Late Paleozoic to Mesozoic extension in southwestern Fujian Province,South China: Geochemical,geochronological and Hf isotopic constraints from basic-intermediate dykes

The tectonic evolution of SE China block since late Paleozoic remains debated.Here we present a new set of zircon U-Pb geochronological,Lu-Hf isotopic data and whole-rock geochemistry for two stages of basicintermediate dykes from the southwestern Fujian.The samples were collected from the NE-trending(mainly diabases) and NW-trending(mainly diabasic diorites) dykes and yielded zircon U-Pb ages of 315 and 141 Ma,with ε_(Hf)(t) values of-8.90 to 7.49 and-23.39 to-7.15(corresponding to T_(DM2) values of 850 to 1890 Ma and 737 to 2670 Ma),respectively.Geochemically these rocks are characterized by low TiO_2(0.91-1.73 wt.%)and MgO(3.04-7.96 wt.%),and high Al_2O_3(12.5-16.60 wt.%) and K_2O(0.60-3.63 wt.%).Further they are enriched in LREEs and ULEs(Rb,Ba,Th and K).but depleted in HFSEs(Nb,Ta and Zr).The tectonic discrimination analysis revealed that the dykes were formed in an intraplate extensional environment.However,the NW trending dykes show crust-mantle mixed composition,which indicate an extensional tectonic setting with evidence for crustal contamination.The SE China block experienced two main stages of extensional tectonics from late Carboniferous to early Cretaceous.The tectonic evolution of the SE China block from late Devonian to Cretaceous is also evaluated.     

构造控制风化岩边坡侧旋滑移及监测结果映现——以高陂水利枢纽右岸边坡为例

本文以梅州市大埔韩江高陂水利枢纽右岸边坡为例,据现场工程地质勘察、钻探开挖揭露和坡体变形监测数据,分析该风化花岗岩边坡地质特点及不同开挖阶段监测点的位移。发现该边坡的滑移受到地质构造控制:断裂控制其后缘拉裂缝;节理密集带控制东边界侧缘沟谷;与斑状花岗岩相伴生的辉绿岩脉控制其西边界。工程上采取关闭滑体中部通过的公路、补充地质勘探、加强变形体监测、滑体中上部快速削方卸载、保护好西缘辉绿岩脉之下起抗剪支撑作用的块状斑状花岗岩体、减少西侧缘坡脚开挖范围并及早回填砼挡土墙、滑坡前缘跳槽式开挖等工程抢险和加固处理措施,取得了预期效果,保证了坡脚尾水房挡土墙下挖期间的施工安全。     

甘肃柳园地区晚三叠世辉绿岩脉年代学和地球化学研究及其对北山造山带早中生代构造演化的指示

位于中亚造山带中段南缘的北山地区,不仅是我国北方重要的三叠纪多金属成矿带,也是诠释中亚造山带南缘早中生代构造演化的关键区域。甘肃柳园地区位于北山南带,区内缺失三叠纪沉积记录,花岗质复式岩体和中酸性岩脉十分发育,基性岩脉也有分布,从而为探究北山早中生代构造演化提供了重要条件。基于此,本文对甘肃柳园地区晚三叠世辉绿岩脉开展了系统的锆石U-Pb-Hf同位素和全岩主量、微量元素分析。LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb分析显示,辉绿岩形成于227.5±1.4Ma,年代为晚三叠世。全岩地球化学分析显示,辉绿岩具有高Mg^#（65~70）、较高Ni含量（110×10^-6~157×10^-6）、轻重稀土分馏不明显（（La/Y）_N为1.42~1.94）、无或弱Eu正异常、强烈亏损Nb、Ta和Zr、Hf弱富集的特征。较高的（Th/Nb）_N（>1）和较低的Nb/La（< 1）比值,稳定的La/Nb和Th/Nb比值说明其岩浆侵位过程中壳源物质的混染不强;而较高的Th/Yb比值,较低的Th/U和La/Nb比值说明源区存在一定俯冲物质的参与;此外,较低的Nb/Yb、Th/U,明显的Nb和Ta负异常,平坦的HREE配分形式排除了来自OIB类似岩浆源区的可能;而较低的Nb/Yb比值及较高的ε_Hf（t）值（平均值为1.08）说明镁铁质岩浆主要来自亏损的软流圈地幔。因此,该辉绿岩更可能源于受俯冲作用改造的亏损软流圈地幔的部分熔融,此幔源熔体在上升过程中与大陆岩石圈发生相互作用,导致少量壳源物质的混染。结合区内二叠纪基性-超基性岩脉的地球化学特征,本文认为辉绿岩岩浆源区受到先前俯冲物质的混染,辉绿岩形成于晚三叠世软流圈上隆的岩石圈伸展构造背景。在系统分析前人关于柳园地区早二叠至晚三叠世中酸性和基性-超基性侵入岩锆石Hf同位素数据后,本文发现：自~280Ma至~220Ma,北山南部中-酸性侵入岩锆石ε_Hf（t）值具有先降后升的变化趋势,而同期基性-超基性岩锆石ε_Hf（t）值主要呈逐渐降低走势。结合前人关于二叠纪至三叠纪区域构造变形、盆地沉积物源、岩浆演化和成矿作用等研究,本文认为Hf同位素的上述变化与北山南部构造演化有关,指示该区的碰撞造山可能持续到早-中三叠世,并在晚三叠世进入造山后伸展环境。该认识进一步完善了北山地区自晚古生代至早中生代的构造演化过程。

     

北大巴山早古生代双模式火成岩套:以高滩辉绿岩和蒿坪粗面岩为例

北大巴山辉绿岩类和粗面岩属碱性系列。它们是加里东晚期形成的双模式火成岩套。两类岩石均以富集REE、Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta、Th、U、Rb、Sr、Ba等不相容元素,亏损Cr、Ni等相容元素为特征,具相近的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i初始比值(辉绿岩为0.705995,粗面岩为0.705096)。地质产状、岩石学、同位素、地球化学等资料表明,辉绿岩和粗面岩系由同源原生岩浆经液态不混溶作用生成的两个独立的派生岩浆——富钛富铁的镁铁质熔体和高硅富钾的硅铝质熔体,再经不同程度演化冷凝结晶而成。     

Imaging the heterogeneity of mineral surface reactivity using Ag(I) and synchrotron X-ray microscopy

Microscopic-scale imaging of reduced zones on the surfaces of minerals can be achieved by reaction with dilute Ag(I) solutions and subsequent analysis using synchrotron X-ray microscopy (XRM) above the Ag K-edge (25.5 keV). The principal reductant is Fe(II), but other reductants such as sulfide may contribute. Reduced zones may exist instrinsically, as in the structure of biotite and augite, or may be generated by reaction with chemical agents such as dithionite or treatment with sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). We demonstrate the method on flakes of specular hematite and biotite, as well as on thin sections of different rocks (arfvedsonitic granite, oolitic hematite, diabase, and quartz conglomerate) treated with SRB, and discuss possible artifacts that can occur. To our knowledge, this is the only microscopic technique that can image Fe(II) zones on the surface of an Fe-bearing mineral with monolayer sensitivity.     

喀雅克登塔格北坡辉绿岩地球化学特征及构造背景研究

根据测区涉及不同时代、不同期次的岩浆岩特征,通过对采集样品的分析,并根据相关由岩浆岩的微量元素地球化学特征判别岩浆形成的大地构造环境和岩浆源区的化学性质的判别理论和方法。对测区范围内的辉绿岩主要特征、岩石地球化学特征、稀土元素特征及微量元素特征进行了分析类比,从而揭示了喀雅克登塔格辉绿岩属于大陆拉斑玄武岩系列钙碱性岩,来源于较富集的地幔源区,岩石成因属幔源型侵入岩。     

江南造山带西段新元古代构造演化——来自湘西怀化辉绿岩中辉石、黑云母成分的启示

关于江南造山带的新元古代构造演化背景素有地幔柱—裂谷模型、岛弧模型及板块—裂谷模型之争,其争论的焦点在于扬子与华夏板块碰撞的具体时间,以及聚合后裂解的动力学环境。本文选取江南造山带西段湘西怀化地区~788 Ma辉绿岩中的单斜辉石和黑云母为研究对象,采用电子探针和激光剥蚀—等离子体质谱仪对其化学成分进行了精确测定,以期进一步约束该地区的成岩构造背景。怀化辉绿岩中的单斜辉石可分为普通辉石和透辉石两种,根据单斜辉石的n(Ca)/ n(Al)值（3.48~7.15）和高w(Ti)/w(Eu)值（>1500）的特征,本文判断江南造山带西段的新元古代地幔可能遭受了硅酸盐熔体和俯冲流体的多重交代作用。单斜辉石温压计的估算结果表明,普通辉石的结晶温度为1080~1112 ℃,结晶压力0.3~0.6 GPa,对应的深度为9.1~20.8 km;而透辉石的结晶温度为1237~1274 ℃,结晶压力1.0~1.32 GPa,对应的深度为31.8~42.6 km。综合单斜辉石和黑云母的微量元素特征（单斜辉石的Al、Ti、Ca、Na等元素和黑云母的Mg、Fe等元素）、岩浆系列和构造环境判别图解,表明该区的亚碱性拉斑玄武质岩浆来自于上地幔顶部与地壳结合的部位,是软流圈地幔部分熔融产生的板内碱性玄武质岩岩浆上升到浅部发生结晶分异作用形成的。结合区域的构造演化特征,本文提出一种三阶段的改进板块—裂谷模型,用以描述江南造山带西部的新元古代构造背景。     

西藏南木林晚白垩世辉绿岩与花岗质脉岩成因及其揭示的伸展背景

青藏高原南部拉萨地块晚白垩世岩浆岩带的岩石成因和动力学对于揭示大陆碰撞之前的特提斯演化过程具有重要意义。本文报道了南木林县南部的辉绿岩岩株及侵入其中的正长花岗岩脉的锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素和微量元素以及岩石地球化学数据,并探讨了晚白垩世构造-岩浆作用过程。辉绿岩年龄为93.8Ma,正长花岗岩脉年龄为92.4Ma,为同期晚白垩世岩浆活动产物。辉绿岩富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,锆石εHf(t)为+8.5~+14.2,具有亏损的岛弧岩浆特征,可能是俯冲交代的地幔楔熔体与软流圈熔体相互作用发生部分熔融的产物;正长花岗岩具有富Si O2(74.76%~76.02%)、富K2O(4.75%~6.18%)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=7.57%~8.44%),以及过铝质特征(A/CNK=1.10~1.18),εHf(t)为+7.7~+13.0,岩石属于高分异的I型花岗岩,可能源于新生的镁铁质下地壳的部分熔融。从南木林地区产出的基性岩和酸性脉岩构成的"双峰式"岩石组合、靠近弧后的伸展构造背景、软流圈和岩石圈的共同参与、上地幔和下地壳同时产生岩浆作用等过程,结合78~100Ma岩浆作用大规模东西向带状分布等研究结果,本文认为南木林南部岩浆岩可能是在新特提斯洋壳北向俯冲挤压的同时,在大约90~100Ma时期,深部发生了板片断离或者板片回转,浅部造成了弧后伸展的构造背景。位于板片窗上方,源于交代地幔楔和软流圈相互作用产生了镁铁质岩浆,上侵后诱发下地壳部分熔融形成花岗质岩浆。基性岩石、花岗质岩石以及特殊类型的紫苏花岗岩、埃达克岩等多种岩石类型并存,表明晚白垩世时期,特提斯洋向着拉萨地块之下的总体俯冲背景下,可能存在洋脊俯冲、板片断离、板片回转等多种构造-岩浆体制。     

塔里木西北缘三叠纪伸展作用:来自柯坪辉绿岩地球化学、锆石U‐Pb年代学的证据

为了探讨塔里木北缘构造岩浆演化,采用锆石年代学、岩石地球化学方法对柯坪辉绿岩进行研究。LA‐ICP‐MS锆石U‐Pb结果表明其为中‐晚三叠世岩浆活动的产物。辉绿岩SiO2含量为45.68%~46.97%、TiO2为3.98%~4.03%、Al2O3为14.81%~14.90%、K2O/Na2O为0.39~0.42,属于高钾碱性系列。微量元素特征表明,有微弱的Ce负异常(δCe=0.95~0.99),Eu异常不明显(δEu=0.98~1.00),总体富集大离子亲石元素和LREE,高场强元素相对亏损。柯坪辉绿岩、阿图什辉绿岩与柯坪玄武岩、巴楚辉绿岩等具有相似的源区和一致的构造背景,均为拉张背景下形成,但却分属不同的构造事件。研究表明早石炭世南天山洋闭合,晚石炭世—早二叠世柯坪地区为塔里木北缘的具有前陆盆地性质的残留海盆,受地幔柱影响柯坪—巴楚地区出现大规模岩浆活动。二叠纪之后塔里木北缘为后碰撞伸展背景。三叠纪南天山—塔里木北缘为拉伸走滑的构造背景,本文的辉绿岩,正是在这种背景下形成的。     

Platinum-group elemental geochemistry of mafic and ultramafic rocks from the Xigaze ophiolite, southern Tibet

The Xigaze ophiolite in the central part of the Yarlung–Zangbo suture zone, southern Tibet, has a well-preserved sequence of sheeted dykes, basalts, cumulates and mantle peridotites at Jiding and Luqu. Both the basalts and diabases at Jiding have similar compositions with SiO₂ ranging from 45.9 to 53.5 wt%, MgO from 3.1 to 6.8 wt% and TiO₂ from 0.87 to 1.21 wt%. Their Mg^#s [100Mg/(Mg + Fe)] range from 40 to 60, indicating crystallization from relatively evolved magmas. They have LREE-depleted, chondrite-normalized REE diagrams, suggesting a depleted mantle source. These basaltic rocks have slightly negative Nb- and Ti-anomalies, suggesting that the Xigaze ophiolite represents a fragment of mature MORB lithosphere modified in a suprasubduction zone environment. The mantle peridotites at Luqu are high depleted with low CaO (0.3–1.2 wt%) and Al₂O₃ (0.04–0.42 wt%). They display V-shaped, chondrite-normalized REE patterns with (La/Gd)_N ratios ranging from 3.17 to 64.6 and (Gd/Yb)_N from 0.02 to 0.20, features reflecting secondary metasomatism by melts derived from the underlying subducted slab. Thus, the geochemistry of both the basaltic rocks and mantle peridotites suggests that the Xigaze ophiolite formed in a suprasubduction zone.Both the diabases and basalts have Pd/Ir ratios ranging from 7 to 77, similar to MORB. However, they have very low PGE abundances, closely approximating the predicted concentration in a silicate melt that has fully equilibrated with a fractionated immiscible sulfide melt, indicating that the rocks originated from magmas that were S-saturated before eruption. Moderate degrees of partial melting and early precipitation of PGE alloys explain their high Pd/Ir ratios and negative Pt-anomalies. The mantle peridotites contain variable amounts of Pd (5.99–13.5 ppb) and Pt (7.92–20.5 ppb), and have a relatively narrow range of Ir (3.47–5.01 ppb). In the mantle-normalized Ni, PGE, Au and Cu diagram, they are relatively rich in Pd and depleted in Cu. There is a positive correlation between CaO and Pd. The Pd enrichment is possibly due to secondary enrichment by metasomatism. Al₂O₃ and Hf do not correlate with Ir, but show positive variations with Pt, Pd and Au, indicating that some noble metals can be enriched by metasomatic fluids or melts carrying a little Al and Hf. We propose a model in which the low PGE contents and high Pd/Ir ratios of the basaltic rocks reflect precipitation of sulfides and moderate degrees of partial melting. The high Pd mantle peridotites of Xigaze ophiolites were formed by secondary metasomatism by a boninitic melt above a subduction zone.