Slip Rate and Strong Earthquake Dislocation along the Moxi—Mianning Segment of the Xianshuihe Anighe Fault Zone

The results from interpretation of the aerophotos and in-situ seismogeological researches show that there are some obvious late-Quaternary activities along the Moxi-Mianning segment of the Xianshuihe-Anninghe fault zone, with the characteristics of sinistral-slip movement accompanied by some significant vertical slip components. Since late-Quaternary, the average horizontal slip rate of the segment at the south of Moxi along the Xianshuihe fault is 6.0～9.9mm/a and 4.7～5.3mm/a along the segment at the north of Mianning of the Anninghe fault. The results from the investigation of coseismic dislocation and ground rupture show that the ground rupture caused by 1876 Kangding-Luding earthquake with M 7 3/ 4 can extend to the south of Tianwan. The segment at the north of Mianning of the Anninghe fault has a background for producing M7.5 earthquake and the geological record of the last strong earthquake must be the proofs of the 1327 earthquake with M>6.0 with poor historical records.     

循环加载高压流变实验中塑性应变分析

在三轴应力下的流变实验中，通过循环加载方法测出轴向应变，轴向塑性应变和弹性模量随差应力的变化，再根据多孔介质有效弹模理论，计算出岩石变形中孔隙度的变化，在假定岩石骨架不可压缩下，得到体积膨胀应变，然后通过总塑性应变与扩容机制和位错机制应变的关系，分解出位错应变，结果表明：在低围压下（＜100MPa），扩容应变占优势，并伴随着部分位错应变，在高围压下（＞100MPa），位错应变占优势，只有较小的扩容应变。     

球体内点位错产生的球型位移场：Ⅰ．理论

本文研究了ＳＮＲＥＩ模型内点位错产生的球型位移场．讨论了在用源函数表示的点力作用下的非奇次平衡方程的积分方法．通过定义位错Ｌｏｖｅ数，讨论了４种独立的位错解，并由此描述３种基本位错问题，即剪切位错、引张位错和爆破．导出了这３种位错产生的位移场的计算公式，可以用来计算任意位错源在任意点处的位移场．     

基于GPS观测资料反演庄浪河断裂带、马衔山北缘断裂带的滑动速率

根据地质资料,首先建立庄浪河断裂带、马衔山北缘断裂带空间展布的三维几何模型和分段模型,并把地质方法大致推测或估计的各段滑动速率和滑动方式作为先验初值,通过三维深断裂位错模型对GPS观测站点速度场的最佳拟合,反演获得各断裂段的现今滑动速率。结果表明,马衔山北缘断裂有1.4～3.0mm/a的逆倾滑,且中部断层段有约3mm/a的左旋走滑;庄浪河断裂有0.6～1.2mm/a的逆倾滑,走滑分量不明显。这些滑动速率值均在地质方法的推测范围内,且模型预测的GPS站点速度与实际观测值在整体上取得了较好的吻合。本研究表明,对于庄浪河断裂带、马衔山北缘断裂带这样一些滑动速率相对较低且传统地质调查方法较难实施的断裂,基于GPS观测结果的滑动速率反演是一种有效的补充手段     

2008年汶川8.0级地震地表垂直和水平位移场模拟计算分析

本文采用Okada及Steketee的断裂位错模型,从理论上计算了龙门山中央主断裂和前山断裂在汶川地震中逆冲和走滑错动形成的地表位移场,包括地表垂直和水平位移场的基本特征。并将计算结果与地震科考成果进行了比较,发现计算结果与现场地表变形考察结果在变化趋势上表现出一致性。同时通过计算揭示了断裂错动过程中离断裂一定范围内的地表位移场变化情况,计算结果表明断裂错动形成的地表垂直存在较大的空间不均匀性,且主要集中于断裂的端部即映秀、北川和青川附近,并且位移场在这些地方变化都较强烈。水平位移场主要集中于北川以北的地区,水平位移场的空间变化比较均匀。     

Recent advances of computing coseismic deformations in theory and applications

This paper reviews the recent advances in computing coseismic deformations, and their contributions to seismology and geodesy. At first, an overview on the history of the dislocation theory development is given in the introduction section. Then, emphasis are given on some new developments through few examples in the following sections, such as the new dislocation theory for a 3D Earth model, a new computing scheme on coseismic deflection change of vertical, the relation of dislocation Love number and the conventional Love numbers, the application of dislocation theory applied in satellite gravity observations, the coseismic deformations observed by GRACE, and a new method to determine dislocation Love numbers by GRACE. Furthermore, some advanced theoretical and cases studies are introduced to illustrate how dislocation theory is important in interpret geodetic data, or invert seismic slip for co- and post-seismic processes, using seismic and geodetic data. Final remarks are given in the last section, with discussions, conclusions, comments on existing problems, and expected methods to solve them.     

On planar seismic wavefront modeling for estimating rotational ground motions: Case of 2-D SH line-source

At large hypocentral distances, it is convenient to approximate the curved transient seismic wavefronts as planar to estimate rotational ground motions from the single-station recordings of translational ground motions. In this paper, we investigate whether and when this approximation, referred to as the ‘plane-wave’ approximation, can be considered adequate close to the source. For this, we consider a simplistic source model comprising a two-dimensional, kinematic shear dislocation SH line-source buried in a homogenous, elastic half-space and assume this to be an equivalent representation of a finite-sized fault. The ‘plane-wave’ rotational motion is then synthesized from the exact translational motion solution to the assumed model and compared with the exact rotational motion solution for this model. The comparison between the two sets of rotational amplitudes in frequency domain suggests that the plane-wave approximation may be adequate, when the wavelengths of the seismic waves are much smaller than the source depth. When this is not true, the plane-wave approximation is seen to underestimate the Fourier amplitudes close to the source by several orders, particularly when the fault planes are vertically oriented. A similar comparison in the time domain indicates that a severe underestimation may also occur when the source rise time is longer than the shear-wave arrival time at the epicenter. Significant discrepancies are also observed between the waveforms of the exact and plane-wave rotational motions.     

An inverse dislocation model of surface deformation in western Washington

Active horizontal and vertical deformation in western Washington is modeled using an inverse dislocation model. The modeling technique uses published horizontal crustal velocities, derived from campaign and continuous GPS data, and uplift rates, calculated from repeated historical leveling surveys. The plate interface is represented by both screw and edge dislocations divided into segments. The rate of slip deficit accumulation on each segment is estimated by inverting the surface deformation data using a linear least squares procedure. The model predicts the data well, with an overall RMS residual of 0.85 mm/year. The horizontal residual vectors show no discernable pattern and no significant uniform regional strain and rigid rotations can be identified. The estimated slip deficit accumulation rates suggest that the plate interface is locked in a broad region beneath the coastline and possibly partially locked further downdip. The maximum slip deficit rate was estimated at 32.1±1.9 mm/year or approximately 91% of the plate convergence rate. The partially locked zone appears to be accumulating slip deficit at 8.2±1.9 mm/year.     

ESTIMATE OF DIFFERENTIAL FLOW STRESS AND STRAIN RATE FOR HONGHE FAULT ZONE

Microstructures of quartz in Honghe mylonite zone are studied and recent result of microstructural paleopiezometry is used in this paper to estimate the differential flow stress and strain rate for the southern Honghe fault zone. The calculations show that the differential flow stress during the development of mylonites of the southern Honghe fault zone varied gradually from 45MPa in the south to 120MPa in the north. Because the formation depth of mylonite zone became shallow from south to north, this variation indicates the decrease of flow stress with depth. The strain rate was roughly of the order of 10-12/se     

太湖地区石英晶粒的某些超微构造及其成因意义

 应用超高压电子显微镜对太湖及其附近的五通组石英岩中的石英晶粒进行研究,发现它们在自由位错密度、位错壁、亚晶粒和出熔构造等特征上存在着明显差别。据此推论,太湖和其附近地区的五通组石英岩曾遭受过不同的应力作用历史,太湖的标本曾受到高应力的瞬时高压影响。因此,太湖环形构造可能与小天体的撞击有关。