中国气候变化敏感区降水量区域对比——以黑龙江、新疆和西藏三省区为例

近40年来全球气候变化研究已经是当今自然科学重大课题之一,中国的区域响应也日渐引人关注.依据黑龙江、新疆、西藏三省区93个国家基准或基本气象站1961-2008年间的日降水数据,就中国气候变化敏感区降水变化过程和波动特征进行了对比分析.①年降水量上,黑龙江微弱减少,新疆增多、西藏明显增多,特别是1995年以来其趋势更加...     

同构非优旅游地理论与实证研究

同构非优旅游地是旅游资源非优区中的一种类型,由于原生性旅游资源缺乏且品位低、政策误读、规划失误等诸多因素影响,致使同构非优旅游地的生存现状岌岌可危。在分析同构非优旅游地及优势旅游地现状基础上,指出同构非优旅游地今后的发展之路只能是与优势旅游地整合或自我发展,并以天台山国家森林公园为例,实证分析其发展之路的可行性,以期指导同构非优旅游地走出困境。     

基于县域尺度的中国沿海地区效率分析

采用数据包络分析(DEA)和空间自相关方法测评2006年中国沿海地区724个县域单位的效率,选取2000年和2006年两个时像探索近7年来中国沿海地区全要素生产率的时空格局及其影响因素。目前中国沿海地区县域效率相对较低,且呈北部沿海高、南部沿海低的空间格局;2000-2006年,影响中国沿海地区县域全要素变化的因素依次为纯技术效率、技术创新指数和规模效率的变化。将中国沿海地区的效率-经济空间格局分为高效率-强经济块、高效率-弱经济块、低效率-强经济块和低效率-弱经济块4种类型,为协调中国沿海地区未来经济发展格局政策的制定提供参考。     

Protected areas in mainland Southeast Asia, 1973–2005: Continuing trends

Since the 1970s, protected area networks in mainland Southeast Asian countries have developed significantly to occupy 4–25 per cent of their respective national areas, located mostly in the mountainous domains of ethnic minority peoples. Through this process, regions that were only nominally part of national geobodies until the 1950s have become more territorially integrated. The complexity of the characteristics and geographical impacts of this territorialisation have yet to be grasped. As a step in this direction, we briefly outline a multilevel systems approach that usefully contextualizes these issues together with a historical and cartographical assessment of the evolution of protected area networks for Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. Our main findings are intertwined. On the one hand, protected areas represent a new tool of state intervention in mountainous areas, clearly in keeping with past, notably colonial, actions. On the other hand, this evolution in state territorialisation and attendant power relations have disrupted, far more deeply than previous actions, the pre‐1970s sociogeographical organization in mountainous areas, where most of the region's residual forests remain.     

Patterns of alien plant invasions in northwestern Patagonia, Argentina

Invasive plant species are a growing concern in many regions of the world, yet little information is available on the effects of habitat type and distance to urban settlements on the ability of alien plants to become established. We studied plant communities from the arid steppes to the Andean forest within two national parks and surroundings, in northwestern Patagonia, Argentina. Alien and native vascular plant species were sampled using 90 × 100 m² plots and analyzed in relation to both climatic and environmental variables and distance to urban centres. We also compared life-forms of alien and native species. Precipitation and distance to an urban centre were important determinants of alien species community richness and composition, and shrubland sites had significantly more alien species than forest or steppe sites. Alien flora (15% of the species) was composed of a higher proportion of annuals and biennials than native flora. Our results suggest that precipitation, distance to source population, and anthropogenic disturbance influence the invasion process in this region, together with the availability of open niches. This work stresses the importance of monitoring invasive species in natural reserves, and of considering habitat types as well as idiosyncratic characteristics of the non-natives for developing management strategies.     

中国西南山区资源环境安全态势评价

选择西南山区5省市区（广西、重庆、四川、贵州和云南）作为研究区域,遵循“压力-状态-响应”框架构建评价指标体系,运用熵权-模糊综合评价方法对西南山区5省近11年来的资源环境安全总体态势进行了初步综合评价。结果表明：研究时段内,西南山区资源环境安全整体水平较低,但区域内各省的资源环境系统呈现良性发展趋势;资源环境综合安全...     

Rehabilitation and Sustainable Use Pattern of Rocky-desertified Land in Southwest China’s Poverty-stricken Karst Mountainous Areas——A Case Study in Benggu Township, Xichou County, Yunnan, China

Introduction Rocky desert is a distinguishing phenomenon in China’s subtropical karst region, and it is caused by serious soil erosion, large areas of bedrocks protruding above soil, or alternatively large amount of gravels piling up in the field, leading to reduction or complete loss of soil productivity. This is a form of surface soil deterioration similar to desert (WANG 2002, WANG et al. 2004). Now the rocky desert is being expanded at an astonishing speed, and now it accounts for 30 …     

SUSTAINABLE URBAN-RURAL RELATION IN RAPID URBANIZATION AREAS——Case of Transformation of "Urban Village" in Guangzhou

1IN T R O D U C T IO NDue to acceleratingurban sprawl and suburbanizatio,nlargeareaoffarmlandwere changed intonon-agricultur-allanduse sincethelate1990s,especiallyinSouth Chi-na.Meanwhile some villageswere surrounded by urbanbuilt-upareasand became"thevillagesin urban area",which arenamed hereas"urban villages."Specificallyindefinitio,nurban villageisa ruralcom munity inurbanbuilt-upareasbecause of drasticurban sprawl,subur-banizationand industriadlispersion.A nd inrealityur-ban villagee…     

Wadi flow in the Arabian Gulf states

Real data on wadi flood flows from Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain and Qatar were used to develop methodologies for the prediction of annual maximum flows and average monthly flows in the Arabian Gulf states. For the prediction of annual maximum floods, three methods have been investigated. In the first method, regional curves were developed and used together with the mean annual flood flow, estimated from the characteristics of the drainage basin, to estimate flood flows at a location in the basin. The second method fits data to various probability distribution functions, with a developed methodology introduced to account for floods generated by more than one system of climate, and the best fitted function was used for flood estimates. In the third method, only floods over a threshold, which depends on characteristics of the drainage basin, were considered and modelled. For the prediction of average monthly flows, stochastic simulation approaches of flood frequency analysis were used. Each of the prediction methods was verified by being applied in 40 different drainage basins. Based on the results obtained, recommendations were made on the best method to be applied (at present) by design engineers in the Arabian Gulf states. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On a property of zero-velocity curves in N-body ring-type systems

Zero-velocity curves are a useful tool in the investigation of various aspects of a dynamical system. These curves that distinguish the regions where the motion of a particle is permissible from the regions where this motion is not permitted, present some basic properties. In this paper, we prove that in symmetric ring-type systems where a small particle moves under the resultant gravitational field of N coplanar big bodies, of which ν=N−1 are arranged at equal distances among them on the periphery of a circle, a new property concerning these curves, exists. All the zero-velocity curves drawn in the space of the initial conditions (x₀,C) and concerning configurations with the same number of peripheral primaries but various mass parameters, pass through two different focal points, the position of which does not depend on the value of the mass parameter.