地球参考框架ITRF2014结果分析

ITRF2014是地球参考系的最新实现。该框架利用正弦函数估计负荷对台站位置的季节性效应,与ITRF2008相比,可以得到更稳定、精确的速度场;另外,ITRF2014引入了震后形变模型,可以更好地分析测站的非线性运动。本文通过分析发现:ITRF2014其原点相较于ITRF2008,其符合精度为3.5 mm;两种技术(VLBI和SLR)在2010.0历元确定的尺度因子不符值为1.18 ppb;同时,局部测量解与空间大地测量解解算的本地连接向量仍存在较大不符。     

Geospatial technologies for Chang’e-3 and Chang’e-4 lunar rover missions

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a brief overview of the geospatial technologies developed and applied in Chang’e-3 and Chang’e-4 lunar rover missions. Photogrammetric mapping techniques were used to produce topographic products of the landing site with meter level resolution using orbital images before landing, and to produce centimeter-resolution topographic products in near real-time after landing. Visual positioning techniques were used to determine the locations of the two landers using descent images and orbital basemaps immediately after landing. During surface operations, visual-positioning-based rover localization was performed routinely at each waypoint using Navcam images. The topographic analysis and rover localization results directly supported waypoint-to-waypoint path planning, science target selection and scientific investigations. A GIS-based digital cartography system was also developed to support rover teleoperation.     

空间大地测量技术实测台站速度场精度分析

利用国际上3个著名的数据分析处理中心CSR、JPL和GSFC给出的3种空间大地测量技术实测的台站运动速度场数据,解算不同空间技术速度场之间的转换参数,即速度场之间的系统差。在扣除两两技术之间速度场的系统差后,用速度场残差计算了空间技术速度场之间的不符值加权中误差作为衡量不同空间技术实测台站速度场的外部检核指标,即外符精度。计算结果表明,VLBI和GPS实测台站地心速度已经达到1 mm/a的精度;SLR实测台站地心速度已经达到2 mm/a的精度。     

GRASS数据结构分析

详细分析了ＧＲＡＳＳ的三种数据结构，为设计ＧＲＡＳＳ与其它系统数据格式转换接口提供了基础。     

土层分层参数不确定时对二维工程场址地震动影响分析

工程场地地震安全性评价中计算二维复杂场地地震反应分析时,如采用一维等效线性化分析模型会带来较大的误差,而直接采用二维的非线性模型在技术上还存在一定的困难和不合理性。目前工程中多采用对一维分析结果进行二维修正的思想给出设计地震动及反应谱。然而在建立二维分析模型时,由于勘测条件的限制使模型建立出现很多不确定性。基于以往提出的二维复杂工程场址设计地震动的修正分析思想,建立了几种可能且工程认可的二维复杂场地模型,主要研究不同分层特征模型及土层剪切波速这一物理参数不确定时对设计地震动的影响,进一步考虑不同场地类别下,不同二维分层模型及土体物理参数对地震动的影响。根据分析结果提出了不同类别场地下,方便且合理建立二维复杂场地地震动分析模型的方法,为实际工程中模型的建立及参数的选取提供一些参考。     

Evolution of vegetation and climate since the last glacial maximum recorded at Dahu peat site, South China

Sporopollen analysis on a 346 cm peat record at Dahu, Jiangxi, chronologically constrained by 16 AMS 14C datings, provides an opportunity to reconstruct the vegetation evolution stages responding to cli-mate change in South China since the last glacial maximum. The result shows that during 18330-15630 cal a B.P., broad-leaved forest dominated the area, corresponding to mild, cool and fairly humid climate. At the interval of 15630-11600 cal a B.P., several evergreen broad-leaved species appeared within the broad-leaved forest, indicating moderate and humid condition. During early Holocene, broad-leaved evergreen forest community was constructed as Castanopsis/Lithorcarpus principally developed, suggesting a warm and humid scenario until 6000 cal a B. P. Since 6000 cal a B. P., abrupt forest deterioration happened with an contemporary increase of fern and herb communities, repre-senting a turnover to relatively cool and dry condition and as well, possible impact from human activi-ties. Meanwhile, several relatively cool and dry events can be identified in the sporopollen record, they can be correlated to the North Atlantic Heinrich event, YD and Holocene millennial-scale oscillations, implying that the low latitude climate was coupled with high latitude influences. Moreover, the varia-tions of temperature and humidity since LGM at Dahu were much smaller when compared with the re-cords in north monsoonal China.     

Analysis and interpretation of the October 21, 1766 earthquake in the Southeastern Caribbean

The October 21, 1766 earthquake is the most widely felt event in the seismic history of Trinidad and Venezuela. Previous works diverged on the interpretation of the historical data available for this event. They associated the earthquake either with the Lesser Antilles subduction zone, with strike-slip motion along El Pilar fault, or with intraplate deformation at the edge of Guyana shield. Isoseismal areas are proposed after a new search and analysis of primary and secondary sources of historical information. Two of the largest earthquakes of the twentieth century which occurred in the region, the 1968 (M _S 6.4, h = 103 km), and the 1997 (M _W 6.9, h = 25 km) events, for which both intensity data and instrumentally determined source parameters are available, are used to calibrate the isoseismal areas and to interpret them in terms of source depth and magnitude. It is concluded that the large extent of intensity values higher than V is diagnostic of the depth (85 ± 20 km) of the 1766 source, and of local amplifications of ground motion due to soft soil conditions and to strong contrasts of impedance at the edge of Guyana shield. It is proposed that the event occurred either in slab, or close to the bottom lithospheric interface between the Caribbean and South American plates (∼11°N; ∼62.5°W). The value of the magnitude is estimated at 6.5 < M _S < 7.5 depending on the source depth and on the decay of ground motion as a function of distance. Deep and intermediate depth earthquakes can induce important casualties in Trinidad, Venezuela, and Guyana, possibly more damaging than those induced by shallower earthquakes along the strike of El Pilar Fault.     

Inelastic dynamic analysis of RC bridges accounting for spatial variability of ground motion,site effects and soil–structure interaction phenomena. Part 2: Parametric study

The methodology for dealing with spatial variability of ground motion, site effects and soil–structure interaction phenomena in the context of inelastic dynamic analysis of bridge structures, and the associated analytical tools established and validated in a companion paper are used herein for a detailed parametric analysis, aiming to evaluate the importance of the above effects in seismic design. For a total of 20 bridge structures differing in terms of structural type (fundamental period, symmetry, regularity, abutment conditions, pier‐to‐deck connections), dimensions (span and overall length), and ground motion characteristics (earthquake frequency content and direction of excitation), the dynamic response corresponding to nine levels of increasing analysis complexity was calculated and compared with the ‘standard’ case of a fixed base, uniformly excited, elastic structure for which site effects were totally ignored. It is concluded that the dynamic response of RC bridges is indeed strongly affected by the coupling of the above phenomena that may adversely affect displacements and/or action effects under certain circumstances. Evidence is also presented that some bridge types are relatively more sensitive to the above phenomena, hence a more refined analysis approach should be considered in their case. Copyright @ 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Introduction of structural aseismic research in China in recent four years

Introduction Greeting the coming of the 21st century, Professor HU Yu-xian and other Chinese scholars briefed the trend of earthquake engineering in China and aboard (HU, 1999; HU, ZHOU, 1999). The experiences and lessons learning from the destructive earthquakes in China and abroad in re-cent years, the damage action of the large velocity impulse in ground motion in near field in seis-mic design, numerous earthquake examples show that there are many weaknesses in aspects of earthquake p…     

滇西实验场两次中强地震前后尾波衰减的区域特征分析

本文在地方震尾波散理论模式的基础上，研究了１９９２年１２月发生在滇西地震预报实验场永胜期纳地区的两次Ｍｓ５．４，５．１地震前后的序列地震尾波振幅衰减率β和尾波Ｑ＾－１值随时间和空间变化的衰减特征。结果表明，尾波衰减率在空间分布上表现出明显的小区域范围的非均匀性，在主震震中附近的近场区内，主震期间的β值是０．００７６ｓ＾－１，相应的Ｑｃ＾－１值是０．００５６；余震期间的β值是０．０２０９ｓ＾－１，相