库车坳陷克拉苏构造带白垩系砂岩埋藏成岩环境的封闭性及其胶结作用分异特征

以库车坳陷克拉苏构造带白垩系巴什基奇克组为研究层段,分别通过层间泥岩硼元素含量和碳酸盐胶结物流体包体显微测温,对不同成岩期地层流体盐度进行示踪对比.由于自沉积初始至埋藏成岩期碳酸盐胶结阶段,研究层段经历一段较为稳定的构造时期,再加上沉积及构造疏导体系的缺失,地层流体始终缺乏大规模交换与改造,不同成岩场之间水-岩体系在这一阶段呈现出一定的封闭性特征,使得研究层段在碳酸盐胶结期孔隙流体盐度时空分异较好地延续了同沉积期水体盐度的分异规律,这种延续性不仅体现在平面上,也体现在垂向上.研究层段在碳酸盐胶结期后经历了强烈的构造活动,但由于断层的封堵并未对流体介质进行有效的疏导,先期形成的碳酸盐胶结分异规律因而未受到明显干扰,从而呈现出同沉积地层水体盐度时空分异特征造就了埋藏成岩期碳酸盐胶结作用的时空分异规律.     

新疆准噶尔北东缘扎格依库都克金矿床流体包裹体与同位素地球化学研究

扎格依库都克金矿床产于下石炭统黑山头组一套火山-火山碎屑岩中,矿体呈脉状、网脉状,含矿岩石主要为含硫化物的石英脉。围岩蚀变以硅化、黄铁矿化、绢云母化、碳酸盐化为主。流体包裹体显微测温显示成矿流体温度165°C^284°C,盐度集中于6~14%NaCL.eq。含金石英脉H、O同位素结果显示其早期成矿流体为岩浆水和大气降水混合流体,中晚期以大气降水为主。矿石中黄铁矿S同位素具幔源硫特征。根据矿床地质特征与成矿流体性质,初步认为该矿床为浅成热液型金矿。     

钦杭成矿带东段燕山期中酸性岩浆活动时空演化与成矿规律

钦杭成矿带东段处于华夏地块与扬子地块的交接部位,其特殊的构造背景造就了其独特的岩浆事件与成矿作用。本文详细总结了燕山期中酸性岩浆时空演化与成矿规律,认为钦杭成矿带东段燕山期岩浆活动是连续的,可分为"两期四阶段":早期早阶段(180~160Ma)主要形成I型花岗岩,早期晚阶段(160~145Ma)形成I型、S型花岗岩,晚期早阶段(145~125Ma)以形成S型花岗岩为主(136Ma之后开始形成A型花岗岩),晚期晚阶段(125~100Ma)主要形成A型花岗岩。以东乡-德兴I型花岗岩带为岩浆活动中心,总体经历了从西往东,从I型→S型→A型的演化过程。按成矿专属性,将I型花岗岩分为两种类型:I_1型花岗岩以形成铜(金)铅锌铁多金属矿床为特色,I_2型花岗岩主要形成钨钼矿;将S型花岗岩分为三类:S_1型花岗岩主要形成钨锡钼矿床,高分异的S_2型花岗岩形成铌钽矿,S_3型花岗岩主要形成铅锌银铀矿床;A型花岗岩则具备I型、S型两种花岗岩的成矿特征。与岩浆作用一致,成矿作用也是连续的,可分为相应的"两期四阶段"。成岩成矿的时空演化过程主要受太平洋板块俯冲过程中动力条件变化的控制,导致不同部位的基底地层发生熔融,发生不同程度的壳幔相互作用。     

Diagenetic differences caused by the charging of natural gases with various compositions - a case study on the lower Zhuhai Formation clastic reservoirs in the WC-A sag,the Pearl River Mouth Basin

Only a limited number of comparative studies have explored the diagenetic differences of reservoirs caused by the charging of natural gases with different compositions during the migration and accumulation of oil and gas. In this study, we quantitatively assessed the diagenetic variations of the lower Zhuhai Formation reservoirs in the WC-A sag, the Pearl River Mouth Basin, as a result of natural gas charging with different compositions. The employed methods included electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, cathode luminescence, X-ray diffraction, chemical composition analysis of formation water, stable isotope analysis, and fluid inclusion determination. The results indicated that: (1) in the lower Zhuhai Formation reservoir that are near the large fractures, the late-charging of CO₂-rich thermal fluid promoted the dissolution of minerals, and changed the porosity, permeability, pH value of fluid, and the contents of ions such as K⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺ of the reservoirs. These changes, in turn, indirectly affected the content, form, and distribution of clay minerals in the reservoirs. In addition, the secondary enlargement of quartz was enhanced. (2) The charging of CO₂-rich thermal fluid caused strong dissolution and produced high contents of cements. The dissolution mainly occurred in a half open system with strong fluid activity. Consequently, the significantly decreasing of permeability was hindered and middle porosity–middle permeability reservoirs were generated. The reservoirs that are far from the large fractures, however, were mainly early charged by the hydrocarbon-rich fluid. The dissolution was weak and the generated cements were limited. In addition, the dissolution products could not be discharged in such closed diagenetic systems. As a result, the permeability of the reservoir was declined sharply and resulted in low porosity–low permeability reservoirs.     

甘肃氡突变型变化成因及其预报效能分析

氡的突变型变化是地震短临预报的主要依据。通过对甘肃省17个氡测点的突变型变化进行分析,发现引起氡突变的成因有干扰因素(温度、降雨、流量、观测仪器以及人为因素等)和地震。除5个测点干扰因素引起的氡突变比例比较高(≥50%)外,其它测点的成因大部分不明确。除连城水氡点外其它单个测点对应地震事件不明显。分区多井成组突变分析结果显示甘东南地区突变点成组项次达到5项并逐月增加可能会发生地震,而祁连山地区并没有此特征。     

Analysis of cyclogenesis parameter for developing and nondeveloping low-pressure systems over the Indian Sea

A cyclone genesis parameter, termed the genesis potential parameter (GPP), for the Indian Sea is proposed. The parameter is defined as the product of four variables, namely vorticity at 850 hPa, middle tropospheric relative humidity, middle tropospheric instability, and the inverse of vertical wind shear. The variables are calculated using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), USA, reanalysis data, averaged within a circle of 2.5° radius around the centre of cyclonic system. The parameter is tested with a sample dataset of 35 nondeveloping and developing low-pressure systems that formed over the Indian Sea during the period 1995–2005. The result shows that there is a distinction between GPP values for nondeveloping and developing systems in more than 85% cases. The composite GPP value is found to be around three to five times greater for developing systems than for nondeveloping systems. The analysis of the parameter at early development stage of a cyclonic storm appears to provide a useful predictive signal for intensification of the system.     

东川矿区火山岩-侵入岩的改造-成矿作用

东川大型-超大型铜、铁、金综合矿区,受改造形成的层状富铜矿;后生的含银脉状铜矿;普遍伴生Nb2O5的后生含铜磁铁矿及成因与深部隐伏碱性岩有关的金矿,其工业矿体的形成都与多旋回火山-岩浆（晋宁-澄江期与燕山-喜马拉雅期为主）的改造、成矿作用有关。     

江苏南部常熟虞山下蜀土成因探讨

通过虞山山脊上之下蜀土剖面特征、结构构造、物质组成以及新构造运动的表现等研究,结合与区域下蜀土的对比来讨论苏南丘陵山区及孤山上的下蜀土的成因,认为在下蜀土的形成过程中,风是第一搬运营力,是主要的;水是第二搬运营力,是次要的。其成因应为风源水成。     

欧亚冬季温带反气旋活动的气候特征

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析数据,通过判定和追踪温带反气旋的客观方法统计分析了1948-2013年欧亚地区冬季温带反气旋的生成、消亡、移动、生命史、强度等气候特征。结果表明,反气旋的主要源地位于蒙古高原、伊朗及其周边地区、地中海沿岸、中西伯利亚、波罗的海西北部、俄罗斯东北部等地,其中,蒙古高原和伊朗等地也是强反气旋最主要的源地。反气旋活动的大值分布区和反气旋生成的大值中心分布十分相似,主要活跃区对应低空平均经向温度梯度大值区和高空脊前。除源于蒙古高原和西伯利亚东北部的强、弱反气旋的移动距离差别不明显外,其他地区的反气旋移动距离与强度有密切关系。持续1-2 d的反气旋占总数的44.2%,而只有3.2%的反气旋生命史超过一周,且强反气旋比弱反气旋更易持续较长时间。