Numerical modelling of wave propagation in anisotropic soil using a displacement unit-impulse-response-based formulation of the scaled boundary finite element method

An efficient method for modelling the propagation of elastic waves in unbounded domains is developed. It is applicable to soil–structure interaction problems involving scalar and vector waves, unbounded domains of arbitrary geometry and anisotropic soil. The scaled boundary finite element method is employed to derive a novel equation for the displacement unit-impulse response matrix on the soil–structure interface. The proposed method is based on a piecewise linear approximation of the first derivative of the displacement unit-impulse response matrix and on the introduction of an extrapolation parameter in order to improve the numerical stability. In combination, these two ideas allow for the choice of significantly larger time steps compared to conventional methods, and thus lead to increased efficiency. As the displacement unit-impulse response approaches zero, the convolution integral representing the force–displacement relationship can be truncated. After the truncation the computational effort only increases linearly with time. Thus, a considerable reduction of computational effort is achieved in a time domain analysis. Numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy and high efficiency of the new method for two-dimensional soil–structure interaction problems.     

地表松软层对断层位错位移场的影响及其反演问题

本文讨论了地表松软层对断层位错位移场的影响。研究表明,在表层弹性波速较低,特别是在带厚的地表松软层的情况下,震中附近的地表位移幅度明显增大,地表位移幅度由近及远的衰减加快,也就是说地表松软层有使断层表观变浅的效应。利用带松软层的多层介质模型,由1966年邢台地震前后的大地测量资料反演了该地震系列的断层位错模式,反演得到了三个地震断层面。其它方面的证据也支持了存在有这三个活动地震断层的结论。     

GNSS数据在江苏地震前兆监测中的初步应用与研究

GPS数据具有高精度、高效率和低成本等特点,同时不易受观测环境的变化影响,因此它在监测地壳的应力场变化、大震前可能出现的短期前兆、地震过程中观测点位的瞬时变化、震后地壳的运动特征等方面,具有很大的应用前景。主要是利用江苏区域溧阳、南通和盐城三个GNSS观测站,根据GPS定位原理,利用GAMIT软件计算出这三个站在2010年6月至2013年8月的时间序列,从计算结果中看出,在这三年里,这三个GNSS站均向东南方向偏移,2011年3月11日的日本地震均对这三个站引起永久性的同震位移,这三个站观测数据在NS、EW和垂直方向上均呈现出较好的年变特征。这是GNSS数据在江苏地震前兆监测中的初步应用,同时也为江苏区域的地震预测研究提供一个新的辅助手段。     

基坑支护设计的弹性抗力法

本文对基坑支护设计中常用的设计方法作了评述 ,阐述了弹性抗力法的基本原理 ,对计算时土压力分布模式的选择问题和多支撑板桩墙计算模型位移协调问题给出了明确答案 ,最后通过实例分析阐明了采用弹性抗力法进行基坑支护设计的思路和步骤。     

Comparative mineralogy and geochemistry of hydrothermal iron‐rich crusts from the Pitcairn,Teahitia‐mehetia,and Macdonald hot spot areas of the S. W. pacific

Abstract

Hydrothermal iron‐rich crusts have been recovered from a number of hot spot volcanos including Crough Seamount, Pitcairn Volcanos 2 and 1, Cyana Seamount, Teahitia, Moua Pihaa, and Macdonald Seamount in the S. W. Pacific. Mineralogically, the crusts consists of ferrihydrite with traces of the weathering products of volcanic ash (feldspar, nontronite, pyroxene, and serpentinite). The iron oxyhydroxide phase has a mean particle size of 3–4 nm indicating rapid deposition. Electron microprobe studies have revealed the presence of filamentous iron‐silica deposits within the crusts reflecting the possible bacterial oxidation of iron from the hydrothermal fluids. The crusts display wide variability in composition both between individual sampling stations and between seamounts. Endmember analysis shows that the compositional data can be resolved into three endmembers: a Fe‐rich endmember, a light and heavy rare earth element endmember, and a Ba (barite)‐rich endmember. The Fe‐rich endmember appears to contain very low concentrations of most trace elements. For bulk samples, the composition of the iron‐rich crusts reflects dilution of the iron oxyhydroxide phase by volcanic ash and, to a lesser extent, a hydrogenous component. This is illustrated by the wide variability in SiO₂ (11.1–71.3%) and Mn (0.01–1.21%) contents of the crusts. For iron‐rich crusts containing greater than 40% Fe, the Pitcairn crusts display lower contents of Pb, Ba, Mo, U, Th, As, and rare earth elements (REE) and lower cerium anomalies than those from Teahitia. REE profiles of crusts from each of the hot spot volcanoes are characterized by small negative cerium anomalies but pronounced positive europium anomalies. The low average La/Fe ratios of the crusts from the various seamounts (47–572 X 10^‐6) and positive Eu anomalies of the crusts suggest rapid deposition of the iron oxyhydroxide near the hydrothermal vent. The high Fe/Mn ratio of vent fluids at hot spot volcanoes (8.5–5.6) may account for the formation of these iron‐rich crusts. The present data indicate that there may be differences in the nature of the iron‐rich crusts based on the depth of occurrence. This influences the temperature of the venting hydrothermal fluids and the possibility of occurrence of submarine phreatomagmatic eruptions.     

关系处理中要素重叠的自动判别

关系处理一直是自动制图综合中解决起来困难比较多的一个问题,而解决关系处理的前提则是要素重叠位置的自动识别。本文着重讨论数据库条件下进行要素重叠自动识别的方法及其在编图实践中的应用。     

关于深基坑水平位移监测方案的探讨

根据深基坑施工的特点 ,详细介绍了一种监测深基坑水平位移的可行方案。并给出了工程实例。     

用河北张家口台速度与位移记录测定近震震级的对比

对河北张家口台FBS-3宽频带大动态范围的数字化速度地震仪和DD—2短周期模拟位移地震仪所记录的河北张北地区的地震，利用速度和位移数据分别测定了近震震级并进行了对比分析。结果显示，在一定的震级范围内，这两种资料测定的震级基本一致，没有发现二者之间存在系统误差，标准误差也较小。可以认为，无论从其物理意义还是具体做法上，用速度测定的震级与由位移测定的震级之间能够保持较好的一致性和连续性。     

Broadband (0.05 to 20 s) prediction of displacement response spectra based on worldwide digital records

A new set of empirical equations for prediction of displacement response spectral ordinates from 20 Hz to T = 20 s is illustrated. The coefficients of the equations were obtained by regressing a dataset based on 1,155 tri-axial digital and 9 analog accelerometer records from 60 earthquakes worldwide. Long period disturbances in the accelerograms were evaluated and removed using a very recent method, aimed at preserving the long-period spectral content of the records. Analysis of variance has disclosed only little evidence for regional dependence of ground motions, while a carefully conducted evaluation of site effects resulted in clearly differentiated spectral amplification bands associated to the main ground types B, C, and D of Eurocode 8. Spectral ordinates for vibration periods >5 s were found to scale with magnitude quite consistently with theoretical scaling from Brune’s model. On the other hand, comparison of results with those yielded by recent prediction models in Europe and the United States (NGA), indicated that the latter may not be uniformly reliable at long periods. The proposed empirical equations are easily implemented in computer programs for seismic hazard assessment, being characterized by a simple functional form and a restricted number of predictor variables. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.