论塔里木盆地“东河砂岩”的地质时代

系统总结了关于近年来塔里木盆地重要储油层——“东河砂岩”年代研究所取得的主要进展 ,包括 1)“东河砂岩”中发现晚泥盆世孢子和胴甲鱼化石 ;　 2 )含砾砂岩段发现晚泥盆世盾皮鱼化石 ;　 3)下泥岩段下部发现晚泥盆世孢子 ;　 4 )下泥岩段上部和生屑灰岩段分别发现石炭纪初期第一、二孢子组合带 ;　 5 )生屑灰岩段发现石炭纪初期的牙形刺 ;　 6 )化学 -生物地层学研究结果指示 ,泥盆系 -石炭系界线应在“东河砂岩”顶面之上。据此 ,“东河砂岩”的时代应为泥盆纪。     

西准噶尔志留纪-泥盆纪弧盆格局的确定及其区域构造演化意义

新疆西准噶尔克拉玛依-额敏一带广泛出露古生代的物质建造,记录着古亚洲洋演化的重要信息.古生代期间特别是晚古生代期间经历了复杂的洋陆转换过程,残留了系列近东西向及北东向蛇绿构造混杂岩系以及古大陆边缘的增生体系,造就了研究区复杂的岩石地层系统.目前对西准噶尔志留系、泥盆系构造古地理属性及志留纪-泥盆纪构造格局的刻画并不够精细.通过详细地野外地质调查及室内数据综合分析,结合前人的研究资料,对西准噶尔克拉玛依-额敏一带志留系及泥盆系代表性的岩石地层的构造古地理属性进行了界定,并在此基础上,对研究区志留纪-泥盆纪的弧盆格局进行探讨.综合分析认为志留纪西准噶尔克拉玛依-额敏一带古亚洲洋开始强烈的俯冲消减,泥盆纪古亚洲洋进入全面俯冲拼贴的演化阶段,形成多块体拼贴增生的多岛弧盆格局.泥盆纪后古亚洲洋在研究区开始进入残余洋盆的演化阶段.      

四川宝兴灵关─金台山飞来峰泥盆纪地层古生物

首次详细地描述了灵关一金台山飞来峰泥盆纪地层剖面，将泥盆系划分为平驿铺组、甘溪组、养马坝组和观雾山组４个岩石地层单位，建立了４个腕足类组合带和２个珊瑚类组合带，并与邻区进行了对比。通过年代地层界线的讨论，初步认为该飞来峰内仅有下泥盆统和中泥盆统中下部地层。     

桂东北吉维特阶与艾菲尔阶界线碳酸盐岩地球化学特征及古环境意义

依托阳朔县龙岩口艾菲尔阶与吉维特阶界线剖面,采集碳酸盐岩样品10个,通过显微特征、元素组分含量及相关元素的比值特征、碳氧同位素数据等,对该界线附近的古海洋沉积环境进行了分析和探讨。研究表明：①样品YS3层位产牙形刺分子Polygnathus intermedius,可归属于艾菲尔晚期ensensis带,为该层位碳同位素偏移事件、Eiffelian与Givertian界线以及Kačák事件提供了准确的时限约束;②参考Wilson的标准微相沉积模式,结合岩性特征,识别出SMF23、SMF16、SMF4和SMF15共四种微相类型;③通过对碳酸盐岩主、微量元素及其比值分析,得出以下结论：YS1至YS2对应阶段为沉积水体快速变深,且具有一定物源供给的沉积环境,反映了海侵初期,海洋环境由局限－半局限台地相向斜坡相快速转变的地质过程;YS3至YS4阶段低含量的陆源组分反映了水体较深、海平面相对较高的远岸沉积环境,该阶段海洋环境以缺氧为典型特征;YS5至YS10阶段陆源组分含量逐渐增加,出现代表低能环境的放射状鲕粒灰岩,沉积区海平面呈现出明显下降的趋势,剖面中多个向上变厚的进积型层序是良好的沉积学响应;④依据氧同位素,重建了古海水温度演化曲线,研究表明该时期海水平均温度为21 ℃,为温暖的亚热带气候,与其位于赤道附近的古地理位置相吻合;⑤样品YS3层位碳同位素表现出的负偏移现象与摩洛哥全球界线层型剖面和北美加拿大地区同层位的δ¹³C值曲线特征相吻合,共同反映了全球尺度海侵背景下的缺氧沉积环境。     

Late Devonian and Triassic basalts from the southern continental margin of the East European Platform,tracers of a single heterogeneous lithospheric mantle source

In Late Devonian and Early-to-Late Triassic times, the southern continental margin of the Eastern European Platform was the site of a basaltic volcanism in the Donbas and Fore-Caucasus areas respectively. Both volcanic piles rest unconformably upon Paleoproterozoic and Late Paleozoic units respectively, and emplaced during continental rifting periods some 600 km away from expected locations of active oceanic subduction zones. This paper reports a comparative geochemical study of the basaltic rocks, and views them as the best tracers of the involved mantle below the Eastern European Platform. The Late Devonian alkaline basic rocks differ from the calc-alkaline Triassic basic rocks by their higher alkali-silica ratio, their higher TiO₂, K₂O, P₂O₅ and FeO contents, their higher trace element contents, a higher degree of fractionation between the most and the least incompatible elements and the absence of Ta-Nb negative anomalies. These general features, clearly distinct from those of partial melting and fractional crystallization, are due to mantle source effects. With similar Nd and Sr isotopic signatures indicating mantle-crust mixing, both suites would originate from the melting of a same but heterogeneous continental mantle lithosphere (refertilized depleted mantle). Accordingly the Nd model ages, the youngest major event associated with mantle metasomatism occurred during Early Neoproterozoic times (∼650Ma).     

Discovery and significance of microspherules at Lower-Middle Devonian boundary of Guangxi, South China

Microspherules are found in different facies at the Lower-Middle Devonian boundary, Guangxi, South China. There are more than 20 grains per kilogram rock sample. Composition and form of the microspherules are very similar to those of the microtektites from modern deposits of South Pacific Ocean and F-F boundary (Devonian). This may indicate that the microspherules from Guangxi are most likely the products of an extraterrestrial impact event that occurred at the end of Early Devonian Epoch. The event may be responsible for the biomass reduction and extinction of benthic organisms at the end of Early Devonian. The impact products (ejecta) can be used as a potential tool for stratigraphic correlation.     

东昆仑早泥盆世碰撞造山的侵入岩证据

东昆仑昆中断裂带及其附近茶德尔塔格西、阿尔格山北、塔鹤托坂日、喀雅克登塔格地区的早泥盆世侵入岩,受昆中断裂长期活动影响,岩石变形强烈,岩体在平面上呈不规则透镜状,沿昆中断裂近东西向分布。岩石地球化学特征属于亚碱性、高钾和低钾钙碱系列,介于偏铝质和过铝质之间;在R1—R2岩石类型分类图中位于闪长岩、英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩区;在微量元素标准化图中,具有Rb、Th、Ba富集,高强场元素Nb、Ta明显亏损的特点;在稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图中,LREE富集,HREE亏损,曲线表现出明显的较为平滑的斜率相似的一组曲线,均属强烈右倾负斜率轻稀土富集型,整体分配模式具有火山弧花岗岩的特征。通过构造环境的综合判断,本文研究的东昆仑早泥盆世侵入岩属于后碰撞造山花岗岩,物质来源,壳幔相互作用的产物,从而确立了加里东晚期东昆仑碰撞造山的构造过程。     

Age of Berh Hairhan Formation of Mongolia dated by conodonts

Conodont Caudicriodus angustus angustus(Steward et al.,1956) and Caudicriodus angustus cauda(Wang et al.,2005) were found from a big limestone lens of the Berh Hairhan Formation in the place of W 150 km to Ulaanbaatar City.The discovery indicates that the Berh Haihan Formation should be assigned to Middle Devonian Eifelian Stage.This conodont fauna was from a shallow cooler water facies in the relatively high latitude.     

桂西北天峨地区下石炭统有孔虫带及地层划分

桂西北天峨地区孤立碳酸盐台地 ,上泥盆统顶部至上石炭统下部有孔虫十分发育 ,可划分 15个有孔虫生物组合带 ,它们是地层划分对比的重要依据。以有孔虫Eoendothyra与Quasiendothyra的灭绝、Bisphaera的大量出现划分泥盆系 /石炭系 ,以Eoparastaffella的出现作为维宪阶的底界 ,以Globivalvulina或Pseudostaffella的出现作为上、下石炭统的划分标志 ,生物分带明显 ,与岩石地层分界吻合或基本一致 ,是较理想的地层分界     

巢县五通组碎屑岩的成岩作用研究

巢县五通组碎屑岩的主要成岩作用，包括胶结作用、次生加大、压实─压溶和溶解作用。胶结物主要为硅质以及少量的粘土矿物，此外还有自生矿物：高岭石、石英、水云母和黄铁矿。压实作用和石英的次生加大使碎屑岩的原生孔隙度极大的降低，溶解作用是次生孔隙形成的主要因素。五通组岩石的主要孔隙类型是次生孔隙，其次是微孔隙。孔隙度是低的。