中非Muglad盆地Sufyan凹陷现今地层残余结构特征与成因

盆地(或凹陷)结构是由盆地构造与沉积演化决定的,因此分析恢复中非Muglad盆地Sufyan凹陷构造与沉积演化过程对于认识该凹陷现今残余结构具有重要的作用。本文通过对该凹陷现今结构特征描述、地层不整合面识别与剥蚀量恢复以及构造沉降和沉积充填历史恢复,并结合区域构造演化分析,对该凹陷现今结构几何学特征、运动学过程与动力学成因及控油作用进行了研究。结果表明:Sufyan凹陷现今地层剖面主要由第一裂谷作用旋回的沉积构成。该旋回期地层约占凹陷现今沉积地层厚度的79%～81%。凹陷现今残余结构主要受三期裂谷作用差异演化控制,而受晚白垩世挤压剥蚀(厚度介于0～360m之间)的影响较小。造成凹陷三期裂谷旋回差异演化的主要原因是三期伸展应力来源、大小、方向的差异。诱发凹陷第一裂谷旋回期的应力主要来源于由中非剪切带的剪切应力转换的伸展应力。第二裂谷旋回期,中非剪切带运动方向由右旋逐渐转为左旋,造成该凹陷位置的伸展应力场减弱,并逐渐转为挤压状态,使得该演化阶段早期沉积的地层(Darfur群)后期发生反转剥蚀减薄。在该凹陷第三裂谷旋回期,东非裂谷成为非洲大陆新的构造活动区域。受此影响,中非剪切带活动逐渐停止,而红海裂谷张开产生伸展应力场与该凹陷长轴近平行,造成第三期断坳旋回在该凹陷几乎不发育,最终使该凹陷现今早断早衰型残余结构得以形成。该结构控油作用主要体现在主力成藏组合与油气优势运移方向方面。早衰型结构造成了Sufyan凹陷中组合和上组合成藏条件不佳,其下组合Abu Gabra(简称AG,下同)组自生自储自盖型成藏组合为该凹陷的主力成藏组合。挤压反转造成中部构造带形成构造高部位,成为了凹陷油气二次运移的主要指向,是凹陷油气勘探的有利区带。     

东濮凹陷盐湖相原油氮/氧化合物分布特征及其应用

东濮凹陷盐湖相原油中杂原子化合物研究薄弱。采用高分辨率质谱技术、结合色谱-质谱,对东濮凹陷盐湖相、淡水湖相原油、烃源岩中的含氮、氧化合物进行了检测。结果表明,原油中含有丰富的氮、氧化合物, N₁、O₁和O₂占绝对优势;随成熟度增加,N₁和O₁类化合物相对丰度增加、O₂类化合物相对丰度降低、氮/氧化合物的缩合度增加、烷基侧链碳数范围降低,提出了多项氮、氧化合物的成熟度辅助识别指标,建立了DBE₁₅/DBE₉-N₁和DBE₁₅⁺/DBE₁₄^--N₁与折算镜质体反射率之间的定量关系式。通过对氮、氧化合物的油-油、油-岩对比,认为东濮凹陷盐湖相原油主要来自成熟烃源岩。基于高分辨率质谱的氮、氧化合物具有重要的成熟度评价、油源对比、油气运移示踪的应用前景。     

准噶尔盆地玛18井区百口泉组基准面旋回及其对砂体的控制

三叠系百口泉组是新疆油田的主要储集层之一。应用高分辨率层序地层学基准面旋回原理,依据4 口井的岩芯资 料、122 口井的录井、测井等资料,对准噶尔盆地玛湖西斜坡玛18 井区百口泉组各级次基准面旋回界面进行了系统分析, 将百口泉组划分为1 个长期基准面旋回的上升半旋回、3 个中期基准面旋回和18 个短期基准面旋回层序。百口泉组下部发 育扇三角洲前缘亚相,上部发育前扇三角洲亚相。基准面旋回内砂体特征研究表明：百口泉组底部,可容纳空间增长速率 与沉积物供给通量的比值远远小于1 （A/S≤1）,水下分流河道砂体大面积连片展布,主要以进积的切叠式为主;百口泉组 中部,随着基准面上升,A/S 增加,砂体以接触式分布;百口泉组上部,河水动力减弱,河道砂体进一步向后退积,发育 远砂坝砂体,砂体以孤立式分布为特征。长期旋回的早中期发育水下分流河道砂体形成了主要的岩性储集砂体;末期湖侵 作用形成的湖泛泥岩为油气圈闭提供了良好的盖层。     

Orbital cyclicity in sedimentary sequence and climatic indications of C-O isotopes from Lower Cretaceous in Qingxi Sag,Jiuquan Basin,NW China

Sedimentary deposits of the Lower Cretaceous Xiagou Formation form the most significant potential hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Qingxi Sag, Jiuquan Basin(NW China). Zircon U-Pb ages of the dated basalts at the top of the Xiagou Formation give an isochron age of 115.6 Ma, and the sedimentation interval of the Xiagou Formation was speculated to range from about 125/124 Ma to 115 Ma based on paleontological research and stratigraphic correlation analysis. Here we use GR logging data as a palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic proxy to conduct a detailed cyclostratigraphic study of five selected wells. Power spectra, evolutionary fast Fourier transformation and wavelet analysis all reveal significant sedimentary cycles in the Xiagou Formation. The ratios of cycle wavelengths in these stratigraphic units are 33.82 m : 7.91 m : 3.06 m : 1.79 m, which is similar to the ratio of orbital targets of 20 : 5 : 2 : 1. The ratio of 20 : 5 : 2 : 1 is interpreted as Milankovitch cycles of 405 kyr long eccentricity,100 kyr short eccentricity, 37 kyr obliquity, and 22 kyr precession cycles respectively. A high-resolution astronomical time scale is constructed by tuning the stratigraphy into target curves of orbital cycles respectively. Based on the astronomical time scale, the absolute ages of 55 samples were estimated,which are used for subsequent stable carbon and oxygen isotope stratigraphy analysis. The analysis results of the five studied wells in the Qingxi Sag indicate:(1) a negative trend of δ~(13)C values upwards in the Xiagou Formation, and(2) negative δ~(18)O values with a positive trend upwards. Both relatively heavy values and pronounced covariances of δ~(13)C values and δ~(18)O values indicate an arid-evaporationcontrolled climate during the sedimentary period of the Lower Cretaceous Xiagou Formation, Qingxi Sag, Jiuquan Basin. Moreover, positive covariances of SQK_1g_(2+3) indicate extremely high temperature, and negative covariances of SQK_1g_1 indicate a relatively low temperature.     

Discovery of Hesigewula Sag on the western margin of Da Hinggan Mountains in China and its significance in petroleum geology

With Songliao Basin in northeast China entering the middle-late stage of the exploration and development of oil and gas resources, it is urgent to open up new areas for oil and gas exploration on the periphery of the basin. Five sedimentary sags have been discovered in the western margin of the Da Hinggan Mountains through high-precision gravity, magnetic, and electrical prospecting engineering. According to the conditions of the 5 sags such as buried depth, area, and the scale of source rock, Hesigewula Sag was preferentially selected to deploy two-dimensional seismic prospecting and drilling. As a result, the stratigraphic distribution and structure of Hesigewula Sag were preliminarily ascertained, the main sedimentary facies developed in Aershan Formation-Tengger Formation of the Lower Cretaceous was summarized, and the assessment parameters of source rock of Hesigewula Sag were obtained. According to the research results, the Hesigewula Sag can be divided into 3 second-order tectonic units including the western bulge, the central sag, and the eastern bulge respectively, and the sag was formed mainly subject to the west fractures. Three sedimentary facies including fan delta facies, braided river delta facies, and lacustrine facies have been identified in the Aershan Formation-Tengger Formation of the sag. The source rock in the first member and second member of Tengger Formation in the sag features high abundance of organic matter, meeting the standards of good source rocks. The kerogen of the source rock is mainly of type II₁ – II₂. The organic matter in the source rock is characterized by low maturity and it entered the evolution stage of low maturity from the second member of Tengger Formation. Furthermore, Hesigewula Sag bears a strong similarity to other petroliferous sags in Erlian Basin in structure, sedimentation, source rock, and other characteristics. Therefore, it can be preliminarily determined that Hesigewula Sag boasts great potential for oil and gas resources.     

阳信洼陷火成岩与CO2气成藏关系

通过对阳信洼陷火成岩发育和分布特征的分析、岩石矿物包裹体主挥发分和气藏组分含量的比较、火成岩的发育时代和岩石类型的不同所造成的含气性差异的分析,说明了火成岩与CO2气成藏的关系;研究表明阳信洼陷的CO2气主要为幔源无机成因气,幔源CO2气成藏受断裂活动和岩浆活动的控制,深大断裂的活动为岩浆活动创造了条件,岩浆是CO2气运移成藏的载体,火成岩的发育和分布为CO2气成藏提供了保障;结合阳信洼陷隐伏火山口的发育特征,采用幔源^3He通量法和CO2通量法对阳信洼陷CO2气的资源量进行了估算,为该区CO2气资源的勘探打下了基础。     

歧口凹陷新生代构造演化与油气

歧口凹陷是地壳拆离断层(NE-NNE向沧东断层)NW-SE向伸展作用和NNE向深断裂带走滑作用叠加的产物.新生代演化分为3个时期:始新世,由于NW-SE向区域伸展作用,凹陷是一个由沧东断层控制的断坡凹陷;渐新世,凹陷受NW-SE向区域伸展和NNE向深断裂带右旋走滑的共同作用;晚第三纪到第四纪,区域伸展作用基本停止,走滑作用仍在继续,由走滑作用导致的SN向局部伸展作用显得更加突出.构造演化对凹陷油气形成和分布有控制作用,凹陷西部和南部是有利的油气勘探区.     

泌阳凹陷核三段地震沉积学研究

泌阳凹陷深凹区核三段发育辫状河三角洲、滑塌浊积扇及近岸水下扇砂体,受到技术方法和研究手段的限制,沉积相分布范围不明确,尤其是对滑塌浊积扇砂体不能进行详细的刻画。在地震沉积学理论指导下,首先采用提高分辨率、相位调整等技术将叠后三维资料调整到适合地震沉积学研究的最佳状态,然后利用地层切片技术,制作了展现沉积微相分布和沉积演化过程的切片数据体,最后综合分析岩心、录井、测井等资料,对典型地层切片进行沉积砂体的精细解释,预测了沉积相在时空上的展布和演变,为该凹陷寻找滑塌浊积扇等隐蔽油气藏提供了较为可靠的依据。     

南海北部渐新世末的构造事件

ODP1148站以及珠江口盆地沉积物均记录了渐新世末发生的重大地质构造事件, 这一构造事件在时间上与南海扩张轴发生跳跃的时间十分吻合, 是渐新世以来南海构造演化史上最为重大的构造事件, 涉及到南海扩张、盆地类型转化、沉积物源变迁等一系列相关联的重大地质事件.伴随这一地质构造事件, 南海北部沉积物成分发生剧烈改变, 出现渐新世-中新世地球化学成分上的跳跃, 在深海沉积中发生沉积间断及滑塌事件, 并使珠江口盆地由断陷型盆地转为坳陷型盆地, 白云凹陷由渐新世晚期的浅水陆架环境转为中新世以后的深水陆坡环境.可以认为, 这次构造运动奠定了我国现代的地理格局, 也标志着我国东部陆相盆地最佳烃源岩形成期的结束, 在南海乃至东亚地区影响深远.      

Classification and origin of natural gases from Lishui Sag,the East China Sea Basin

Natural gases discovered up to now in Lishui Sag,the East China Sea Basin,differ greatly in gaseous compositions,of which hydrocarbon gases amount to 2%―94%while non-hydrocarbon gases are dominated by CO2.Their hydrocarbon gases,without exception,contain less than 90%of methane and over 10%of C2 heavier hydrocarbons,indicating a wet gas.Carbon isotopic analyses on these hydrocarbon gases showed thatδ13C 1 ,δ13C 2 andδ13C 3 are basically lighter than-44‰,-29‰and-26‰, respectively.The difference in carbon isotopic values between methane and ethane is great,suggesting a biogenic oil-type gas produced by the mixed organic matter at peak generation.δ13C CO2 values of nonhydrocarbon gases are all heavier than-10‰,indicating a typical abiogenic gas.The simulation experiment on hydrocarbon generation of organic matter in a closed gold-tube system showed that the proportion of methane in natural gases produced by terrigenous organic matter in the Lingfeng Formation marine deposit is obviously higher than that in natural gases derived from the aquatic and terrigenous mixed organic matter in the Yueguifeng Formation lacustrine deposit,consequently the proportion of heavier hydrocarbons of the former is remarkably lower than that of the latter.Moreover, δ13C 1 values of natural gases produced by terrigenous organic matter in the Lingfeng Formation marine deposit are about 5‰heavier than those of natural gases derived from the aquatic and terrigenous mixed organic matter in the Yueguifeng Formation lacustrine deposit whileδ13C 2 andδ13C 3 values of the former are over 9‰heavier than those of the latter.Currently the LS36-1 oil-gas pool is the only commercial oil-gas reservoir in Lishui Sag,where carbon isotopic compositions of various hydrocarbon components differ greatly from those of natural gases produced by the Lingfeng Formation organic matter but are very similar to those of natural gases derived from the Yueguifeng Formation organic matter,therefore,natural gases in the LS36-1 oil-gas pool are mainly derived from the Yueguifeng Formation lacustrine source rock rather than the Lingfeng Formation marine or Mingyuefeng Formation coal-measures source rocks.