单井水文地质参数简化计算及意义

单井抽水试验是水文地质勘探中广泛实施的手段,其导水系数 K M 或渗透系数 K 值通常是从抽水结果的涌水量 Q 和井中水位降数据计算求得.但单井中水量的水位降深,多受井结构完善程度的制约,难以反映出井点处含水层真实的水位降.另外,在基岩含水层试验中,常以抽水井揭露所谓含水层的岩性岩层厚度作为含水层厚,这又给 K 值的确定带来一定的偏差.就日常工作中在对抽水成果整理方面所遇的一些问题提出见解,以共讨论     

基于反演法的牵引式滑坡治理设计及施工

国道213线K193＋060～190滑坡系由公路路堑开挖引起的牵引式滑坡。由于滑坡已经滑动,用勘探提供的滑动面力学参数计算的滑坡推力与实际滑坡状态不符。为此,设计滑动面力学参数时应由滑动后清方减载前的坡体极限平衡法确定,即反算法。同时介绍了主要工程治理措施及施工技术。     

三套国外TEM软件正反演结果对比

在对三套国外瞬变电磁软件Maxwell、EM vision和Emigma研究分析的基础上,设计均匀半空间、层状介质和均匀半空间加载板状体及棱柱体的模型,逐一比较分析三套软件的异同,并进行了均匀半空间和层状介质的1D反演,通过模拟计算和结果分析,比较不同条件下各软件的特点和结算结果的准确性。结果表明,在均匀半空间和层状介质条件下,三套软件的正演计算结果能完全吻合,但瞬变电磁3D正演问题还未从根本上得以解决。     

开放地质体系中物质迁移质量平衡计算方法介绍

地质体系的开放过程,如交代、蚀变、熔融、风化、渗透、变形等,往往伴随着显著的物质组分(元素)的活动和迁移.研究这些地质过程需要我们深入地了解发生迁移组分的种类和程度.质量平衡计算作为定量限定地质体系开放过程中物质迁入或迁出情况的重要手段,已经被广泛应用到诸多的地质问题研究中.目前,已有许多的学者建立了各种各样的质量平衡计算公式和相应的图解方法,但是这些方法的核心思想和基本原理都是一致的.因此,本文选取了目前国际上几个常用的质量平衡计算方法进行了详细地介绍.这些方法包括成分-体积图解法(Gresens,1967)、Isocon图解法(Grant,1986)、标准化Isocon图解法(Guo et al.,2009)和定量计算法.同时,作者也结合自身的研究经验和实例,对这些方法的应用范围、优缺点和注意事项做了相应地评述.通过这些介绍,希望可以帮助初学者对质量平衡计算方法的基本原理、主要思想及应用过程有一个相对全面的了解.     

关于导航星座URE计算方法的讨论

URE(User Range Error)通常作为导航星座的用户伪距精度的一个重要指标,用来评价导航星座定位的精度.文章对URE的意义进行了详细解释,采用加权思想推导了导航卫星单星及导航星座URE计算模型,最后通过仿真手段对URE计算进行了仿真验证.     

岩体流变情况下隧道合理支护时机的数值模拟

以广梧高速公路牛车顶隧道为工程背景,探讨岩体流变情况下隧道二衬支护时机确定的理论和数值计算方法。对比理论方法预测拱顶下沉时程曲线与现场实测结果,建立数值计算模型,分析隧道围岩应力释放系数对围岩稳定性的影响表明,理论方法预测拱顶下沉时程曲线与现场实测表现出相同的发展规律,并且二者得到的二衬支护时间基本相同,验证了理论方法的正确性。围岩应力随着掌子面推进而不断释放,III级围岩应力释放比较缓慢,空间效应比较明显;当开挖释放应力系数大于或等于60%时,整个围岩的松动区都大于锚喷加固范围,最终确定出二衬的合理支护时机,为工程实践提供参考。     

高速铁路穿透型CFG桩复合地基沉降计算修正系数分析

为掌握铁路工程CFG桩复合地基在路堤荷载作用下的沉降计算修正系数变化特点,基于武汉－广州高速铁路24个路堤断面的地基沉降测试数据,结合地勘和设计参数,分析了地基沉降计算修正系数的变化规律及工后沉降的时间效应特征,结果表明,软弱土层浅薄的穿透型CFG桩复合地基具有优良的沉降控制效果,对应的地基沉降计算修正系数在0.63～0.17之间,较当量压缩模量相当的《铁路工程地基处理技术规范》推荐值偏低约1/3;地基沉降表现出显著的时间效应特征,地基工后沉降占最终沉降的比值有随时间逐渐降低的趋势;路堤填筑速率加快和地基布桩间距加大,对穿透型CFG桩复合地基工后沉降占最终沉降的比值有明显增大作用,地基沉降稳定所需的时间更长。     

倒T型导管墙桩基防波堤桩基土抗力及稳定性简化计算方法

倒T型导管墙桩基防波堤作为新型港工结构,主要依靠桩基和自身重力维持稳定。以天津港水文地质条件为算例,建立三维弹塑性有限元模型,通过荷载-位移关系曲线,确定稳定性安全系数。分析极限状态下桩基沿环向与竖向的土压力分布,得出桩侧极限水平土抗力,并将有限元结果与美国规范API土抗力计算方法进行比较。造成防波堤结构失稳的原因主要有两个,即结构自身无法满足强度要求和土体达到极限。结构自身强度达到极限时,可用p-y曲线有限差分迭代法求取安全系数;土体达到破坏极限时,可分别假定转动点位于桩轴线上和偏离桩轴线两种情况,利用极限平衡法,建立抗倾稳定性简化计算方法。经验证,理论方法得到的稳定性安全系数与有限元结果比较接近。     

Impact of the eastern water diversion from the south to the north project on the saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary in China

The south to the north project(WDP) on the saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary is studied by the improved three-dimensional(3D) numerical model.The net unit width flux in the Changjiang Estuary as well as the sectional salt flux is calculated in the North Branch(NB),the South Branch(SB),the North Channel(NC),the South Channel(SC),the North Passage(NP) and the South Passage(SP),respectively.The net seaward water flux in the SB is reduced,and the net water flux spilling over from the NB to the SB is enhanced after the eastern WDP.Under the mean river discharge condition in the dry season,the net salt flux spilling over from the NB to the SB is increased by 2.09 t/s and 0.52 t/s during the spring and neap tides,respectively,due to the eastern WDP.The saltwater intrusion in the Changjiang Estuary is enhanced by the eastern WDP.Compared with that during the spring tide,the net water diversion ratio during the neap tide in the NC is smaller,and thus the enhancement of the saltwater intrusion by the eastern WDP is smaller in the NC,and larger in the NP and the SP.The tidally averaged surface salinity at the water intakes of the Dongfengxisha Reservoir,the Chenhang Reservoir and the Qingcaosha Reservoir rises both during the spring and neap tides.     

A flexible-segment-model-based dynamics calculation method for free hanging marine risers in re-entry

In re-entry,the drilling riser hanging to the holding vessel takes on a free hanging state,waiting to be moved from the initial random position to the wellhead.For the re-entry,dynamics calculation is often done to predict the riser motion or evaluate the structural safety.A dynamics calculation method based on Flexible Segment Model(FSM) is proposed for free hanging marine risers.In FSM,a riser is discretized into a series of flexible segments.For each flexible segment,its deflection feature and external forces are analyzed independently.For the whole riser,the nonlinear governing equations are listed according to the moment equilibrium at nodes.For the solution of the nonlinear equations,a linearization iteration scheme is provided in the paper.Owing to its flexibility,each segment can match a long part of the riser body,which enables that good results can be obtained even with a small number of segments.Moreover,the linearization iteration scheme can avoid widely used Newton-Rapson iteration scheme in which the calculation stability is influenced by the initial points.The FSM-based dynamics calculation is timesaving and stable,so suitable for the shape prediction or real-time control of free hanging marine risers.