquifers. The groundwater level of Cretaceous aquifer decreased by 20~130 m in three mines. There was a close hydraulic relationship between shallow and deep aquifers. The Mesozoic strata belonged to fluvial deposits. Qilizhen sandstone and Zhenwudong sandstone aquifers were mainly developed on the roof of the coal seam, which were characterized by thick medium-coarse sandstone sections. The geological and sedimentary conditions of direct water-filled aquifer were similar, but the amount of borehole water, cumulative pre-drainage water and water inflow from goaf in desert geomorphic area were much larger than those in bedrock platform and loess gully geomorphic area. The water-rich of the aquifer was mainly controlled by geomorphology, and the water sources of the deep aquifers were meteoric precipitation and Quaternary aquifer. In different mines with similar Quaternary conditions in Mu Us Desert, there were also great differences in the amount of borehole water, cumulative pre-drainage water and water inflow from goafs. The difference was related to the thickness and lithology of the aquifers. It reflected that the geological sedimentary conditions of the coal seam roof were also important factors to control the water-rich of the aquifers. Topography, landform and geological sedimentation were the key factors to control the water-rich of the aquifer directly and the water inflow from the working face.     

淮南朱集西井田第二含煤段煤层对比研究

淮南朱集西井田二叠系含煤地层可划分为7个含煤段,下石盒子组为第二含煤段共含煤10层,其中4-1、402、5-1、7—8煤层为可采煤层。根据井田大量地质资料,采用标志层法、古生物法结合物性特征、煤质特征对第二含煤段可采煤层进行划分对比。4煤组中4-1、4-2均为较稳定的中厚煤层,距4-1,煤层下约13m的铝质泥岩是对比本煤组的主要依据;5煤组中5-1,煤下1m左右常见0．5m薄煤层,在39线以西常合并为一层,以此为特征区别于其他煤组：7-2为较稳定煤层,其视电阻率曲线特征呈单峰形态,长源距伽马曲线顶部靠下有一小台阶,本煤组距8煤层15m左右,间距较稳定,也可作为对比标志层;8煤层顶板富含植物化石,以常见较完整的椭圆斜羽叶及栉羊齿富集为特征,8煤层视电阻率幅值为第二含煤段最高,长源距伽马曲线常呈不对称状态,顶部曲线幅值常低于底板而明显区别于其他煤层。     

太行山东麓含煤区构造特征与深部找煤方向

太行山东麓含煤区以中生代末期以来的伸展构造变形为主导,煤系埋深自西向东逐渐加大,沿太行山前呈NNE向条带状展布。区内构造样式丰富,以NE、NNE向正断层组合为特征。其深部控煤构造样式主要为两类堑垒构造组合和掀斜断块组合两类。通过研究区构造组合的分析,掌握了太行山东麓含煤区煤田构造的特征,为老矿区外围深部找煤提供了依据。     

中国煤田构造研究现状与展望

中国煤田地质的显著特点是煤盆地类型多样、煤系后期改造明显、构造样式丰富,从而在很大程度上决定了煤炭资源开发利用的价值。进入新世纪以来,我国煤田构造研究取得的主要成果包括：①煤田构造的区域地质背景研究取得重大进展;②中国东部盆地动力学与构造控煤作用受到关注;③煤田滑脱构造研究的继续——控煤构造样式的划分;④煤变形-变质作用的构造控制研究愈加深入;⑤以三维地震技术为代表的煤田构造高精度探测技术全面推广应用;⑥矿井构造定量评价和预测已成为煤田构造研究的亮点。通过回顾总结我国煤田构造研究历史和主要成就,分析了当前面临的挑战和机遇,提出了今后一段时期的重点攻关目标。     

滕县煤田张汪勘探区找煤可行性研究

通过对滕东预测区地层、构造、岩浆岩等地质条件的分析,论证了张汪勘探区3煤层赋存的可能性。根据3下煤层顶板砂岩分布特征,排除了同生冲刷作用对3下煤层的影响;区域构造对3煤层埋藏起到保护作用;根据岩浆岩在邻区的分布,分析了岩浆侵入对3煤层的影响;利用南沙河勘探区、田陈井田、许楼井田钻探资料,推测了本区3煤层厚度,估算煤层埋深在-1200m以浅、-1200～-1500m的资源量合计15950万t,有单独建井的前景,建议进一步开展工作,为煤炭资源的开发提供准确的地质资料。     

河东煤田地史—热史模拟与煤变质演化

河东煤田是华北石炭二叠纪重要煤田之一．本文采用盆地数值模拟方法,建立了煤田地史一热史模型,恢复了煤变质演化历程,总结出煤级分布规律。     

等性块段指数法的应用与推广

等性块段指数法是中国地质大学(武汉)詹才高等于1985年创立的,用构造指数和煤层指数定量划分井田勘探类型。本文阐述等性块段指数法的计算方法;较划分煤田勘探类型的其它方法,具有突出的优点及实际应用效果。并提出在我省煤田地质勘探中推广应用的建议。     

兖州煤田村镇饮用水水质评价

兖州煤田是我国重要的煤炭能源基地之一,区内煤炭资源丰富,煤质优良,煤炭资源的大规模开发极大地促进了鲁南地区乃至全省经济的快速发展,但也产生了一系列负面影响如地面塌陷、地裂缝、水环境污染、水源地破坏等地质环境问题。兖州煤田分布区地处汶泗河冲积扇地下水富水区,是农村经济发达、人口密集分布区。煤炭开采规模的不断扩大,使得周边地下水和土壤环境造成了严重污染,部分地区村镇饮用水水质已成为制约其生产发展和生活改善的难题。通过兖州煤田村镇饮用水水质调查分析,掌握区内村镇饮用水水质状况和地域分布,提出保证村镇饮用水水质安全和水源地保护的措施与建议,对于改善煤田居民饮水与健康状况,提高生活质量,构建和谐社会具有重要现实意义。