全球增暖下我国旱涝灾害可能情景的初步研究

在全球变暖的情况下,我国东南沿海、西南、西北、内蒙古和东北部分地区,洪涝灾害可能增加;而黄河中游以南和华北平原干旱可能增加.这一变化特征与本世纪暖期降水分布变化,以及与CO_2倍增情况下气候模似结果基本一致.     

浙江台风(热带风暴)灾害的若干特点

对1949-1992年的气象、水文和灾害资料分析,浙江台风灾害具有以下几个特点:1.登陆或严重影响浙江的台风日期与天文大潮期相遇机率高,沿海地区潮灾严重;2.台风大风是浙江沿海城市台风灾害危害的主因之一,且其危害具有连锁反应倾向;3.台风灾害对浙江农业的危害一般是直接和继发性灾害叠加而成的;4.台风灾害区的地理分布具有明显的山脉走向性;5.台风重灾年在年际分布上具有阶段性.     

开展灾害学研究 保障人类生存与发展

灾害是人类面临的最严重的威胁。本文简要列述了各类灾害对国民经济建设和人类生存的危害性,论述了灾害的分类和体系特征,探讨了灾害形成的科学机理,强调了开展多学科、大体系研究的重要意义。同时结合国土环境遥感调查,提出了开展灾害学研究、监测防御、减灾抗祸的对策和建议,以期发挥现代地球科学理论与遥感技术的潜力,为促进灾害学的研究、保障人类更好地生存与发展作出贡献。     

论减轻自然灾害工作

本文概述自然灾害的各类及其危害性，分析自然灾害的共同特点，讨论减轻灾害的意义，文中指出提高防灾意识，加强灾害预防预报，制定减灾计划，建立减灾工作体系，开展群众防灾教育和培养专业及业余防灾人员是当前减灾工作的主要任务。     

石渠5．1级地震与德格5．0级地震灾害对比

本文根据现场调查资料描述了四川省相邻的两县石渠县和德格县分别发生的Ｍｓ５．１和５．０级地震的灾害情况，并对这两次地震的灾害特征和灾害环境等作了对比。虽然这两次地震的震级相近，宏观震中仅相距约１３０ｋｍ（直线距离），但地震所造成的经济损失和社会影响却相差较大。导致这种灾害明显差异的原因主要是先前的冻胀灾害和自然地理环境以及建筑物场地条件的不同。     

The research of a solution on locating optimally a station for seismic disasters rescue in a city

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浅谈“3S”技术在防灾减灾中的应用

通过描述传统测绘地形图在防灾减灾中的特殊作用及局限性,进而介绍了现代测绘高科技“3S”技术在灾害防治中的应用前景及其优越性。     

People and community as constituent parts of hazards: the significance of societal dimensions in hazards analysis

Nature-triggered hazards and disasters have traditionally been treated only from the lens of geophysical and biophysical processes, implying that the root cause of large-scale death and destruction lies in the natural domain rather than in a coupled human–environment system. Conceptually, the physical domain has been seen as discrete and separate from human entities, and solutions were sought in the technological intervention and control of the physical environment—solutions that often ended up being less effective than hoped for and sometimes even counter productive. At all levels, institutions have directed and redirected most of their financial and logistical resources into the search for scientific and engineering solutions without allocating due attention and resources towards the assessment of effects and effectiveness of the applications of such technological outcomes. However, over the last two decades, forceful criticisms of the ‘dominant’ technocratic approach to hazards analysis have appeared in the literature and consequently there has not only been a shift in thinking of causation of disaster loss in terms of human vulnerability, but also newer questions have arisen regarding distinguishing between the ‘physical exposure’ of people to threats and societal vulnerability, and linking them with propensity to hazards loss. Though the vulnerability/resilience paradigm has largely replaced the hazards paradigm within the social sciences and much of the professional emergency and disaster management communities, this shift of thinking has not progressed to much of the physical science community, decision-makers and the public, who have not yet accepted the idea that understanding and using human and societal dimensions is equally or more important than trying to deal and control nature through the use of technology. This special issue is intended to further the idea that the aspects of community and peoples’ power to mitigate, to improve coping mechanisms, to respond effectively, and recover with vigor against the environmental extremes are of paramount conceptual and policy importance.     

GMS气象卫星在暴雨灾害遥感监测中的应用

利用时空分辨率较高的GMS-5红外、可见光和水汽多通道遥感资料,给出了影响山东省夏季暴雨的卫星遥感图像模型。结合常规气象资料,探索了利用气象卫星遥感资料监测暴雨灾害的方法。     

攀枝花市对武定6．5级地震的应急反应

云南省武定1995年10月24日的6．5级地震对攀枝市造成了Ⅵ度的破坏。震后，地震部门提出近期不会发生破坏性地震，为政府决策提供依据。通过广播电台、电视台发布震情通报、公告，为抗震救灾和安定民心起到了积极作用。