江西省资溪县西源滑坡成因分析及其治理

以资溪县西源滑坡为研究对象,根据勘察资料采用经典的传递系数法对天然状态和饱水状态滑坡的稳定性进行了计算,表明自然状态滑坡处于基本稳定状态,饱和状态滑坡处于不稳定状态;根据滑坡体勘察成果,采用抗滑支挡和地表排水综合治理措施,取得了良好成效。     

导航地图情境建模

目前,尽管形形色色的导航地图产品已经成为人们日常出行的必备帮手,但是实用性不强、效率偏低是普遍存在的一种现象,严重降低了人们对地图的信任程度。为此,本文引进情境理论,通过分析其与导航地图之间的联系,指出情境建模在沟通用户、环境与设备之间作为桥梁的重要意义,并将活动从一般情境信息中剥离出来,确定了导航地图情境建模基本原理,从通用情境信息建模和导航活动建模2个方面详细阐述了导航地图情境建模的方式与方法,为后续研究情境推理与表达奠定基础。     

The landslide response of alpine basins to post-Little Ice Age glacial thinning and retreat in southwestern British Columbia

The role of post-Little Ice Age (LIA) Neoglacial retreat on landslide activity is investigated in 19 alpine basins along the upper Lillooet River Valley, British Columbia. We examine how Neoglacial scouring and glacial recession have modified hillslope form and slope stability, and construct a decision-making flowchart to identify landslide hazards associated with glacial retreat. This work is based on field mapping, GIS analysis, statistical associations between landslides and terrain attributes, and a comparison between Neoglaciated and non-Neoglaciated terrain within each basin.The bedrock landslide response to glacial retreat varies appreciably according to lithology and the extent of glacial scour below the LIA trimline. Valleys carved in weak Quaternary volcanics show significant erosional oversteepening and contain deep-seated slope movement features, active rock fall, rock slides, and rock avalanches near glacial trimlines. Basins in stronger granitic rock rarely show increased bedrock instability resulting from post-LIA retreat, except for shallow-seated rock slides along some trimlines and failures on previously unstable slopes. In surficial materials, landslides associated with post-LIA retreat originate in till or colluvium, as debris slides or debris avalanches, and are concentrated along lateral moraines or glacial trimlines.Significant spatial association was also observed between recent catastrophic failures, gravitational slope deformation, and slopes that were oversteepened then debuttressed by glacial erosion. Eight out of nine catastrophic rock slope failures occurred just above glacial trimlines and all occurred in areas with a previous history of deep-seated gravitational slope movement, implying that this type of deformation is a precursor to catastrophic detachment.     

缺陷管理在国土资源信息系统维护中的应用研究

本文分析了国土资源信息化系统建设维护中存在的问题,阐述了国土资源缺陷管理的内涵,通过设计一种合理的缺陷处置流程和缺陷系统实现模式,解决国土资源信息化建设中系统维护遇到的困难,提升了国土资源信息化的整体服务水平。     

Coupled study of water-stable isotopes and anions in porewater for characterizing aqueous transport through the Mesozoic sedimentary series in the eastern Paris Basin

This study presents data on chloride and bromide concentrations in porewater, water and anion diffusion coefficients, and their accessible porosities based on radial diffusion experiments on rock samples collected from a 2000 m-deep borehole (EST433) drilled by Andra in the eastern Paris Basin. The distributions of water stable isotope and chloride concentrations in porewater along this column reveal transient flows of water and solutes between the aquitard layers and the surrounding aquifers. These distributions confirm the occurrence of two separate aquitard/aquifer systems: “Oxfordian/Callovo–Oxfordian/Dogger” and “Dogger/Liassic/Rhaetian”. This separation is confirmed by Cl⁻/Br⁻ ratios, which are low in Liassic and Dogger porewater, suggesting the influence of primary brines, and which are close to the marine ratio in the Dogger groundwater. Based on these results, transport simulations in the two systems were carried out according to different scenarios. The simulation results confirm that transport properties obtained in the laboratory at sample scale may be extrapolated to the formation scale. It is highly probable that diffusion is the main transport process in the Callovo–Oxfordian formation. This may also be the case in the Dogger/Liassic layer, although a limited contribution from advection cannot be totally excluded. By testing different scenarios of boundary conditions in diffusive models, it is proposed that the Dogger aquifer was first activated in the Early Miocene.     

变化地磁场预测的支持向量机建模

变化地磁场建模与预测是地磁导航、空间环境监测等领域的重要研究课题.由于变化地磁场属于日地系统中的一部分,受多种因素的制约影响,且其变化本身也具有较强的前后相关性.本文综合空间和地面监测数据,以变化地磁场地面观测数据、地方时、太阳射电流量和行星际磁场南向分量等为输入,采用支持向量机方法,建立了变化地磁场综合模型,并进行预测.结果表明,在地磁活动Kp指数小于4时,预测3 h平均绝对误差小于1.61 nT.     

基于ArcGIS Engine的三维数字校园的设计与实现

以兰州交通大学校园为例,基于ArcGIS Engine设计实现了三维数字校园系统,该系统不仅实现了二维GIS常见的功能（如对地图放大、缩小、分析、查询等功能）。而且也实现了三维GIS的相关功能（如：导航,查询、视频输出、场景输出等功能）。系统通过鹰眼窗口控制三维场景和二维场景,实现了二三维场景互动,更加逼真地展现了兰州交通大学校园三维场景,弥补了传统二维GIS和三维GIS的不足。     

Optimizing landslide susceptibility mapping in the Kongtong District,NW China: comparing the subdivision criteria of factors

Abstract

The standards applied to reclassify landslide-conditioning factors differ among studies and may change the accuracy of identifying landslide-prone areas. Therefore, we identified two standards per factor (elevation, aspect, slope, proximity to roads and proximity to streams) from the existing literature and set them as predisposing criteria in this paper. In addition to the five factors, lithology represented by types and a landslide inventory map produced from field surveys were also used in mapping. Thirty-two landslide susceptibility maps were generated based on weights-of-evidence and evaluated using the relative operative characteristic method. The results show that the subdivision criteria of factors change the accuracy, with the success rate varying from 84.34% to 87.51%. The map with the highest value captures more landslides in relatively higher susceptibility classes and is therefore considered the optimal one. Ultimately, a simplified mode of combining subdivision criteria is proposed to simplify comparison.