甘肃北山地区黑山铜镍矿化基性—超基性杂岩体 SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

黑山铜镍矿床位于塔里木板块东北部的北山裂谷带内,庙庙井－双鹰山深大断裂南侧,含矿基性—超基性复式杂岩体侵位于青白口系大豁落山组和寒武系双鹰山组中。矿化主要赋存于杂岩体内的橄榄岩和角闪辉长岩内。采用锆石离子探针微区原位（SHRIMP）法获得矿化角闪辉长岩中锆石的U-Pb年龄为374.6Ma±5.2Ma,表明该含矿杂岩体的侵位及矿化作用均发生于晚泥盆世。这一年龄数据的获得不仅对重新认识北山地区的地质构造演化具有重要意义,而且为北山地区开展铜镍矿找矿提出了新方向。     

新疆西准噶尔布龙果尔古油藏的发现及其石油地质意义

本文记述了首次在西准噶尔布龙果尔地区发现的古油藏基本地质情况,探讨古油藏产出的地质层位及时代归属,对古油藏油源问题进行了初步分析,在此基础上提出古油藏成藏预测模式.认为上古生界古油藏所在的和布克河组一段地质时代为晚泥盆世法门期,中生界古油藏产出层位为下侏罗统八道湾组;推断和布克河组古油藏油源可能来自中泥盆统呼吉尔斯特组...     

Late Silurian to Early Devonian Palynomorphs from Qujing, Yunnan, Southwest China

Well-preserved and diversified spores, cryptospores, and acritarchs have been recorded from a relatively continuous sequence that encompasses the Silurian–Devonian boundary in Qujing, Yunnan, southwest China. Four spore assemblage zones from Late Silurian to Early Devonian in age are proposed based on the first appearance datum (FAD) of characteristic spore species. In ascending stratigraphic order, they are Ambitisporites dilutus–Apiculiretusispora synorea (DS; Late Ludfordian to Early Pridoli), Synorisporites verrucatus–Apiculiretusispora plicata (VP; Pridoli), Apiculiretusispora minuta–Leiotriletes ornatus (MO; Lochkovian), and Verrucosisporites polygonalis–Dibolisporites wetteldorfensis (PW; Pragian). The acritarch assemblage from the upper part of the Yulongsi Formation, the Xiaxishancun Formation, and the lower–middle parts of the Xitun Formation indicates an age of Late Silurian. Based on palynological evidence, the upper part of the Yulongsi Formation is considered Late Ludfordian to Early Pridoli in age; the Xiaxishancun Formation is believed to be Pridoli in age; the Xitun Formation is considered Late Pridoli to Early Lochkovian in age; the Guijiatun Formation is considered Lochkovian in age; and the Xujiachong Formation is Late Lochkovian to Pragian in age. The Silurian-Devonian boundary is recognized between the VP and the MO spore biozones, and occurs within the middle part of the Xitun Formation.     

The marine Devonian stratigraphy of Great Britain

Exposed marine Devonian rocks of Great Britain are in South-West England where successions together span most of the Devonian Period. The Geological Conservation Review (GCR) sites of the volume are located in Cornwall and Devon, the latter providing the historic stratotype of the Devonian System. Site stratigraphies are linked to basins of three sub-provinces. Those represent different, albeit largely penecontemporaneous, tectonosedimentary regimes of the differing settings of the Rhenohercynian Zone. The sites and their selection criteria based on their international and national importance in understanding Devonian geological history are listed. A History of Research section provides a detailed review of work on the Devonian rocks of the province from 1839, when Sedgwick and Murchison proposed establishment of the system, to the present and the recent recognition of the relationships between its numerous successions and their dependence upon, extensional and contractional tectonic structures and processes. Other sections detail the Stratigraphical Framework of Devonian strata; Devonian Chronostratigraphy, tracing development and refinement of the Series’ and Stages of the system; and Biostratigraphy, in relation to the faunal groups of the province and their relevance to biozone establishment and environmental discrimination. The chapter concludes with an explanation of current understanding of the evolution of the plate settings of the province that determined the nature of the marine Devonian and its stratigraphy in South-West England.     

Palaeosols and palaeokarst beneath subaerial unconformities in an Upper Devonian isolated reef complex (Judy Creek), Swan Hills Formation,west‐central Alberta,Canada

Subaerial unconformities are used widely for palaeoenvironmental and palaeogeographic reconstructions, sequence stratigraphy and petroleum reservoir assessments. Recognition and interpretation of these unconformities, particularly those with associated palaeosols, may be problematic in Lower and Middle Palaeozoic carbonate successions because of the collective effect of limited land plant development, superficial similarities between some pedogenic and marine features, and overprinting by later diagenesis. The isolated Judy Creek reef complex in the Lower Frasnian Swan Hills Formation in west‐central Alberta, Canada, contains two subaerial unconformities, R0.5 and R4, which formed as a consequence of relative sea‐level falls of at least regional scale. Deposits beneath these unconformities have distinctive palaeosol and palaeokarst features. The lower unconformity, R0.5, occurs at the top of a progradational reefal phase of stromatoporoid rudstones–floatstones and peloidal packstones–grainstones and has been recognized in at least one other isolated Swan Hills reef complex (Snipe Lake). Palaeosol–palaeokarst profiles beneath this unconformity extend as deep as ca 2 m below the unconformity. These profiles are characterized by the presence of small rhizoliths, laminar calcretes, ferroan dolomite glaebules, desiccation cracks, breccias, green shale and solution vugs. The upper unconformity, R4, occurs at the top of a backstepping phase of reef growth and has been correlated widely between isolated reefs and carbonate banks on both the western and eastern shelves of the Central Alberta Basin. Palaeosol–palaeokarst profiles, extending as deep as ca 9·5 m beneath the R4 unconformity, are distinguished by abundant, sub‐horizontal desiccation cracks filled with green shale, occurring in peloidal wackestones–packstones. Comparison of the R0.5 and R4 profiles indicates that the major intrinsic controls on the development and modification of the profiles are parent‐material lithology, particularly the prior degree of induration and particle size; the low topographic relief at the top of the reef interior; and limited vegetation of the exposed reef top due to unfavourable growth conditions and geographic isolation. In addition to climate, the major extrinsic controls are the extent of relative sea‐level fall, estimated to be 2·5 to 3 m and 13 to 14 m associated with the R0.5 and R4 unconformities, respectively, and the degree of shoreface erosion during the ensuing marine transgression, estimated to be up to 3 m. This study highlights the complex interplay of mainly physical and chemical processes influencing the formation of subaerial unconformities in carbonate environments during the Devonian, before major evolutionary innovations among vascular land plants led to more intense pedogenesis.     

阿尔及利亚韦德迈阿次盆地438B区块泥盆纪层序-岩相古地理特征

泥盆系是富含油气的阿尔及利亚韦德迈阿次盆地西北部438B区块重要的含油层位之一,可划分出2个三级层序,仅下部的SQ1层序保存较完整;泥盆系属于快速海侵缓慢海退的沉积旋回,由海侵、早期高位和晚期高位3个体系域叠加组成。在SQ1层序中相当体系域级别的地层单元在区域上具有良好的等时性,仅在研究区东、南部外侧构造隆起区明显变薄或局部缺失海侵体系域地层。各体系域中,早期高位体系域的障壁砂坝在纵向上具有更好的可比性,反映该体系域障壁砂坝砂体的发育层位和沉积厚度更稳定,砂体连通性和储集性更好,但上部的SQ2为仅保存部分海侵体系域沉积记录的残余层序。选择SQ1层序各体系域为等时地层单元编制层序-岩相古地理图,编图结果表明:438B区块泥盆纪具备向南东方向弧突的,由浅海陆棚、障壁岛、潟湖、潮坪组成的海湾地貌和分带性沉积格局;在各体系域继承性发展演化的分带性沉积格局中,以早期高位系域中的障壁砂坝和冲溢扇为最有利储层发育的层位、相带和部位。     

湖北省二叠纪梁山组沉积期岩相古地理特征与成煤规律

湖北省二叠纪梁山组沉积期是一次重要的成煤时期,由于煤层的不稳定性,其煤层层数、厚度、煤质等存在明显差异。通过岩性、煤层及古生物的研究对比,查明梁山组自下而上共含煤4层,煤层的形成与沉积特征受岩相古地理环境制约。就整个华南沉积盆地而言,从湖北到湖南,岩相古地理沉积模式为北高南低的古陆-潟湖-障壁岛-广海的沉积格局,湖北境内主要为古陆和海湾潟湖,位于湘鄂交界的江南古陆实为障壁岛,跨过障壁岛,便进入华南广海。湖北沉积区相单元主要为潟湖和潮坪,其中潮坪沼泽亚相为煤层形成的最佳环境,巴东麻沙煤田、松宜煤田和蒲圻煤田皆为该环境的沉积产物,其煤层的沉积特征与海侵机制和滞留时间密切相关。     

Evolution of an intra‐oceanic island arc during the Late Silurian to Late Devonian,New England Fold Belt

Geochemical studies of volcanic rocks in the Gamilaroi terrane and Calliope Volcanic Assemblage, New England Fold Belt, eastern Australia, indicate that the setting in which these rocks formed changed in both space and time. The Upper Silurian to Middle Devonian basalts of the Gamilaroi terrane show flat to slightly light rare‐earth element (LREE) depleted chondrite normalised patterns, depletion of high field strength elements (HFSE) relative to N‐MORB, low Ti/V and high Ti/Zr ratios, high Ni, Cr and large‐ion lithophile element (LILE) contents, features characteristic of intra‐oceanic island arc basaltic magmas. They are associated with low‐K, less mafic volcanics, showing moderate LREE enrichment, low Nb and Y contents and Rb/Zr ratios. The depletion of HFSE in the basalts indicates that the magmas were derived from a refractory source in a supra‐subduction zone setting. The presence of such a zone implies that the arc was associated with a backarc basin, the location of which was to the west where a wide backarc region existed from the Middle Silurian. This polarity of arc and backarc basin suggests that the subduction zone dipped to the west. In contrast to their older counterparts, Middle to Upper Devonian basalts of the Gamilaroi terrane have MORB‐like chondrite normalised patterns and higher Ti and lower LILE contents. Moreover, they have low Ti/Zr ratios and MORB‐like Ti/V ratios and HFSE contents, features typical of backarc basins. Dolerites of the Gamilaroi terrane also have predominantly backarc basin signatures. These features suggest that both the basalts and dolerites have been emplaced in an extensional environment produced during the rifting of the intra‐oceanic island arc lithosphere. A progressive increase in Ti/V ratios, and TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ contents at constant MgO, of stratigraphically equivalent basalts, towards the north‐northwest part of the belt, is consistent with either greater extension to the north or melting of a more fertile magma source. By contrast, basalts in the southeast part of the terrane have moderately high Ti/Zr and low Ti/V ratios and in some samples, exhibit depletion of HFSE, compositional features transitional between island arc and backarc basin basalts. The Lower to Middle Devonian mafic rocks in the Calliope Volcanic Assemblage show both LREE enriched and depleted chondrite normalised REE patterns. Further, the majority have high Ti/Zr ratios and low Zr contents as well as relatively high Th contents relative to MORB. These features are common to rocks of Middle Devonian age as well as those of Early Devonian age and are suggestive of eruption in an arc setting. Thus, the data from this study provide new evidence for the evolution of the New England Fold Belt from the Late Silurian to the Late Devonian and reveal a history more complicated than previously reported.     

A reinterpretation of seismic data in the Laura Basin,Queensland

The results of the seismic surveys recorded during 1963 and 1968 for Marathon Petroleum and Crusader Oil in the Laura Basin, north Queensland, have been reinterpreted. Seismic reflections which dip almost continuously from 0.6 to 4.0 seconds reflection time may come from the base of and within an 8000 m sequence of Permo‐Carboniferous sediments, which may underlie the flat‐lying Mesozoic Laura Basin sediments and overlie the heavily folded Carboniferous‐Devonian sediments in the Hodgkinson Basin. Further seismic investigation of this area is recommended since a thick Permo‐Carboniferous sedimentary section here could be prospective for hydrocarbons.     

Rb‐Sr geochronology and Sr isotopic composition of Devonian granitoids,eastern Tasmania

Biotite igneous ages and well‐defined isochron ages of plutons from the composite Blue Tier Batholith and the Coles Bay area in northeastern Tasmania range from 395 to 370 Ma. The older limit of this range, for the George River granodiorite, is considerably older than any age previously recorded for NE Tasmania. The ages of the youngest plutons (Mt Paris and Anchor granites), which host cassiterite ores, record pervasive hydrothermal alteration events. The initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁰Sr ratios of the granitoids range from 0.7061 to 0.7136 and suggest different protolith compositions, consistent with mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of each pluton. The S‐type garnetbiotite granites (Ansons Bay and Booby alia granites) have initial ratios greater than 0.7119, indicative of enriched, high Rb/Sr ratio, crustal source‐rocks of Proterozoic age (1700–800 Ma). The S‐type biotite granites (Poimena and Pearson granites) have relatively high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7070, 0.7105) but overlap with those of the I‐type granodiorites (George River, Scamander Tier, Pyengana and Coles Bay granodiorites) which are in the range of 0.7061 to 0.7073. The initial ratios of the enriched altered plutons are poorly constrained, and on both hand‐specimen and thin‐section scales, reveal open‐system Sr isotopic patterns.

Isochron ages for the arenite‐lutite and lutite sedimentary associations of the Mathinna Beds, which are intruded by the granitoids, reflect an approach to Sr isotopic equilibrium during regional metamorphism. The metamorphic age (401 ± 7 Ma) of the early Pragian arenite‐lutite association indicates a relatively small time interval between deposition, regional metamorphism and granitoid intrusion. The isotopic age for the lutite sedimentary association (423 ± 22 Ma) is tentatively correlated with a Benambran‐age burial metamorphic event that has not previously been recorded in Tasmania.