西部开发过程中土地利用控制的必要性及措施

从西部开发的历史经验与教训、土地利用的不合理现状等方面，阐述国家在实施西部地区大开发战略中加强土地利用控制的必要性及其重要意义。在此基础上，提出土地利用控制的目标与任务。分析了对西部经济发展、自然生态环境建设与保护等密切相关的耕地、林地和草地等在土地利用与控制中存在的问题，进而提出相应的土地利用控制措施与对策。     

灾区恢复重建后效评估研究进展

随着全球变化加剧,世界各地自然灾害的频发,国际社会为应对自然灾害进行了不懈努力,历届世界减灾大会不断强调对应急管理全流程的研究,恢复重建作为应急管理的重要环节而得到广泛重视。积极开展灾区恢复重建后效评估有利于保障灾区恢复重建实施与区域可持续发展。灾区恢复重建后效评估研究时间较短,首先比较分析了国内外恢复重建的内涵,明确了恢复重建后效评估的基本概念,并梳理了灾区恢复重建后效评估的在中国的发展演变。由于灾区恢复重建内容复杂多样,本文结合灾区恢复重建后效评估的发展历程、研究范围与关注时段,分别从项目、要素与可持续性三个关键视角对后效评估的理论方法等展开评述,结果表明:(1)项目后效评估在灾区恢复重建后效评估中起步较早,现有评估多集中于居民住房、基础设施、公共设施等工程质量的评估,但缺乏对项目设计过程中社会居民参与度、公众满意度以及社会经济效益等的评估。(2)要素后效评估在灾区恢复重建后效评估中涉及范围最广,具体包括社会、经济与环境等要素,这些要素的评估受政策绩效影响较大,后期需要构建综合的评估体系以开展科学评估。(3)可持续性后效评估以联合国可持续发展目标与地方国民经济与社会发展计划为基础构...     

公交导向型城市开发机理及模式构建

城市交通、土地利用和城市空间结构的相互关系一直是城市地理学、城市规划学和交通地理学研究的核心问题。大容量公共交通、混合型土地开发、宜人的步行环境和高质量的公交服务是公交导向型开发(TOD)模式的主要特点。本文分析了TOD对城市土地利用和城市空间结构的作用机理发现:土地开发强度、土地利用结构以及土地价值是TOD影响城市土地利用的3 个主要方面,而TOD对路网结构、城市规模和城市空间布局的作用进一步影响城市空间结构及其演化。进一步研究发现:大容量公共交通的建设使得城市竞租曲线和开发密度具有多波峰的特点,遵循"随着时间的变化从城市中心向外围递减"的规律。基于中外城市发展背景差异,本文从宏观、中观和微观3 个层面提出建立以大容量公共交通为主轴、以TOD站点为枢纽的轴辐网络状城市空间结构,并提出了TOD站点开发的距离、级差密度、多样性和设计的4Ds原则。     

我国地理科学跨世纪发展的五点意见

今后20年是我国地理科学跨世纪发展的奠基期和开拓期。就端正学科发展认识、建立地理科学体系、加强系统分析能力、巩固城市—区域发展研究领域和地理学工作者本身的调整等五个方面的问题发表了意见。     

2010年非开挖工程的发展近况

在管道检测、探测、铺设、修复和更新等工程中,非开挖技术正在发挥着巨大的作用。通过笔者参加的2010年11月国际非开挖技术协会（ISTT）在新加坡召开的第28届年会和之前在新加坡南洋理工大学召开的第12届国际非开挖技术研讨会,从国际会议的论文中和研讨会上各国教授的介绍中提炼了非开挖工程方面的发展近况,从管道探测、检测、修复和新材料四个方面入手,简单扼要地阐述了非开挖工程的最新进展．希望对国内非开挖工程领域的研究有所帮助。     

AN EXPERIMENT STUDY OF FRONTAL CYCLONES OVER THE WESTERN ATLANTIC OCEAN*

By using PSU/NCAR MM5 mesoscale model,a 60-h simulation is performed to reproduce a frontal cyclogenesis over the Western Atlantic Ocean during March 13-15 1992.The model reproduces well the genesis,track and intensity of the cyclone,its associated thermal structure as well as its surface circulation.The major cyclone (M) deepens 45 hPa in the 60-h simulation and 12 hPa in 6 hours from 36 h to 42 h (model time) and 27 hPa in 24 hours from 36 h to 60 h (model time).Cross-section and isentropic analysis tell us that the cyclogenesis is in very close relation with slantwise isentropic surfaces;the cyclone is always superposed on the core of neutral convective stability with nearly vertical isentropic surfaces,which coincides with what the theory of Slantwise Vorticity Development (SVD) says.Beginning with the theory of SVD,the development and propagation of the oceanic frontal cyclone are studied by using high-resolution model output in the context of slantwise isentropic surfaces.The results show that the frontal cyclone deepens rapidly by the interaction with the large-scale environment after occurring over the ocean with weak static stability;and the theory of SVD can well interpret the development and propagation closely related with slantwise isentropic surfaces,The downstream slantwise up-sliding movement along canting isentropic surfaces makes vorticities develop (USVD) under favorable condition (C_D<0,where CD is SVD index),and results in the moving and development of the cyclone.     

广州城市郊区化的进程及动力机制

随着城市经济社会的发展，我国一些大城市出现了郊区化的初步征兆，开展了郊区化研究有着重要的理论和实际两个方面的意义。广州是我国少数几个已开始进入城市郊区化阶段的大城市之一。本文分析该市郊区化的进程及动力机制，并提出调控对策。     

UDEC软件对矿山采空区崩塌过程进行应力分布的研究

为了研究矿山采空区坡体的应力(裂隙)分布情况,并对崩塌过程分析进行检验,本文采用离散元数值软件(UDEC)对纳雍县张家湾镇普洒煤矿采煤过程中覆岩裂隙发生、发展及其变化过程进行模拟。结果表明:随着煤层开采的推进,覆岩裂隙向上发展且密度逐渐增多;由于采空区范围过大时,部分被重新压实,裂隙发育至地表形成开切眼;最后在外力作用下整条裂缝垂直贯通,形成危岩体的发展规律,可为类似的矿山地质灾害防治提供基础依据。     

Conservation and community in the new South Africa: A case study of the Mahushe Shongwe Game Reserve

The idealization of natural landscapes and peoples during colonialism, coupled with the popularity of sustainable development in the postcolonial era, has contributed to the expansion of conservation planning throughout the African continent. Concerns surrounding the promotion of national and international conservation agendas at the expense of local livelihood needs have generated interest in community conservation projects that attempt to include local participation and knowledge in natural resource management. The early excitement associated with community conservation has waned in light of recent assessments that it has been unsuccessful in meeting its ecological and social goals. This parallels other research that suggests communities are understood in generic or homogenous ways that influence how these initiatives are understood. Using a case study of the Mahushe Shongwe Game Reserve, this paper evaluates how rural households access environmental and economic resources to produce livelihoods, and how these access patterns impact their views of the project. It is argued that there are significant livelihood variations within the community that shape the ways households engage with, and benefit from, conservation planning. Rather than strictly viewing Mahushe Shongwe as a constraint to environmental resource access or site for limited employment, community members identify a number of benefits from its existence including education and development opportunities. Additionally, transformations in governance systems in the region impact community views of the project since younger residents are less likely to engage with the Matsamo Tribal Authority, which participates in managing the reserve. The consequence is that conservation has various impacts and meanings within a specific community that remain tied to the livelihood and governance systems being renegotiated in the post-apartheid era.     

云南省怒江傈僳族自治州经济发展战略研究

怒江傈僳族自治州是云南省最贫困的民族自治州。本文在认真分析、正确认识州情和改革开放形势的前提下,提出经济发展的指导思想和资源开发脱贫型的战略模式,制定了战略目标、战略步骤和战略重点。在产业结构方面,确定以铅锌为主的有色金属工业,以大理石为主的建材工业,以林副产品为主的生物资源综合开发作为三大主导产业。为保证战略目标的实现,提出重视科学技术和教育事业;改善交通、解决能源、搞活流通:绝不放松粮食生产,慎重解决人口问题;高度重视水土保持,维持生态平衡;采取特殊政策和灵活措施等。