基于遥感和GIS的中国土地资源生态环境质量同人口分布的关系研究

基于用数字环境模型对中国土地资源生态环境质量评价的基础上,生成了中国土地资源生态环境综合评价图和人口密度分布图。首先分析了中国土地资源生态环境等级面积构成及分布状况,中国土地资源生态环境质量最好的地区全部分布在东南沿海和四川盆地地区,之后,用相关分析方法及关系曲线分析了中国土地资源生态环境质量同人口分布的关系,得出了土地资源生态环境质量指数同人口存在着实质性的相关关系,中国东南沿海和四川盆地地区是中国土地资源生态环境最好的地区,也是人口密度和土度资源利用程度最高的地区,而西北及青藏高原区是中国土地资源生态环境比较差的地区,也是人口密度比较低的地区。     

基于激光测距的航空扫描影像中建筑物的自动提取

介绍了利用“机载激光影像制图系统”获得的激光测距,飞机姿态和位置数据解算出的地面三维信息同光谱辐射信息高度融合,用于快速自动地提取城市建筑物边界及高度的方法,探讨了地物的分裂／ 合并算法、建筑物与树木的分离、边界提取中初始种子点的选择和灰度参考值及阈值的自适应调整,针对影像中建筑物的扭曲采用了二维／ 三维变换和曲线模板,针对边缘模糊、不连续和强噪声等采用了统计判决和取样模板等等。并利用呼和浩特市区数据进行了验证。     

Use of geomorphological units to improve drainage network extraction from a DEM : Comparison between automated extraction and photointerpretation methods in the Carraixet catchment (Valencia, Spain)

Drainage networks are one of the main elements characterizing basins, and network topology and geometry form the basis of many hydrological and geomorphological models (eg Geomorphological Unitary Hydrograph). The identification and manual delineation of channel networks from maps or aerial photographs requires much time and effort. In the last two decades, algorithms and procedures for automated extraction of drainage networks from digital elevation data have been developed and implemented in many specialized software applications. Nevertheless, automatically delineated channel networks do not always show close agreement with manually delineated networks. This paper describes a comparative analysis between a drainage network automatically extracted from a gridded digital elevation model, and the drainage network delineated manually from stereographic pairs of aerial photographs. The analysis showed that the automatic extraction technique may be adequate for catchment headwaters, but is inappropriate in the middle and lower basins, especially for alluvial fans and calcareous platforms. The paper suggests improving the automatic extraction technique by adapting it to operate with different parameters for each of the geomorphological units within the catchment.     

关于数字地图制图综合中的人机协同问题

研究了数字地图制图综合中人机协同存在的问题、人在制图综合中的思维方式、计算机能在多大程度上模拟人在制图综合中的思维和构成最佳人机协同的原则等问题。     

Limited By Cost: The Case Against Humans In The Scientific Exploration Of Space

Human space flight represents a heady mix of bravery and drama which can be inspirational to nations and to humankind but at huge economic cost. Due to the current high launch costs only a handful of people have ventured beyond low Earth orbit and walked on the Moon, propelled by aspirations related more to the Cold War than to science. Problems with reusable launch vehicle development mean that severe launch cost limitations will exist for some time. Meanwhile, cheaper robotic probes have visited all the planets except Pluto, flown by comets, landed on Mars, Venus and an asteroid, have probed Jupiter's atmosphere and studied the Universe beyond our own solar system with telescopes. Using these data we are determining mankind's place in the Universe. Public interest in the historic Eros landing eclipsed a simultaneous space walk at the fledgling International Space Station and the Mars Pathfinder landing generated hundreds of millions of website hits in a few days. Given the fact that hundreds of Mars missions could be flown for the still-escalating cost of the International Space Station, the unsuitability of human bodies for deep space exploration, and the advances in 3-d and virtual reality techniques, we discuss whether human exploration needs a place in a realistic, useful and inspirational space programme. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Case For Renewed Human Exploration Of The Moon

The European Space Agency, ESA, is currently studying 3 high-energy astronomy missions that use the International Space Station (ISS). These are Lobster-ISS, an all-sky imaging X-ray monitor, the Extreme Universe Space Observatory (EUSO) which will study the highest energy cosmic rays by using the Earth's atmosphere as a giant detector and XEUS — the X-ray Evolving Universe Spectroscopy Mission, a potential successor to ESA's XMM-Newton X-ray observatory. These first 2 missions will he attached to the external platforms on the Columbus module, while XEUS will visit the ISS to attach additional X-ray mirrors to enlarge the original 4.5 m diameter mirrors to the 10 m diameter required to observed redshifted iron lines from massive black holes in the early Universe. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

数字滤波初值化方案的数值实验

本文以一个有限区域16层斜压原始方程模式为基础,对数字滤波初值化方案进行了数值试验,并与平衡初值及实测风初值等方案的积分结果进行了比较、结果表明：数字滤波初值化能有效地滤掉初始场中的高频重力波和小尺度扰动,使客观分析质量得到明显改进;该方法易于引入非绝热过程,能有效抑制积分初期的Spinup现象;形势预报和降水预报均较其它方案有所改进。     

SD智能数显仪通信功能及其集散控制系统

本文从硬件与软件两方面论述了ＳＤ智能数显仪与个人计算机之间的串行通信原理,并简述了其在工业自动化领域集散控制系统中的应用     

An Image Analysis Technique for Exploration of Manganese Nodules

In order to develop the mineral resources contained in manganese nodules of the deep sea, the Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute (KORDI) has explored the area allocated by the United Nations in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone in the northeastern Pacific. During research cruises, the seabed surface was photographed every 30 s by the KORDI Deep Tow Imaging System (DTIS). Features such as the coverage and size distribution of manganese nodules on the photographs serve as the essential information to determine the potential mining areas. This article presents (semi)automatic procedures to extract the useful features from the photographs of the seabed surface using digital image processing techniques. The 35-mm films are first digitized by the film scanner. The depth information written on the film is then recognized to compensate for distortions due to nonuniform illumination. The nodule areas on the digitized image are recognized and separated from the background based on the characteristics of the nodules. The nodule coverage and distribution of nodule diameters are then calculated from the processed image. The proposed technique has been applied to sample photographs of the seabed surface. Experimental results indicate that the technique could be utilized as an efficient tool to process the massive collection of photographs of the seabed surface.     

数字水准仪的原理及误差分析

本文论述了数字水准仪（Ｌｅｉｃａ ＮＡ３００３和ＺＥＩＳＳ ＤＩＮＩ１２）的基本测量原理和误差来源,并与光学水准仪的误差进行了比较,通过误差分析,对数字水准仪的使用提出了一些建议。