Genetic variability of half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis populations using microsatellite markers

Ten highly variable microsatellite loci were performed in order to evaluate the genetic variability of wild and hatchery samples of half-smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis. A group of 200 genotypes belonging to four wild samples, Laizhou (LZ), Weihai (WH), Qingdao (QD), Rizhao (RZ) and one hatchery sample, Mingbo (MB), were screened. All of the ten microsatellite loci screened in this study showed marked polymorphism. A total of 70 different alleles were observed over all loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4.2 to 10.6. The average of expected and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.67 to 0.82, and from 0.77 to 0.87, respectively. A total of 10, 16, 10, 11 and 5 unique alleles each were found in LZ, WH, QD, RZ and MB populations. The effective number of alleles varied from 2.87 for HSTS_7 to 6.83 for HSTS-h. The number of average genotypes ranged from 6.0 for HSTS_a to 15.4 for HSTS_h. As compared with the wild populations, the hatchery population, MB, showed significant genetic changes such as fewer alleles per locus (P <0.05), a smaller number of low frequency alleles (P <0.05), a small number of unique alleles and a small number of genotypes (P <0.05), all indicative of a reduction in genetic diversity.     

文昌鱼线粒体基因组特征分析及分子标记探讨

线粒体基因组已被广泛应用于后生动物分子系统发育和群体遗传的研究。文昌鱼（Amphioxus）作为研究脊椎动物起源和进化的模式动物,在脊椎动物起源和进化研究中占据极为重要的位置。作者综合分析文昌鱼2科7个种的51条线粒体基因组全序列,全面揭示了文昌鱼线粒体基因组的基本特征。文昌鱼线粒体基因组均编码后生动物标准的37个基因...     

利用贝壳颜色标记分析皱纹盘鲍苗种繁育中的无意识选择

利用皱纹盘跑（Haliotis discus hannai）贝壳颜色与摄食饵料相关且贝壳生成后色调不再改变等特点,以幼鲍贝壳顶部摄食底栖硅藻期间形成的褐红色部位的壳长指示它剥离时的壳长,将贝壳颜色用作形态标记,首次在皱纹盘鲍苗种繁育中观察到无意识选择。在投喂人工配合饵料后的第3天与第30天,分别从遗传背景不同的8组样本...     

应用纤维素示踪北京市PM2.5天然植被排放来源的研究

大气细粒子(PM_2.5)污染是全球尤其是我国许多城市的重要环境问题。利用示踪物质识别和估算大气颗粒物来源是公认的可靠技术,纤维素可以作为示踪物质表征一次颗粒物的天然植被排放来源。本文针对大气细粒子中纤维素含量低、全程序空白相对较高等难点,优化建立了纤维素酶水解、GOD-苯酚-四氨基安替比林测糖法,在我国首次应用于测定大气PM_2.5中纤维素的含量,估算天然植被排放源的贡献。方法检出限为0.26 μg/m³(纤维素),可以满足大气PM_2.5纤维素测定要求;而且有效地降低了空白,全程序空白值(36.5 μg葡萄糖)低于文献方法空白值(53.8 μg葡萄糖),使之更适合于PM_2.5的测定。使用本方法对2012年5月至6月采集的北京市大气PM_2.5样品进行分析,纤维素检出率为96%,纤维素的平均含量为(0.573±0.17) μg/m³,折合为天然植被排放量占PM_2.5质量浓度的1.37%±0.65%;天然植被排放源对有机碳的平均贡献率为4.4%,最大达到9.2%,反映出天然植被排放是北京市PM_2.5的重要来源之 一。本研究方法为我国城市大气颗粒物(包括总悬浮颗粒物、PM₁₀、PM_2.5等)来源识别提供了新的手段。     

测井曲线在杭东勘查区煤炭普查煤岩层对比中的应用

杭东普查区煤层产状平缓,构造简单,但由于含煤地层为陆相沉积,煤层层数多、厚度、间距变化大,沉积岩相变化快、大范围内缺乏稳定的对比标志层,因此煤岩层对比是本区勘查需要重点解决的难题。通过对比杭东普查区与邻区200余孔的测井资料,分析煤岩层在各种测井曲线的异常特征与异常组合规律,确定了对煤岩层对比有重大意义的标志层,如延长组与上覆延安组的典型视电阻率异常分界;延安组在高视电阻率曲线上的“树杆”状凸起特征;安定组视电阻率曲线近直线的低值形态;4-1煤在视电阻率曲线上呈现出的“斜坡”状或“刀”状高异常,以及在自然伽玛曲线上的“凹坑”特征;侏罗系中统直罗组的高伽马异常,等等。这些典型特征保证了该区煤岩层对比可靠性,为提交优质地质勘查报告发挥了重要作用。     

五河县大巩山地区褶皱构造浅析

大巩山西蝈堆组蚌埠期褶皱可利用含白云质大理岩透镜体的蛇纹岩作为标志层来恢复,推测其为轴面倒向北的紧密同斜褶皱,S0近南北向,枢纽西倾,地层由东向西变新。     

Fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) transport and processing in littoral interstices – use of fluorescent markers

A fluorescent labelling method is presented as a new tool for the investigation of organic particle transport and biogenic carbon cycling processes in sandy littoral interstices at Lake Tegel, Berlin, Germany. Passive particle transport through the pore system was studied by in situ exposition of 2.4 μm monodisperse polymeric resin microparticles stained with 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (AMC). Uptake of fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled Chlorella vulgaris and fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) by the interstitial fauna was investigated in laboratory and field experiments. The major portion (>85%) of the FITC-labelled particles added to sediment cores was recovered from the topmost centimetre of sediment during the study period of 14 days. Uptake of FITC-labelled FPOM was observed in several benthic groups, e.g. chironomids, microcrustaceans, oligochaetes and tardigrads, whereas C. vulgaris was ingested by oligochaetes only. There is evidence to suggest that both are suitable materials for investigating the fragmentation and ingestion of organic material by herbivorous and detritivorous fauna. Field experiments with inert microparticles and FITC-labelled FPOM (<1 mm) prepared from dried alder leaves were carried out in plexiglass tubes as in situ whole core technique. Within the investigation period of two weeks, the transport of FPOM was restricted to the topmost 2–3 cm of sediment in conjunction with a distinct fragmentation to finer size classes with respect to increasing sediment depth. Vertical FPOM transport was hindered by a high interstitial concentration of natural POM and an intensive settlement of the interstices by algae (mainly epispammic algae, 65–96% of algae cell number) and extra-cellular polymeric substances (EPS), which formed a dense three-dimensional structure.     

皱纹盘鲍野生与养殖群体遗传多样性的研究

用随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）技术,对山东长岛（CW）、辽宁大连（DW）两个野生群体和山东崆峒岛（KC）一个养殖群体的皱纹盘鲍遗传多样性进行了分析.结果表明,CW和DW群体间的遗传距离为0.170 3,CW和KC群体间的遗传距离为0.367 3,DW和KC群体间的遗传距离为0.347 7,显示野生群体与养殖群体之间的亲缘关系已发生了变化.CW,DW和KC三个群体的多态位点比例分别为49.22%、50.78%和43.75%;平均杂合度分别为0.350 6,0.340 8和0.307 9.与野生群体相比,养殖群体的多态位点比例和杂合度都有不同程度的降低.     

超临界萃取／气相色谱—质谱测定油页岩中的生物标志物

采用超临界萃取 /气相色谱 -质谱技术测定了广东茂名油页岩中环己烷的链取代烃、甾烷、甾烯和藿烷等生物标志物 ,其分析结果与经典索式抽提和文献结果基本相符。该方法与索式抽提法相比简单、快速、无污染和危险 ,可用于油页岩等固体样品中生物标志物的分析     

裙带菜配子体基因工程选择标记的研究

研究了裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)配子体对除草剂草丁膦的敏感性以及温度对草丁膦处理效果的影响。结果表明,裙带菜配子体对草丁膦敏感;统计学分析得出了草丁膦在不同温度条件下处理裙带菜配子体的半致死浓度(LD50)及95%可信限;温差达到10℃时,相同处理时间各组内不同处理温度样品的LD50之间呈现显著差异,第6天的LD50由10℃组的15.78 mg/L降为20℃组的11.56 mg/L和25℃组的10.33 mg/L。研究发现可以尝试采用草丁膦作为裙带菜配子体遗传转化的选择试剂。