基于承载复合体的隧道位移反分析研究

初期支护与松动圈围岩的协调作用表现出很大的不确定性,其主要影响因素包括:初期支护施工本身导致初期支护的不均匀性,实际围岩的不确定性对初期支护的影响,围岩释放应力的不均匀性导致的初期支护内力分布的不确定性。文章把初期支护的支护和围岩自身自稳能力看成是双介质的承载复合体,采用最小二乘法建立目标函数,结合单纯形算法,进行初期支护与扰动区的联合位移反分析,充分揭示了初期支护与围岩松动圈之间的协调作用;结合实际工程与不考虑初期支护不确定性因素影响的反演分析进行对比,结果显示本文方法反演精度提高39％,预测精度提高了13％。     

岩石试件端面效应的变形局部化数值模拟研究

试件端面效应直接影响试件内的应力分布、试件破坏形式和剪切带图案。采用FLAC - 3D模拟了端面效应对岩石试件剪切带图案、速度场和位移场的影响。试样端部的缚束作用较强时 ,仅在试样中部出现X形的剪切带 ;反之 ,在试样端部出现了倾斜的剪切带。压头刚性越大 ,剪切带倾角越大。块体具有整体平移的特性 ,剪切带边缘位移梯度却较大 ,反映了块体沿剪切带发生滑动的剪切破坏本质。数值模拟结果可在众多的试验结果中找到佐证。     

三峡库区谭家河滑坡变形特征及影响因素研究

针对三峡库区滑坡这一地质灾害的特点,以库区谭家河滑坡为例,通过野外地质调研得到滑坡的变形特征和监测数据,结合滑坡的工程地质条件分析影响滑坡变形的两大因素：库水位和降雨。谭家河滑坡位于长江右岸,自三峡大坝蓄水以来滑坡变形更加明显,所以研究谭家河滑坡变形与库水位及降雨等诱发因素的关系是非常有必要的。研究表明：谭家河滑坡处于初始变形阶段,滑坡中部和后缘变形较快,表现为渐进推移式滑坡。谭家河滑坡在库水位和降雨叠加作用下变形更为显著,库水会软化土体,产生浮托力; 而降雨会降低滑带抗滑力,增加滑体总重度,增大下滑力和形成静水压力。特别是在库水位升高时,滑坡变形速率呈现突然增大,可认为谭家河滑坡是库水位抬升型滑坡。本文结合三峡库区库水位变化及降雨量,定量分析两者与滑坡变形的关系,有理有据,为以后滑坡的监测预警提供依据。     

Coupling of two methods,waveform superposition and numerical,to model blast vibration effect on slope stability in jointed rock masses

Drilling and blasting is a major technology in mining since it is necessary for the initial breakage of rock masses in mining. Only a fraction of the explosive energy is efficiently consumed in the actual breakage and displacement of the rock mass, and the rest of the energy is spent in undesirable effects, such as ground vibrations. The prediction of induced ground vibrations across a fractured rock mass is of great concern to rock engineers in assessing the stability of rock slopes in open pit mines. The waveform superposition method was used in the Gol-E-Gohar iron mine to simulate the production blast seismograms based upon the single-hole shot vibration measurements carried out at a distance of 39 m from the blast. The simulated production blast seismograms were then used as input to predict particle velocity time histories of blast vibrations in the mine wall using the universal distinct element code (UDEC). Simulated time histories of particle velocity showed a good agreement with the measured production blast time histories. Displacements and peak particle velocities were determined at various points of the engineered slope. The maximum displacement at the crest of the nearest bench in the X and Y directions was 26 mm, which is acceptable in regard to open pit slope stability.     

利用数字图像相关方法实现高速相机序列影像运动目标的快速跟踪

以数字图像相关方法为核心设计了一套应用于高速相机序列影像运动目标的跟踪方案,该方案首先在基准窗口周围以局域搜索方法获取目标点的整像素位移值,然后联合使用梯度算法和最小二乘算法估计目标点的亚像素位移值,从而获得目标点的像素坐标,实现对目标点的自动跟踪。本文应用该技术方案处理了构筑物振动台实验的高速相机视频测量影像数据,与商用软件PhotoModeler Scanner 相比,跟踪结果具有同等精度,在计算速度上有优势。     

依兰-伊通断裂方正段晚第四纪以来的构造活动及其地貌表现

方正断陷是位于依兰-伊通断裂中北部的一级负向构造单元,依兰-伊通断裂构成盆地边界的控堑断裂,在盆地中部发育走滑断裂(伊汉通断裂),与边界断裂一起构成统一的断裂系统。该中部断裂的最新活动在地貌上具有明显的表现,在卫星影像上显示出清晰的线性。笔者在高分辨率卫星影像解译的基础上,通过野外地质地貌观察测量等手段,分析认为此断裂为一长期活动断裂,普遍错断河流一级阶地,并有连续的断层陡坎展布,最新的活动时代为全新世,应该曾发生过7级以上地表破裂型地震。现今以右旋走滑运动为主,兼具垂向滑动分量,并且垂向上表现为枢纽断层的运动特征。这些结果与前人认为的依兰-伊通断裂晚第四纪以来活动性极弱,东北地区是我国构造最稳定的地区的结论似乎不甚相符。笔者认为还需要更深入的工作,以分析该断裂与盆地边界断裂的关系,并以科学的态度认识依兰-伊通断裂活动特征,充分认识其地震危险性。     

Precarious residence: Indigenous housing and the right to the city

Drawing on findings from a study of Indigenous housing in a regional Western Australian city, this paper examines the experiences of Indigenous peoples as a particular set of ‘right bearers’ within the right-to-the-city discourse. In settler-states, colonial discourses of absence, threat, and authenticity have informed policy frameworks that have militated against various Indigenous claims of belonging, rights, and aspiration in relation to urban places. Housing has been a representative domain of struggle in this respect. Consequently, today, Indigenous peoples have disproportionately high rates of dependence on more volatile and discriminatory forms of tenure than their non-Indigenous counterparts.The paper examines the incongruence between State aspirations to move (Indigenous) people along a housing continuum in urban environments, and the actual experiences of Indigenous urban residents, which fix discursively on barriers to such movements. It also traces the deleterious, displacing impacts for urban Indigenous households of the retreat of the State in its role as a landlord for the socio-economically disadvantaged, and in responding to market signals and particular sociological theses regarding poverty, with specific spatial logics. In so doing, we advance two interwoven arguments. First, we assert that Indigenous people face a unique precarity in the Australian urban housing system, which is a result of both colonial and racially discriminatory forces, and economically discriminating processes such as capital concentration and the commodification of land. Second, we contend that this precarity sets many Indigenous people on housing career trajectories that are antithetical to policy intentions.     

Simulations of Vertical and Horizontal Displacement Fields in the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake

By using the Yoshimitsu Okada and Steketee fault dislocation model,we calculated the vertical and horizontal displacements along the Yingxiu-Beichuan inverse fault and Guanxian-Anxian inverse fault along which the Wenchuan MS8. 0 earthquake occurred in 2008. Compared to the achievements of field surveying along the surface rupture zone,we found that our computational results are comparable to the real displacement variation trend. Furthermore,the computational results indicated that the surface displacement...     

Feasibility Study on Determining Focal Mechanism Solutions of Small Earthquakes Using the Velocity Amplitude Ratio of P-and S-Waves

The focal mechanism parameters of small earthquakes are determined by the maximum velocity and displacement amplitude ratio of the direct P-and S-waves recorded by digital stations. The displacement is obtained from the velocity by emulation, and the two results are compared and analyzed. Results of the oretical analysis and practical measurement indicate that the two results of velocity and displacement are consistent, and it is feasible that the maximum displacement amplitude ratio be replaced by the maximum velocity amplitude ratio of the direct P-and S-waves recorded by regional seismic networks when determining focal mechanism solutions of small earthquakes.     

关于深基坑水平位移监测方案的探讨

根据深基坑施工的特点,详细介绍了一种监测深基坑水平位移的可行方案,并给出了工程实例。