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251.
Landslide Lake Outburst Floods (LLOFs) are common in the Himalayan river basins. These are caused by breaching of lakes created
by landslides. The active and palaeo-landslide mapping along the Satluj and Spiti Rivers indicate that these rivers were blocked
and breached at many places during the Quaternary period. In the present article, we document LLOFs during 2000 and 2005 caused
by the breaching of landslide lakes created in the Trans-Himalayan region along the Satluj River and Paree Chu (stream), respectively,
both in the Tibetan region of China and its impact on the channel and infrastructure in the Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh,
India. It has been observed that the loss of life and property due to these LLOFs is directly related to the disposition of
the Quaternary materials and the different morphological zones observed in the area. 相似文献
252.
GIS-based weights-of-evidence modelling of rainfall-induced landslides in small catchments for landslide susceptibility mapping 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Ranjan Kumar Dahal Shuichi Hasegawa Atsuko Nonomura Minoru Yamanaka Takuro Masuda Katsuhiro Nishino 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(2):311-324
Landslide susceptibility mapping is a vital tool for disaster management and planning development activities in mountainous terrains of tropical and subtropical environments. In this paper, the weights-of-evidence modelling was applied, within a geographical information system (GIS), to derive landslide susceptibility map of two small catchments of Shikoku, Japan. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the importance of weights-of-evidence modelling in the generation of landslide susceptibility maps in relatively small catchments having an area less than 4 sq km. For the study area in Moriyuki and Monnyu catchments, northeast Shikoku Island in west Japan, a data set was generated at scale 1:5,000. Relevant thematic maps representing various factors (e.g. slope, aspect, relief, flow accumulation, soil depth, soil type, land use and distance to road) that are related to landslide activity were generated using field data and GIS techniques. Both catchments have homogeneous geology and only consist of Cretaceous granitic rock. Thus, bedrock geology was not considered in data layering during GIS analysis. Success rates were also estimated to evaluate the accuracy of landslide susceptibility maps and the weights-of-evidence modelling was found useful in landslide susceptibility mapping of small catchments. 相似文献
253.
Landslide Hazard Zonation using Remote Sensing and GIS: a case study of Dikrong river basin, Arunachal Pradesh, India 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Landslides are among the most costly and damaging natural hazards in mountainous regions, triggered mainly under the influence
of earthquakes and/or rainfall. In the present study, Landslide Hazard Zonation (LHZ) of Dikrong river basin of Arunachal
Pradesh was carried out using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). Various thematic layers namely slope,
photo-lineament buffer, thrust buffer, relative relief map, geology and land use / land cover map were generated using remote
sensing data and GIS. The weighting-rating system based on the relative importance of various causative factors as derived
from remotely sensed data and other thematic maps were used for the LHZ. The different classes of thematic layers were assigned
the corresponding rating value as attribute information in the GIS and an “attribute map” was generated for each data layer.
Each class within a thematic layer was assigned an ordinal rating from 0 to 9. Summation of these attribute maps were then
multiplied by the corresponding weights to yield the Landslide Hazard Index (LHI) for each cell. Using trial and error method
the weight-rating values have been re-adjusted. The LHI threshold values used were: 142, 165, 189 and 216. A LHZ map was prepared
showing the five zones, namely “very low hazard”, “low hazard”, “moderate hazard”, “high hazard” and “very high hazard” by
using the “slicing” operation. 相似文献
254.
Chen Chien-Yuan Chen Lien-Kuang Yu Fan-Chieh Lin Sheng-Chi Lin Yu-Ching Lee Chou-Lung Wang Yu-Ting Cheung Kei-Wai 《Natural Hazards》2008,47(2):245-261
Typhoon Haitang caused landfall on Taiwan during 15–21 July, 2005 and brought 2,279 mm of maximum cumulative rain with a maximum
intensity of 176 mm/h. The torrential rain was mainly distributed from the central mountain range to southern Taiwan and triggered
222 slopeland-related hazards. Among the hazard events, there were 17 debris flows, 157 cases of traffic cut-off, three large-magnitude
deep-seated landslides, and 10 villages isolated in the off-track mountainous areas. The debris flows initiated in southern
Taiwan were associated with torrential rain, short channel length (<2 km), and small basin area (<3 km2), and were speculated to be induced by flash flood. These flash flood-induced debris flows have a higher rainfall intensity-duration
threshold for initiation than in other areas. The deep-seated landslides, isolated villages due to traffic cut-off in off-track
mountain areas, and recurrent hazards in areas affected by the ML 7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake in 1999 are characteristics of slopeland hazards in Taiwan in recent years. One of the most urgently
needed mitigation strategies in response to slopeland hazards is the plan for enhancing self-rescue disaster resistance in
off-track mountainous villages in Taiwan. 相似文献
255.
In light of climate and land use change, stakeholders around the world are interested in assessing historic and likely future flood dynamics and flood extents for decision-making in watersheds with dams as well as limited availability of stream gages and costly technical resources. This research evaluates an assessment and communication approach of combining GIS, hydraulic modeling based on latest remote sensing and topographic imagery by comparing the results to an actual flood event and available stream gages. On August 28th 2011, floods caused by Hurricane Irene swept through a large rural area in New York State, leaving thousands of people homeless, devastating towns and cities. Damage was widespread though the estimated and actual floods inundation and associated return period were still unclear since the flooding was artificially increased by flood water release due to fear of a dam break. This research uses the stream section right below the dam between two stream gages North Blenheim and Breakabeen along Schoharie Creek as a case study site to validate the approach. The data fusion approach uses a GIS, commonly available data sources, the hydraulic model HEC-RAS as well as airborne LiDAR data that were collected two days after the flood event (Aug 30, 2011). The aerial imagery of the airborne survey depicts a low flow event as well as the evidence of the record flood such as debris and other signs of damage to validate the hydrologic simulation results with the available stream gauges. Model results were also compared to the official Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) flood scenarios to determine the actual flood return period of the event. The dynamic of the flood levels was then used to visualize the flood and the actual loss of the Old Blenheim Bridge using Google Sketchup. Integration of multi-source data, cross-validation and visualization provides new ways to utilize pre- and post-event remote sensing imagery and hydrologic models to better understand and communicate the complex spatial-temporal dynamics, return periods and potential/actual consequences to decision-makers and the local population. 相似文献
256.
海洋生态系统动力学浅说 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
讨论了海洋生态系统动力学的研究目的,任务和特点。阐述了它的基本理论问题,此外,协同性,可预报性,突变性以及稳定性是人们关切的问题也是海洋生态系统动力学理论研究的重要内容。并对海洋生态系统动力学模型及模拟的基本概念和了描述,进而说明建模时要注意抽象与简化。最后就我国开展海洋生态系统动力学研究提出了一点看法。 相似文献
257.
258.
A. Carrara M. Cardinali R. Detti F. Guzzetti V. Pasqui P. Reichenbach 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1991,16(5):427-445
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and numerical cartography may greatly facilitate the development and use of statistical models for the assessment of regional landslide hazard. From a small drainage basin located in Central Italy, relevant geological and geomorphological factors were collected and processed by applying GIS technology. In particular, modules were used which both generate high-fidelity digital terrain models and automatically partition the terrain into main slope-units. The resulting information was then analysed by discriminant analysis which enabled landslide hazard and risk to be evaluated in each slope-unit. Although not lacking drawbacks, the method proved to be a feasible and cost-effective approach to landslide susceptibility assessment and mapping. 相似文献
259.
山地自然灾害(以泥石流为主)及其防治 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15
我国是一个山地自然灾害严重的国家,尤其是泥石流、滑坡灾害。八十年代以来山地自然灾害频繁,泥石流、滑坡所造成经济损失超过30亿元。本文分析了灾害成因、分布特征以及山地自然灾害的预报和防治。 相似文献
260.