Use of an optical oxygen sensor to measure dissolved oxygen in seawater

The use of an optical oxygen sensor to measure dissolved oxygen in seawater was investigated. The sensor is based on the dynamic quenching of an oxygen-sensitive fluorochrome embedded in the tip. Dissolved oxygen in seawater samples collected from eight stations at depths ranging from 3000 to 6000 m was analyzed both with the optical sensor and by the Winkler titration method. The two sets of data did not differ significantly. The stability and simplicity of the method and the good agreement of the results with those of the titration method indicate that the sensor would be useful for fieldwork.     

北戴河近岸海域表层沉积物重金属分布特征及污染评价

分析了北戴河近岸海域表层沉积物重金属含量和空间分布特征,利用修正综合指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对其污染程度进行了评价。结果表明,该区表层沉积物重金属平均含量较低,高值区主要分布在西南角和东北角河口,低值区主要分布在中部;区内重金属污染程度总体上处于较低至中等等级,污染相对明显的为人造河口、石河口和秦皇岛城区近岸海域。相对而言,Hg是主要的致污元素。     

河南赵岭构造蚀变岩型金矿床微量元素地球化学特征

赵岭金矿床是典型的受构造控制的构造蚀变岩型金矿床,位于外方山断隆与旧县-大章断陷盆地结合部位的东部.构造活动的多期性形成了构造岩的复杂性.脉动式、幔涌式的成矿作用导致金矿体在走向上、倾向上都具侧列再现、相互叠加等组合特征.每一次的脉动和幔涌形成的金矿体都表现了各自的地球化学特征和元素组合特征,成矿微量元素在垂向上具有各自的规律性.为本区的地质找矿提供了一个明显的找矿标志.     

胶州湾及青岛近海表层沉积物重金属赋存形态研究

2008年11月和2010年11月分别在青岛近海6个站位和胶州湾9个站位采集了表层沉积物样品,应用连续提取法分离和测定其主要成分和重金属的赋存形态。结果表明,易还原态的重金属受铁锰氧化物体系显著影响,其中镍的迁移过程基本受控于该体系,有机结合态的铬和钡迁移变化受有机质一定影响,其他形态重金属主要受外源输入影响。Pb和Cr存在显著富集,相对其他金属污染较明显。Pb的生态风险最高。胶州湾东部,尤其是李村河口附近重金属污染程度和不稳定性都最为明显。     

Distribution and source of heavy metals in the surface sediments from the near-shore area,north Jiangsu Province,China

Samples of surface sediment and vibrocore were collected in the near-shore area of north Jiangsu Province for grain size, elements, ²¹⁰Pb_excess and ¹³⁷Cs analyses. In our study area, the diversity of metal concentration was controlled not by the grain size, but by the source. The element content of the old Yellow River Delta was used as baseline for our study area. Geoaccumulation indexes indicate that no station was polluted by Cu, Pb, Zn and As, but the I_geo values of As were close to zero in some stations. Slight pollution caused by Cd was observed in some stations. Correlation and enrichment factors suggest that Cu, Pb and Zn are lithogenic in origin, while As and Cd are mixed in origin. Especially, in some polluted stations Cd was obviously anthropogenic in origin.     

Trace element and REE geochemistry of the Zhewang gold deposit,southeastern Guizhou Province,China

The quartz vein-type gold deposits are widely hosted by the Neoproterozoic （Xiajiang Group） epimeta- morphic clastic rock series in southeastern Guizhou Province, China. The Zhewang gold deposit studied in this paper occurs in the second lithologieal member of the Pinglue Formation of the Xiajiang Group. Trace element geochemis- try of host rocks, quartz veins and arsenopyrite has revealed that ore-forming fluid was enriched in sulphophile ele- ments such as Au, Ag, As, Sb, Pb and Zn, and simultaneously concentrated some magmaphile elements such as W and Mo, which probably provides some evidence for multi-stage mineralization or overprinting of magmatic hydro- therm. Quartz veins and arsenopyrite were characterized by depletion in HFSE and enrichment in LREE. Hf/Sm, Nb/La and Th/La imply that the ore-forming fluid was probably a NaC1-H20 solution system enriched in more C1 than F; Th/U values reflect the strong reducibility of the ore-forming fluid, coincident with the sulfide assemblages. The values of Co/Ni reflect that magmatic fluids may have partly participated in the ore-forming process and Y/Ho values have proved that the ore-forming fluid was associated with metamorphism and exotic hydrotherm which has reformed former quartz veins during late mineralization. The concentrations of REE, Eu anomalies and Ce anomalies of this deposit display that ore-forming elements mainly were derived from host rocks and possibly from a mixed deep source, and the ore-forming fluid was mixed by dominant metamorphic fluid and minor other sources. The physical-chemical conditions of ore-forming fluid changed from the initial stage to the late stage. The metamorphic fluid is responsible for the mineralization. Therefore, the Zhewang gold deposit is classified as a quartz vein-type gold deposit which may have been reformed by magmatic fluids during the late stage.     

全球不同构造环境蛇纹岩全岩和矿物微量元素组成及非传统稳定同位素(Fe-Zn-Cu同位素)特征

蛇纹岩对地球深部和浅部的元素循环以及氧化还原状态调节具有非常重要的作用。蛇纹岩中的流体活动性元素(fluid-mobile element, FME)是揭示地幔岩石水化、脱水以及元素循环的关键。本文系统收集和分析了前人报道的不同构造环境的蛇纹岩矿物化学、全岩微量元素和非传统稳定同位素(Fe、Zn、Cu)的组成特征,试图从多个角度总结蛇纹岩脱水过程的元素迁移规律及流体性质。蛇纹岩主要矿物蛇纹石微量元素含量具有以下主要特征：(1)不同变质程度的蛇纹岩中的蛇纹石既包含轻稀土元素(light rare earth element, LREE)富集,又包含LREE亏损的特征;(2)纤蛇纹石的REE和微量元素分布在利蛇纹石和叶蛇纹石的范围内,利蛇纹石重稀土元素(heavy rare earth element, HREE)整体上略高于叶蛇纹石且更加富集FME;(3)通过中度不相容元素与REE含量相结合,能够较好地区分橄榄石和辉石蛇纹石化所形成的蛇纹石,即辉石形成的蛇纹石富集相容元素(如Sc、Zn、Cr、Y和Ti等)并具有较高的HREE,而橄榄石形成的蛇纹石则表现为平坦且整体较低的REE分布型式。在...     

Metallogenic age and fluid evolution of the Kangshan Au-polymetallic deposit in the southern margin of the North China Craton: Constraints from monazite U-Pb age,and in-situ trace elements and S isotopes of pyriteSCIEI北大核心CSCD

小秦岭-熊耳山金矿集区位于华北克拉通南缘,发育众多伴生铅锌银等金属的金矿,成为揭示克拉通破坏型金矿成因的天然实验室。产于小秦岭-熊耳山金矿集区内的康山金多金属矿床受控于北东向的中生代脆性断裂,赋存于新太古代变质岩和中元古代火山岩中。成矿过程可分为4个热液阶段:石英±黄铁矿阶段、石英-黄铁矿-黄铜矿-自然金阶段、多金属硫化物-自然金-石英-铁白云石阶段、石英-方解石±萤石阶段。本文获得康山金多金属矿床金成矿阶段热液独居石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为131.7±4.6Ma,与晚中生代华北克拉通破坏有关的岩浆热液成矿作用时代一致。本次研究开展的各阶段黄铁矿原位微量元素单点和扫面分析,发现第2阶段Au与Co、Ni、As呈正相关关系,且有明显的振荡环带,Cu、Ag、Sb、Pb、Bi这几种元素从黄铁矿颗粒的核部向边缘含量逐渐降低,且黄铁矿颗粒中出现富含这些元素的矿物包裹体,说明该阶段发生流体沸腾作用;而第3阶段黄铁矿中各微量元素含量为所有阶段中最低,黄铁矿无振荡环带且裂隙中有富含各微量元素的硫化物充填,说明各种元素在该阶段均得到充分卸载,且成矿流体的化学性质较稳定。结合前人关于该矿床各阶段流体包裹体分析结果,表明流体沸腾是Au的主要沉淀机制,而流体混合是Pb、Zn、Ag的主要沉淀机制。黄铁矿中微量元素含量指示,从第1阶段到第3阶段流体温度依次降低;第2和第3阶段流体fO2比第1阶段高且后两者相差不大。根据黄铁矿Co、Ni含量及比值的计算,认为第1和第2阶段黄铁矿为岩浆热液成因,第3阶段黄铁矿受围岩物质影响。黄铁矿原位S同位素分析得到第1至第3阶段黄铁矿δ34S分别为+6.6‰-+8.9‰、+5.0‰-+7.2‰和+6.0‰-+8.7‰,均与区域花岗岩类的S同位素值类似。综上所述,本文得出康山金多金属矿床形成于早白垩世与华北克拉通破坏有关的岩浆热液成矿作用。     

Metal binding by humic acids in recent sediments from the SW Iberian coastal area

The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, As, Mn and Co were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry both in recent sediments from different locations of the Huelva littoral (SW Iberian Peninsula) and in their humic acid (HA) fractions in order to evaluate distribution and binding capacity of those trace elements to HAs. In addition, elemental composition (C, N, S) and δ¹³C values were determined to appraise the sources of organic matter in the area. This study involved the comparison of selected samples taken from different environments including the estuary of the Guadiana River, the main fluvial system of the region, the Tinto and Odiel estuary system and the proximal shelf. Significant positive correlations were found among Cu, Zn, As and Pb in bulk sediments, suggesting a common origin of all of those elements: the mining activities and pyrite deposits located hinterland. On the other hand, results for Cr, Co and Ni pointed to the basic rocks from the low basin of the Guadiana River as their main source. Elemental (C, N) and isotopic (δ¹³C) composition of sediments indicated a significant contribution of autochthonous plankton in coastal shelf sediments, whereas estuarine and riverine sediments showed a major contribution of terrestrial biomass. Geochemical values for their corresponding HAs suggested a greater terrestrial contribution in the sedimentary OM of the coastal shelf sediments than in bulk sediments, which evidenced the influence of coastal currents and sediment fluxes. Humic acids sequester considerable amounts of Cu and Zn contributing to reduce the bioavailability of these contaminants.