南海东沙岛西南大陆坡内潮特征

2008年4月-10月,在南海东沙岛西南大陆坡底部布放了1套全剖面锚系,同时沿大陆坡底部布放了3套近底锚系,应用谱分析和调和分析方法分析温度和海流连续观测资料,进而研究该海域的内潮特征.结果表明,东沙岛西南大陆坡存在强内潮现象,大陆坡底部温度变化受到内潮波的影响,上层海洋存在强日潮周期的内潮波振动;正压潮和斜压潮均以O...     

东沙群岛西南海区泥火山的地球物理特征

多道反射地震和CHIRP浅地层剖面显示在南海东沙群岛西南陆坡和白云凹陷东部陆坡之间的深水(600~1 000m)陆坡上矗立着一系列高出周围海底50~100m的丘形地质体,其内部地层发生褶皱,反射波呈现杂乱和空白,海底声波屏蔽严重。浅地层剖面还显示丘状构造带有气体羽状构造,从海底进入水体高达50m。海底沉积取样分析表明,这些海丘区的表层分布着生物成因的致密碳酸盐结核。可以推断东沙西南的丘形地质体就是泥火山带,并且可能是一个重要的水合物潜在区。东沙西南海区泥火山表现出构造挤压和带状分布的特点,不同于南海北部神狐和九龙甲烷礁已发现水合物区的非泥火山,也不同于全球其他典型被动大陆边缘的泥火山特征,其构造成因和水合物潜力有待进一步研究。     

Analysis on coral reefs mapping using SPOT5 data at the Dongsha Atoll

Coral reefs are an sensitive-to-environment complex marine ecosystem. The ecosystem of corals is rich in biodiversity. Remote sensing offers a powerful tool for categorizing coral reefs and is the most cost-effective approach for the large-scale reef survey. The Dongsha Atoll, more than 300 km2 with an average depth of 10 m, is located at the northern continental margin of the South China Sea. It has been abused by destructive fishing during recent decades. Three satellite imageries (Quickbird2, ETM and SPOT5) are used to evaluate the capabilities of SPOT5 imagery to provide data that are useful for categorizing the current distribution of coral reefs therein. During the data processing, unsupervised classification functions are adopted for ETM and SPOT5 data, while the supervised classification method is used for Quickbird2. The classes are (or not) merged into coral reef, and then will be operated by vectorization, simplification, and topological analysis. There are 1 331 coral reefs larger than 100 m2 with a detection limit of 3×3 pixels at the multi-band data of Quickbird2, which is taken as the comparison baseline. The results extracted from SPOT5 and ETM images are less in number and area than those from the Quickbird2 image, whereas the results from SPOT5 data are better than those of ETM data at the silty lagoon due to its higher resolution. SPOT5 XS band 2 fails to distinguish the deep substrate inside the atoll compared with ETM data because of its poor penetration capability. Only SPOT XS band 1 cannot be used to differentiate coral reef from sand bottom. Merging the SPOT5 multi-bands data with the spatial resolution of SPOT5 pan-data and referring to ETM imagery are expected to provide an optimal satellite-based approach for mapping of coral reefs.     

不同前处理方法对东沙底质沉积物土粒相对密度的影响

通过采用不同方法对东沙底质沉积物进行了土粒相对密度分析前处理,以探讨东沙底质沉积物中可溶盐、碳酸盐和有机质对其土粒相对密度的影响。结果表明,去除盐、碳酸盐和有机质后,东沙底质沉积物土粒相对密度明显降低,其中可溶盐对其土粒相对密度的影响最大。有机质含量的变化与东沙底质沉积物土粒相对密度变化的关系较大,呈负相关;而可溶盐和碳酸盐含量的变化与东沙底质沉积物土粒相对密度变化的关系则很小。     

Movement similarity assessment using symbolic representation of trajectories

This article describes a novel approach for finding similar trajectories, using trajectory segmentation based on movement parameters (MPs) such as speed, acceleration, or direction. First, a segmentation technique is applied to decompose trajectories into a set of segments with homogeneous characteristics with respect to a particular MP. Each segment is assigned to a movement parameter class (MPC), representing the behavior of the MP. Accordingly, the segmentation procedure transforms a trajectory to a sequence of class labels, that is, a symbolic representation. A modified version of edit distance called normalized weighted edit distance (NWED) is introduced as a similarity measure between different sequences. As an application, we demonstrate how the method can be employed to cluster trajectories. The performance of the approach is assessed in two case studies using real movement datasets from two different application domains, namely, North Atlantic Hurricane trajectories and GPS tracks of couriers in London. Three different experiments have been conducted that respond to different facets of the proposed techniques and that compare our NWED measure to a related method.     

论天山古洋盆关闭的地质时限——来自伊宁地块石炭系的新证据

天山古洋盆关闭的地质时限倍受地质界关注,久有泥盆纪晚期或石炭纪初期,石炭纪晚期以及二叠纪期间3种分歧。由残余盆地恢复原型盆地,是造山带古洋盆恢复的基础,钙碱系列火成岩可作为古洋盆恢复的重要证据。伊宁地块石炭纪的残余盆地沉积记录、火山岩建造、侵入岩特征、化石组合及古生物地理区系分布特征、地层接触关系及构造变形特征等新成果证实,以区内阿克沙克组与伊什基里克组间广泛而明显的区域性角度不整合面(鄯善运动)为界,下石炭统钙碱性系列火山岩-沉积地层组合发育复杂的不协调褶曲,尖棱褶皱,强烈的揉皱和区域性韧性断层,产出于南方型热带-亚热带古生物地理区系,为区域性挤压构造体制下的岛弧-弧后盆地建造,是塔里木板块的主要组成部分,而上石炭统碱性系列双峰式火山岩及沉积地层组合则是典型的北方型温带古生物地理区的大陆裂谷火山-沉积建造,构造变形极弱,形成于区域性伸展构造环境,是准噶尔板块与塔里木板块缝合后的陆内建造。基于这些新的资料和分析,天山古洋盆的关闭时限是早石炭世晚期。     

安徽庐枞火山岩盆地与邻区基底构造变形、形成演化及其对矿床分布的控制

本文简略分析了庐枞火山岩盆地形成的地质构造背景及火山岩盆地内两个重要不整合界面,两类不同性质断裂的特征。文中详细论述了庐枞及邻区印支期褶皱基底中两期叠加褶皱变形特征及其对地层序列与空间展布的控制。介绍了区内印支期金子运动与南象运动的存在表现及争议。根据近期在巢湖、和县一带普遍发现东马鞍山组与南陵湖组间不整合接触关系,进一步肯定了金子运动的存在,从而探讨了印支期两期褶皱变形形成的运动学基础及可能形成的动力学条件。在对上述成矿背景重新认识的基础上,总结了区内三类矿床的成矿特征及找矿方向(与火山岩有关的铁矿、与中酸性侵入岩有关的斑岩型铜矿及铅锌矿、接触交代型与层控型铁铜矿)。强调了燕山期构造,特别是断裂构造对岩浆侵入、火山活动及与其相关成矿作用的控制,并对区内典型矿床的控岩控矿构造条件作了论述。     

基于遥感图像特征的复杂沟系中泥石流的运动及动力学特征分析

根据卫星遥感图像特征,分析了河北省太行山区复杂沟系泥石流的运动及动力学特征,提出了泥石流在支沟中是匀变速(加速)运动,在主沟中是脉冲式运动。阐述了主沟中的脉冲式运动方式是由泥石流能量(动力)积累与释放交替演变的结果,而能量的积累与释放是由主沟两侧地质环境条件所决定的     

南海北缘东部揭阳凹陷的东沙运动:对油气成藏的影响

东沙运动为新近纪中晚期以来发生于南海北缘的一次构造运动,影响范围主要为东沙隆起及其周缘,对油气的晚期成藏具有重要作用.揭阳凹陷位于东沙隆起东侧,东沙运动的响应明显,且具有一定特殊性.基于区域地质背景和三维地震资料,对东沙运动在揭阳凹陷的响应、起因及油气地质意义进行了论述.东沙运动在揭阳凹陷的响应主要包括走滑断层和地层角...     

基于运动学原理的滑坡运动距离预测方法研究

本文基于滑坡自身形态特征以及场地因素,运用运动学原理推导出滑坡滑动距离预测计算公式,并通过收集44例典型降雨型滑坡基础数据,对该计算模型进行结果和过程两种方法的非线性拟合,最后,利用实例滑坡对计算模型进行对比分析及适用性检验。结果表明：推导的运动学公式计算结果与44例典型降雨型滑坡实际滑动距离经过结果和过程拟合后,其相关系数分别为0.926和0.928,拟合结果较好;利用推导的理论公式计算红桃山滑坡的滑动距离为83.16m,其计算结果比实际滑动距离89.37m小,绝对误差6.21m,相对误差6.95%,采用结果拟合方法后滑体的滑动距离与实际值的绝对误差6.07m,相对误差6.80%,而过程拟合则与实际值的绝对误差3.52m,相对误差3.94%,表明公式经拟合后适用性良好。该研究成果对滑坡运动距离的预测提供一种新途径。