ADCP流量生成模型及相应计算方法研究

如何快速准确监测河道流量,一直是水文学者研究的对象。ADCP是一种先进的流量测验仪器。本文分析ADCP流量测验机理,提出ADCP流量生成模型的概念,分析出ADCP流量生成模型的结构,构建了ADCP流量生成模型。根据流量生成模型研制的ADCP流量计算程序计算结果和目前应用广泛的Winriver软件计算结果极其相似。ADCP流量生成模型概念准确、结构合理,数据处理计算方法得当、研制的程序可靠。这为ADCP国产化奠定了坚实的基础。     

吉林万昌地热储量计算与评价

通过水文地质调查、水文地质钻探查明该区地热条件,近似平均地热梯度是每千米25℃左右。通过热储模型计算出工作区的储热层厚度计算值为56.67 m,同时也估算出研究区的热储量。根据国家相关规范,对区域地热资源进行了温度及规模分级,该地热田属于小型规模。研究结果为开发利用地热资源提供科学依据。     

基于IsoSource的桂林寨底地下河硝酸盐来源定量研究

近些年,随着化肥和农药的广泛使用,地下水中硝酸盐污染日益严峻。本文选择桂林寨底地下河系统为研究区,对研究区进行地下水取样调查以及水化学和氮、氧同位素分析,利用IsoSource软件对其硝酸盐来源进行定量计算,为岩溶区地下水硝酸盐来源定量研究提供了一个新方法。结果表明,寨底地下河硝酸盐主要以NO3–为主,NO3–浓度变化在2.67~17.99 mg/L,平均值为6.3 mg/L,研究区内硝酸盐来源共有三种,分别为化肥、动物粪便与污水和土壤有机氮,其中化肥的变化范围为23%~78%,动物粪便与污水为6%~58%,土壤有机氮为6%~38%。沿地下水流动方向,化肥和动物粪便与污水的比例均发生了明显变化,与离居民区的距离密切相关,距离远时化肥比例较大,动物粪便与污水比例较小,距离近时则相反。     

向斜核部超深孔施工技术

在河北省开平向斜核部煤田普查区,由于煤层埋藏较深,地层易缩径、压力异常,给钻探施工带来巨大压力。2011年2月19日,本区ZK9-1号钻孔成功完成地质钻探任务,实际终孔深度1950.68m,为国内目前该区采用Φ50mm钻杆施工煤田取心最深钻孔。从设备选择、钻具选择使用及其抗拉强度扭矩校核,泥浆使用、压力平衡钻进、防斜措施等方面介绍了该孔克服深孔地层压力异常、泥岩蠕变钻孔缩径,一次成孔达到设计要求的施工经验,对类似地区的钻探施工有一定的借鉴意义。     

编程计算确定岩石结构面产状

许多地下工程都需要确定岩石结构面的产状。阐述了确定岩石结构面产状的两类方法:岩心定向方法和直接计算方法的主要特点。依据同种结构岩石中的3点钻孔弯曲参数(顶角、方位角),以及该3点处的岩心参数(岩心直径、高点高度),即可确定岩石的结构面产状,开发了其计算程序;论述了该程序的使用方法和程序计算原理。实测和勘探工作检验证明,采用编程计算法确定的岩石结构面产状参数准确无误,是可行的。编程计算法避免了大量繁杂的人工计算工作,可简单快速地得到计算结果;采用编程计算法得到的都是符合实际情况的单解,从而避免了经常出现的人工计算错误率高的现象。     

子午线收敛角对定向钻进精度的影响

在定向钻进井眼轨迹计算时,以前方位计算只考虑磁偏角,而没有考虑子午线收敛角对定向控制精度的影响。在井距400m以上时,子午线收敛角最大误差可达10m以上,说明子午线收敛角对水平定向钻进精度影响较大。文中给出了通过井口的地理坐标简便计算子午线收敛角方法,其误差在20％以内,可满足对接连通井工程需要。并通过与美国产高精度磁中靶系统RMRS在土耳其29对对接连通井工程应用进行了验证,结果中靶误差较小。说明在定向钻进井眼轨迹计算时,考虑子午线收敛角对长距离水平定向井、定向对接连通井和非开挖工程精确设计和施工具有重要指导意义。     

大位移井悬链线剖面设计的数值计算

悬链线剖面是大位移井轨道的经典类型,在进行设计时需要求解一个以悬链线初始井斜角为未知数的非线性方程。由于未知数包含在多个三角函数和对数函数中,计算工作量较大,而且常用的迭代求解方法存在一些问题。通过数学变换将该方程转换成一个只包含对数函数和多项式函数的新方程,对新方程的函数性态做了几何分析,进而提出了寻找求解区间的步长搜索算法和自适应步长搜索算法。利用二分法在求解区间上能够快速求出新方程的数值解。利用大位移井设计实例验证了本文算法的有效性,并对圆弧井段井眼曲率与方程解的关系进行了讨论。本文提出的算法可用于大位移井轨道设计的计算机软件开发中。     

Chemical composition of wet deposition in a Mediterranean site Athens,Greece related to the origin of air masses

The goal of this study is to determine the chemical composition of rain, in the wider region of Athens, Greece for the time period 1st September 2001 to 31st August 2002. Two model automatic rain samplers were installed in the Meteorological Station of Laboratory of Climatology (latitude: 37° 58′ N, longitude: 23° 47′ E) inside the Athens University Campus and in a site at Heraklio Attica, a northern suburb of Athens (latitude: 38° 03′ N, longitude: 23° 45′ E). The concentrations (μeq l⁻¹) of the major cations (H⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) and anions (Cl⁻, , και ), as well as pH and conductivity of rain in 39 total samples were determined. The figures of pH range from 6.4 to 8.4 and conductivity from 8 to 207 μS cm⁻¹. The analysis showed that Ca²⁺ ions are abundant within all examined samples, while and present the highest concentrations from the anions. In order to find out the origin of the air masses, the air mass back trajectories were calculated. Five sectors of the origin of air masses were revealed: the North, the South, the Local, the West and the East sector. Multivariate methods included Factor Analysis and Discriminant Analysis were applied to the examined ion concentrations and three main factors were extracted, which discriminated the ions according to their origin. The first group of ions is interpreted as the result of the anthropogenic activity, the second group represents the acidity–alkalinity independently of their source and the third one the marine influence.     

TITAN’S GROUND REFLECTANCE RETRIEVAL FROM CASSINI-VIMS DATA TAKEN DURING THE JULY 2ND, 2004 FLY-BY AT 2 AM UT

An attempt to evaluate the preliminary values of the Titan's surface albedo at 2 μm from the first Cassini-VIMS observations of the moon is presented. The methodology is based on the application of radiative transfer calculations and a microphysical model of the Titan atmosphere based on fractal aerosol. As a first guess, the surface has been considered flat and lambertian. The results are presented as a function of the geographical coordinates associated to the image pixels. The libRadtran package, using the radiative transfer equation solver DISORT 2.0, has been applied for the calculations. A test run to evaluate the model performances, using ground based observations of Titan as reference in the range of wavelengths 0.3-1.0 μm, has been carried out.The retrieved values of the surface albedo range between 0.03 and 0.22.     

ANALYSIS AND CALCULATION OF REGULATED WATER RESOURCES OF GROUNDWATER RESERVOIR

Groundwater reservoir is a kind of important engineering, which can optimize water resources arrangement by means of artificial regulation. Regulated water is the blood and value performance of groundwater reservoir. To resolve the problem of real-time quantification of regulated water, the paper analyzed sources and compositions of regulated water in detail. Then, under the conditions of satisfying water demand inside research area, the paper analyzed quantity available and regulation coefficient of different regulated water and established a formula to calculate regulated water. At last, based on a pore groundwater reservoir in the middle reaches of the Yinma River,Jilin Province, the paper calculated regulated water with the formula and the result shows that the method is feasible.With some constraint conditions, the formula can be adopted in other similar areas.