Applying design thinking methods to ecosystem management tools: Creating the Great Lakes Aquatic Habitat Explorer

Ecosystem management (EM) requires new tools to facilitate stakeholder access to information and analysis, however these tools are often not perceived by stakeholders to be usable, useful, and salient to their concerns. This paper provides a case study which applies new participatory design methods, known as design thinking, to create an EM tool called the Great Lakes Aquatic Habitat Explorer. Both participating and non-participating stakeholders rated the usability of the resulting tool positively, and stakeholders who attended design workshops rated the perceived usefulness and salience of the resulting tool more highly than those who had not. Design workshop survey data found that the methods produced an environment of collaborative learning among participants, including diverse participants, authentic dialog, and creativity. Design thinking methods hold promise for the development of new tools which better respond to the needs of EM stakeholders.     

表面渗流对生态边坡中客土稳定性影响研究

讨论表面渗流对生态边坡中客土稳定性的影响,设计并进行了同一种客土的无渗流和表面渗流情况下的稳定性试验。表面渗流情况下客土的破坏模式与无渗流情况下相同,即一条沿平面网上表面的平行于原边坡坡面的直线滑动面。利用表面渗流情况下的客土稳定性试验结果,验证了杨俊杰等提出的客土稳定设计图表的适用性。试验结果和理论分析均表明,渗流使客土的稳定性显著降低。     

北京市地面沉降监测标设计与施工技术

地面沉降监测要求精度最高。本文介绍了北京地面沉降站内,监测配置和基岩标、分层标孔的结构设计,施工特点,以及适用于冲洪积平原的地面沉降监测方法。     

云南元磨高速公路岩质滑坡破坏模式浅析

元(江)—磨(黑)高速公路沿线地质环境条件极为脆弱,修建时诱发大量滑坡,尤以岩质滑坡为主,可划分为顺层滑坡和切层滑坡两大类。选取典型滑坡实例对其破坏模式进行剖析,为类似公路边坡的设计和治理提供借鉴。     

云南大瑞铁路DK79—DK88段工程地质灾害预测及防治

大瑞铁路K79—K88段处于滇西红层区,地质灾害强发育。分析研究已有地质灾害发育特征和发展趋势,对铁路工程建设引发新地质灾害进行预测,为地质灾害的防治提供了基础资料,并提出有效、针对性的地质灾害防治措施。     

预应力砼管桩支护体系的设计与施工

在江苏边防总队海警支队综合楼基坑支护中,将预应力混凝土管桩作为支护桩进行尝试,达到了理想的效果,得出了管桩在适宜条件下用作基坑支护是可行的。同时,控制管桩支护结构的变形,减少桩身所受弯矩,与内支撑结合使用效果更佳,管桩与支撑支护形式的组合,有利于节约支护成本。预应力砼管桩的桩身质量易于控制以及环保,采用管桩作为支护桩具有良好的经济性,对提高施工效率和缩短工期有良好的保证,将其应用于支护工程则更具有竞争性,拓宽了今后深基坑设计的思路,可予以推广。     

高压环境条件下注浆模型试验系统设计

注浆工程常常在高地层压力、高水压力的地质环境条件下进行(如煤矿堵水或注浆加固工程)。为了研究高压环境条件下注浆浆液的渗流扩散特征,作者研制了可形成5MPa以上高压环境的注浆试验系统。该试验系统由四个功能模块组成,并可分为四个设备子系统。该试验系统的核心设备高压注浆模型试验装置中应用压力传导管解决了高压罐体内部监测设计所遇到的尺寸效应、传感器防腐、高压密封等难题。     

Cognitive mapping of creative practice: A case study of three English design agencies

This paper examines the relevance of causal mapping - essentially a form of visual aid to enhance our understanding of the thoughts of an individual, group or organisation - as a means of analysing innovation and creativity within English design agencies. Focussing upon successful design contracts in three selected case studies, the discussion considers how far cognitive mapping can be used to understand the relations between design practices, firm routines and conventions, and the local creative milieu. The paper argues that cognitive mapping confirms the value of a situated learning perspective in which knowledge is inseparable from practice. It reveals that successful design is based on deliberate practices pertaining to relationships with clients, group dynamics, and team collaboration within the design consultancy. These practices narrow uncertainty and allow designers to exercise imagination and creative brokering. Whilst cognitive mapping can be a useful heuristic tool, the analysis suggests that it is limited as a means to unravelling tacit knowledge.     

多层砌体结构房屋设计要点及常见问题

多层砌体结构房屋由于其材料呈脆性的特点,抗震性能比较差。但由于其造价低,施工周期短,施工工艺简单,在我国中小城市的民用建筑和大部分农村建筑中仍普遍采用,因此,设计时仍须高度重视。只有掌握设计要点,妥善处理各环节的问题,才能切实提高设计质量。     

勘察设计行业软件正版化与国产化的若干思考

本文对我国勘察设计行业软件正版化与国产化的相关情况进行了系统思考,阐述了行业内软件正版化与国产化的现状与发展趋势,存在的主要问题,并提出了相关的对策建议。希望通过实施知识产权战略,实施以国产化推动正版化的重要举措,共同推进勘察设计行业软件正版化与国产化工作的健康发展。