牙鲆肠道内弧菌拮抗菌的分离与筛选

根据微生态学原理,用普通培养基和选择性培养基相结合的方法,分离健康牙鲆肠道内的固有菌群。对获得的菌株进行弧菌的抑制试验,以筛选弧菌拮抗菌。用点种法初步筛选出6株对致病性弧菌有不同抑制作用的拮抗细菌（G12,G13,G14,G15,G16,Y1-13）。进一步研究它们的抑菌活性,在上清液抑菌试验中,G12,G13,G14,G15,G16这5株菌均未表现出抑菌作用,表明它们的抑菌活性较弱,而且受环境条件的影响。在Y1-13和弧菌混合培养实验中,弧菌的数量均明显低于对照组弧菌的数量,表明Y1-13对弧菌具有较强的抑制作用,有望通过生物学和鱼体保护等方面的研究,将其制成微生态制剂应用于牙鲆的养殖。     

苗期中国对虾幼体异养细菌区系及其变化与病害发生的关系

研究了2个育苗场不同发育期的中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)幼体的异养菌和弧菌种群变化的动态过程。以典型特征法、BIOLOGGN法和数值分类法对菌株进行鉴定。结果表明，对虾幼体样品中所分离的细菌，大多是革兰氏阴性杆菌。鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)和弧菌属(Vibrio)。弧菌属主要为溶藻弧菌(Vibrioal-ginozyticus)和哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)。在对虾幼体发育早期，假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)和气单胞菌(Aeromonas)占优势，随着对虾幼体的发育，弧菌(Vibrio)渐成为优势，其中溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)和哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)优势明显。二者的消长与苗期病害的发生相关，溶藻弧菌总是在虾幼体健康时出现或成为优势，而哈维氏弧菌成为优势时，苗期病害容易发生。     

Nutrient distributions in baroclinic eddies of the oligotrophic North Atlantic and inferred impacts on biology

High-sensitivity (nanomolar) techniques for nitrate and phosphate were applied to study nutrient patterns in the euphotic zone of mesoscale eddies in the Sargasso Sea during the EDDIES project. Surface concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite (DNN) and phosphate (DIP) were found in the range of 1–20 nM with substantial spatial variability in the eddies, with resulting mean N:P molar ratios of 2.1. Chlorophyll biomass was well correlated with DNN but not DIP in the upper euphotic zone, suggesting N-limitation of marine phytoplankton at this time of year. Within the upper 140 m, the water column experienced a transition from a P-enriched (relative to Redfield ratio) shallow layer to a N-enriched deep layer, which may suggest downward transport and subsequent remineralization of high N/P biogenic products presumably originating from N₂ fixation. Chlorophyll biomass in the deep chlorophyll maximum of eddies was found to be tightly related to eddy–induced variability in major nutrients (N, P, Si) and nutrient stoichiometry, suggesting that the impact of eddies on biology is through control of nutrient availability. Because the eddies were likely to be in various phases of development (different degrees of both biological and physical maturity), full interpretation of eddy data and dynamics will require better coverage of a full eddy life cycle.     

Seasonality of microzooplankton grazing in the northern Wadden Sea

A sequence of nine dilution experiments was conducted according to Landry and Hassett [Landry, M.R., Hassett, R.P., 1982. Estimating the grazing impact of marine microzooplankton. Mar. Biol. 67, 283–288] in the northern Wadden Sea from March until October 2004 to investigate the seasonality of microzooplankton grazing. From March until April, no grazing was observed. Microzooplankton grazing started in May (0.66 d^− 1) and increased until August (1.22 d^− 1). In October microzooplankton grazing was low again (0.17 d^− 1). Phytoplankton growth rates varied between 0 and 1.1 d^− 1. Since the reliability of dilution experiments is still frequently discussed in literature, we tested if our data obtained by dilution experiments reflected short-term in situ phytoplankton dynamics of the study site. We scaled experimental growth rates to water column irradiance, calculated short-term chlorophyll-a dynamics and compared the results to in situ measured chlorophyll-a concentrations. Calculated chlorophyll-a concentrations correlated significantly with in situ measured chlorophyll-a concentrations but slightly overestimated the in situ measured chlorophyll-a. This overestimation was in the range of phytoplankton assimilation reported for the Wadden Sea benthos. We will show that microzooplankton grazing had a large impact during the Phaeocystis bloom and during summer suggesting that a large proportion of phytoplankton biomass remained the pelagic food web. Microzooplankton grazing did not impact the diatom spring bloom and its demise.     

中国北方安加拉植物群

中国北方发育的安加拉植物群是我国晚古生代植物区系的重要组成部分,主要分布于边疆省区,自石炭纪至二叠纪均有发育。安加拉植物群与其相关的华夏植物群在早二叠世及以前,在各自分布区平行发展,仅在晚二叠世出现少数植物分子相互迁移至对方地区形成混生现象,这与地质构造发展关系密切。     

新疆吐哈盆地东北缘早二叠世安加拉植物群及古气候条件

地处吐哈盆地东北缘的哈密天山乡二道沟一带下二叠统依尔希土组产出大量植物化石,经鉴定有5属13种。该植物群以科达类为主,几乎全为安加拉植物区的常见分子,建立了Angaropteridium-Noeggerathiopsis-Nephropsis组合,经对比确定其时代为早二叠世。利用植物群组成及植物化石叶相统计分析,推断吐哈盆地早二叠世处于相对温暖湿润、具有明显波动的温带气候,存在着周期性的干-湿转变及年度的季节性变化。     

PALEO-ENVIRONMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION DURING THE PERIOD OF NANJING HOMO ERECTUS

Following a quite intact skull fossil of adult female Homo Erectus was found at Huludong cave, Leigong Mountain, Tangshan town, Jiangning County, Nanjing City on March 13,1993. Yet another skull fossil of Homo Erectus (adult male) was found on April 17,1993 also at this area. MU Xi nan et al.and XU Qin qi et al. had reported the finding of the fossil man and fossil mammalian, but at that time they hadn't dated the fossil man yet (MU,1993;XU,1993). Later an archaeology team joint…     

中国东北地区东部白垩纪植物群及地层新知

中国东北地区东部白垩纪陆相地层发育,富含动、植物化石,并形成了重要的煤及油页岩等矿产.这里还保存了我国除西藏外唯一的早白垩世最早期海相地层的记录,对研究我国白垩纪古地理具有重要意义.近年来,这一地区在白垩纪地层古生物研究中有许多新发现,其中有些新发现还填补了东北地区某些地层“空白”.本文简要介绍上述新发现并对这一地区晚白垩世植物群与以恐龙为代表的动物群的协同演化做初步探讨.     

青岛发现特异埋藏的全新世植物化石群

青岛市全新世陆相地层共分4层,从底到顶被前人分别命名为第⑨,⑦,⑤和③层,以粉土、粉质粘土和砂为主要沉积物。近来笔者在该市国际会议展览中心二期工程工地施工期间,从出露的全新世陆相地层的第⑤和③层的粉土及粘土中发现一个特异埋藏的大植物化石群。两层中均筛出大量保存三维立体结构的果实和种子标本。第⑤层顶部还产出枝叶、木材化石。产地附近的新钻孔材料同位素测年值显示,第⑦层底部、第⑤层顶部及第③层顶部¹⁴C测定年龄分别为6264±80aB.P.,4805±150aB.P.和3550±115aB.P.。对青岛市国际会议展览中心二期工程工地剖面植物群的初步研究结果表明,第⑤层顶部产出的枝叶、木材化石类群较单一,大多数属于壳斗科落叶类群,但从第⑤和③两层筛出的近万枚果实和种子标本却显示了丰富的类群多样性及良好的分层性,目前已鉴定的标本隶属于24科、38属、62种(包括未定种),全部为被子植物。该分层保存的特异埋藏的大植物化石群的发现,为探讨青岛地区全新世植被演替过程、气候变化及其与人类社会发展的关系提供了丰富的材料。     

植物区系地理研究中的重要参数——相似性系数*

相似性系数的正确理解和运用,对植物区系地理学中的植物区系分区、过渡区的植物区系地理属性及植物区系起源演化都具有重要的理论意义。文中通过相似性系数、种相似性系数、属相似性系数和科相似性系数等术语的阐述,提出了"区系相似性系数(Coeficient of simi-larity of flora)"概念。简要介绍了属或种(或科)相似性系数在应用中存在的问题和解决的办法。并建议在植物区系地理比较研究中采取统一、科学的计算公式。