中国土壤热通量的气候计算及其分布特征

根据北京等6个热平衡站的资料，通过5种方案计算比较得出土壤热通量Qs动的气候计算方法Qs＝2．826·△θs-20＋0．486·△T－0．777这里△θs-20、△T分别为土中5与20厘米温差和地一气温差．该式相关比为0．897，平均拟合误差1．4wm-2。据此计算全国215站的土中热交换量，并分析其时空变化，得出一些有意义的结果。     

树分类器在测井岩性评价中的应用

 利用测井资料进行岩性定量识别,分类方法的设计是决定分类结果好坏的关键。本文讨论了树分类器与产生式规则相结合的方法在岩性分类中的应用。利用数据完整的测井曲线参与树分类器的学习、判别工作,用树分类器进行岩性的“逐级识别”,不完整的特征交由定性规则处理,既实现了岩性的细分,且保证了分类的精度。     

Discriminant analysis as a possible tool in landslide investigations

As part of an investigation of mass movement on outslopes of contour surface-mines in West Virginia, discriminant analysis was used to determine whether selected spoil properties could statistically distinguish failed and unfailed embankments. The analysis utilized the variables degree of saturation, liquid limit, and shrinkage limit, and the a priori assignment of samples into either actively failing, unfailed, or regraded categories. Results were encouraging, with seventy-four percent of the samples being correctly classified. All misclassifications involved samples from active or regraded landslides, suggesting the method was conservative. Performance of discriminant analysis could probably be improved by modifying the sampling plan.     

Modelling tidally induced sediment-transport paths over the northwest European shelf: the influence of sea-level reduction

A three-dimensional model covering the northwest European Shelf and part of the adjacent Atlantic Ocean is used to examine the influence of water depth change upon the distribution of maximum tidal bed stress. The direction of bed stress is an indicator of sediment movement as bed load and various regions of convergence and divergence in good agreement with observations are identified. Calculations are performed with water depths reduced by 35 m, corresponding to 10 000 years before present (B.P.). Initially, the model is forced by only the M₂ tide, although subsequently five constituents, namely M₂, S₂, N₂, K₁ and O_1, are used for tidal forcing. Although the distribution of extreme bed stresses computed with only M₂ tidal forcing is comparable to that computed with five tides, the additional tidal constituents modify the magnitude of the bed stress. In particular the diurnal tides show regions of local enhanced current amplitude in the shelf-edge region with corresponding changes in bed stress. When water depths are reduced such that the North Sea and English Channel are separated, then there is a significant change in the tidal distribution in the shallow Southern Bight which influences bed-stress distributions and hence bed-load sediment transport in the area. Besides changes in shallow regions, the distribution of tides at the shelf edge is affected. A discussion of the limitations of the present coarse-grid model in shelf-edge regions and how it can be used to provide boundary conditions for limited-area three-dimensional models that can include stratification is presented. Also the importance of stratification for sediment movement at the shelf edge is briefly discussed.Responsible Editor: Phil Dyke     

内燃机性能指标的简化计算

循环热效率和指示热效率是两个不同的热效率概念 ,本文推导出了两种热效率之间相互换算的因子———“热效率修正因子”的计算式 ,应用该因子可以计算或预测内燃机实际循环的性能指标 ,计算结果与热计算结果吻合 ,该方法比热计算简单 ,适用于所有四冲程内燃机。     

区域综合蒸散发量计算方法研究

在充分消化吸收前人成果的基础上,通过对研究区不同下垫面条件、作物种植情况及供水条件进行全面调查,将研究区划分为城区、山区、平原区3种类型区,并对每种类型区分别按水体、透水区、不透水区计算其蒸散发量,然后合并求得各类型区总蒸散发量,建立了以城区、山区、平原区蒸散发量计算为子模型的区域综合蒸散发量计算模型。     

微灌精确控制模式研究

对土壤湿度监测法和计算法在微灌控制中的应用进行了分析,提出一种综合上述2种方法、具有一定自学习功能的全新微灌控制模式。该模式提高了计算精度,解决了计算法的开环误差问题,排除了降雨和计划湿润层水分流失带来的计算困难,保证了作物系数的可求性,对于温室灌溉量计算还引入了温室状态系数的概念;尽管采用了土壤湿度传感器,但其分布密度可以很低,并防止了测量滞后性带来控制失败问题的出现。该模式具有大规模推广应用前景。     

广东交通建设占用耕地的特征及其趋势预测

1990～2000年是广东省交通建设大发展时期和耕地减少的高峰期。通过对这一时段的分析,发现交通建设占用耕地已成为广东省非农建设占用耕地的主要成分和耕地减少的一大因素。在空间分布特征上,利用土地扩展集中指数和扩展强度两个指标进行计算分析,结果是广东省交通占用耕地分布区域不均匀,扩展区域主要集中于清远、广州等市;而占用最为严重的地区是深圳和汕头两市。根据广东交通发展的需要,预测到2030年,全省由于交通建设还需占用土地118295.26hm2。     

GPS平面控制网的模拟设计计算方法及其应用

基于全边角网和全边方位角网模拟法设计的计算思想和“科傻系统”中的控制网通用平差软件包 ,提出了一种GPS平面控制网的模拟设计计算方法 ,给出了该方法的计算步骤 ,并结合实例进行了计算分析     

降雨入渗补给灵敏度及其计算方法研究

对两类降雨入渗计算模型进行了研究：①简单的水量平衡模型；②数值模拟模型。这两类模型的假定条件和非饱和的理论概念差别很大。两类模型在非饱和区中的应用表明，在非饱和区均质土壤条件下，水量平衡模型计算的降雨入渗补给量与应用数值模拟模型计算所得结果基本相吻合。灵敏度分析表明了地下水位变动对降雨入渗补给的影响。假定地下水位不变所造成的误差可作为水文地质参数的一个函数来处理。本文研究成果在一定水文地质条件下的非饱和水流模型、饱和水流模型或排水模型系统计算中具有十分重要的参考应用价值。