Integrated biostratigraphy and carbon isotope stratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous (Barremian to Albian) Adriatic-Dinaridic carbonate platform deposits in Istria, Croatia

The Adriatic-Dinaridic carbonate platform (ADCP) was one of the largest and relatively well preserved Mesozoic platforms in the Mediterranean region (central Tethys). The peninsula Istria, in the northwestern part of the ADCP, is built up predominantly of shallow-water carbonates of the Middle Jurassic (Dogger) to Eocene age and, to a lesser extent, of Paleogene clastic deposits (flysch and calcareous breccia). This study focuses on a Lower Cretaceous (Barremian to Albian) succession of strata at five localities in western Istria. Stratigraphic determinations are based on identification of nine microfossil assemblages (benthic foraminifera and calcareous algae Dasycladales) and on using their taxa as index fossils. The age of strata with these microfossil assemblages, however, is questionable. Most of the age uncertainties are associated with a regional emersion, which occurred on the ADCP during the Aptian or close to the Aptian-Albian transition. It is unclear what portions of the Upper Aptian and/or Lower Albian are missing along this unconformity. A stable isotope study was conducted on homogenous micritic matrix samples in an attempt to resolve some of these uncertainties. Variations in carbon isotope compositions proved useful for stratigraphic correlation between the examined successions of strata, for improving their age determination, and for relating them to other coeval successions that span an important time interval of major oceanographic changes and carbon-cycle perturbations associated with the Early Aptian oceanic anoxic event (OAE 1a).     

鄂尔多斯盆地下石盒子组盒8段储集砂体发育控制因素及沉积模式研究

以鄂尔多斯盆地二叠系下石盒子组盒8段储集砂体为研究对象,在众多前人研究成果的基础上,综合研究了盆地内下石盒子组盒8段沉积演化过程中储集砂体发育特征,主要表现为:岩石类型多样,包括含砾粗砂岩、中粒砂岩、细粒砂岩等;成因复杂:包括冲积扇砂体、河流砂体、辫状河三角洲砂体等;分布广泛:具有广覆式大面积分布特征。在上述基础上,系统深入分析了控制盒8大面积砂体分布的关键因素,主要包括:强物源、多物源供给是基础,多水系发育是前提,平缓古地貌是背景,高流速河流是动力。其中,强物源、多物源不仅为盆地内提供了丰富碎屑物质,而且控制着盆地内不同区域储集砂体的岩性特征;多水系发育为形成大面积砂体分布提供了条件,发源于物源区向盆地内搬运陆源碎屑物质的六条水浅流急的辫状河道在盆地中部汇合交叉控制着单层砂体厚度及其连片性。平缓古地貌控制着多河道发育和长距离搬运过程中河道摆动、迁移频繁,并相互叠置交叉。高流速河流控制着平缓古地形上发育的多河道不断交叉、复合。并定量计算了盒8段储集砂体沉积时的地形古坡度,平均坡降为1.10m·km^-1,平均坡度为0.063°;古河流水体平均流速为8.31m·s^-1。进而,结合盆地内钻井实际建立了下石盒子组盒8段独具特色的"强物源供给的缓坡浅水辫状河三角洲沉积模式"。     

和田地区二叠—下三叠统层序地层特征与沉积体系

据陆相层序地层学原理及野外露头层序地层学方法,对新疆和田地区桑株、杜瓦、皮牙曼、阿其克等剖面的二叠—下三叠统进行层序界面识别,建立了和田地区层序地层格架.研究表明,该区二叠—下三叠统共划分为5个Ⅲ级层序及12个体系域.研究区在不同时期共发育5种沉积体系类型,包括冲积扇体系、河流沉积体系、湖泊沉积体系、三角洲体系及扇三角洲体系,指出该区层序演化中有利的烃源层、储集层和盖层及组合.     

The transgressive infill of an inherited-valley system: The Springhill Formation (lower Cretaceous) in southern Austral Basin, Argentina

The Berriasian-Valanginian Springhill Formation of the Austral Basin of southern South America comprises fluvial to marine deposits. In order to interpret depositional systems and unravel the stratigraphic architecture of this unit in the southern region of the basin (Tierra del Fuego Province, Argentina), 500 m of cores combined with well-log data from 41 wells were studied. Facies associations corresponding to fluvial (A1-A6), estuarine (B1-B5) and open-marine (C1-C4) depositional environments were identified. These facies associations succeed each other vertically across the entire study area (6800 km²) forming a ∼120-m-thick transgressive succession. This unit filled a north-south-oriented valley system, developed in the underlying Jurassic volcanic complex.Lowstand fluvial deposits of the first stage of the valley-system fill occur in downdip segments of the system above a sequence boundary (SB). These fluvial deposits are overlain by coastal-plain and tide-dominated estuarine strata across an initial transgressive surface (ITS). In the northern sector the earliest valley infill is characterized by a transgressive fluvial succession, overlying a merged SB/ITS that is probably time-equivalent of marginal-marine deposits of the southern sector. The fluvial strata in the north are overlain by wave-dominated estuarine deposits. A drastic change to open-marine conditions is marked by a marine flooding surface, with local evidence of marine erosion (FS-RS). Open-marine strata are thin (<10 m) and dominated by lower-shoreface and offshore-transition deposits. They are capped by a younger flooding surface (FS), which represents the onset to offshore conditions across the study area due to a continuous long-term transgression that persisted until the Barremian.Although the interpreted depositional systems and stratigraphic architecture of the Springhill Formation resemble transgressive incised-valley-fill successions, the greater thickness and larger size of the Springhill valleys suggest inherited rift topography rather than valley development during a relative sea-level fall.     

Depositional processes on oceanic island shelves – Evidence from storm‐generated Neogene deposits from the mid‐North Atlantic

Oceanic islands – such as the Azores in the mid‐North Atlantic – are periodically exposed to large storms that often remobilize and transport marine sediments along coastlines, and into deeper environments. Such disruptive events create deposits – denominated tempestites – whose characteristics reflect the highly dynamic environment in which they were formed. Tempestites from oceanic islands, however, are seldom described in the literature and little is known about storm‐related sediment dynamics affecting oceanic island shelves. Therefore, the geological record of tempestite deposits at oceanic islands can provide invaluable information on the processes of sediment remobilization, transport and deposition taking place on insular shelves during and after major storms. In Santa Maria Island (Azores), a sequence of Neogene tempestite deposits was incorporated in the island edifice by the ongoing volcanic activity (thus preserved) and later exposed through uplift and erosion. Because it was overlain by a contemporary coastal lava delta, the water depth at the time of deposition could be inferred, constituting an excellent case‐study to gain insight on the still enigmatic processes of insular shelf deposition. Sedimentological, palaeontological, petrographic and palaeo‐water depth information allowed the reconstruction of the depositional environment of these sediments. The sequence typifies the characteristics of a tempestite (or successive tempestites) formed at ca 50 m depth, in a steep, energetic open insular shelf, and with evidence for massive sediment remobilization from the nearshore to the middle or outer shelf. The authors claim that cross‐shelf transport induced by storm events is the main process of sediment deposition acting on steep and narrow shelves subjected to high‐energetic environments, such as the insular shelves of open‐sea volcanic islands.     

依兰盆地达连河组油页岩沉积特征及分布规律

依兰盆地为伸展作用下形成的半地堑式断陷盆地,油页岩发育于古近系达连河组中。油页岩与煤层伴生,分布在煤层顶部,是最主要的含矿层位。它形成于湖泊体系与沼泽体系,主要发育在水进体系域与高水位体系域中。其中,高水位体系域即上煤层顶板存在油页岩密集段,使得盆地油页岩资源潜力大幅度提高。达连河矿区是油页岩富集成矿的中心区带,东西向断裂控制着达连河组油页岩矿层的埋深以及展布成矿过程。     

不同沉积环境凝析油的分子有机地球化学特征

对中国１０个盆地不同沉积环境的４２个凝析油进行的ＧＣ、ＧＣ－ＭＳ、ＧＣ－ＡＥＤ及碳、氢同位素分析表明：海相、淡水、微咸水湖泊相、半成水湖泊相、咸水湖泊相凝析油以及沼泽相凝析油具有不同的有机分子和生物标记化合物组合以及碳氢同位素分布。海相凝析油富含异构烷烃和烷基环戊烷轻烃系列、硫芴及降姥鲛烷；贫二环倍半萜尤其是升锥满烷；Σ烷基环己烷／Σ正构烷烃值较大，具有较重的δＤ值和较轻的δ￣（１３）Ｃ值，前者平均－２９．８‰；后者平均－１１９．７‰。陆相咸水、半咸水湖相凝析油富含含硫化合物尤其是硫芴；Σ烷基环己烷／Σ正构烷烃值略小于海相凝析油；具明显植烷优势；具有较重的δ￣（１３）Ｃ值和δＤ值，平均值分别为－２５．５‰和－１２１．２‰，全烃色谱具继承性微弱奇偶优势。微咸水、淡水湖相凝析油相对富含二环倍半萜尤其是锥满烷和升锥满烷及芴。沼泽相凝析油富含甲苯、甲基环己烷（轻烃）、二环倍半萜及氧芴；尚检出有按叶油烷等陆相生标化合物；Σ烷基环己烷／Σ正构烷烃值较小，具有姥鲛烷优势；δ￣（１３）Ｃ值较重，平均值为－２６．５‰。     

Geochemistry of environmentally sensitive trace elements in Permian coals from the Huainan coalfield, Anhui, China

To study the geochemical characteristics of 11 environmentally sensitive trace elements in the coals of the Permian Period from the Huainan coalfield, Anhui province, China, borehole samples of 336 coals, two partings, and four roof and floor mudstones were collected from mineable coal seams. Major elements and selected trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HAAS). The depositional environment, abundances, distribution, and modes of occurrence of trace elements were investigated. Results show that clay and carbonate minerals are the principal inorganic constituents in the coals. A lower deltaic plain, where fluvial channel systems developed successively, was the likely depositional environment of the Permian coals in the Huainan coalfield. All major elements have wider variation ranges than those of Chinese coals except for Mg and Fe. The contents of Cr, Co, Ni, and Se are higher than their averages for Chinese coals and world coals. Vertical variations of trace elements in different formations are not significant except for B and Ba. Certain roof and partings are distinctly higher in trace elements than underlying coal bench samples. The modes of occurrence of trace elements vary in different coal seams as a result of different coal-forming environments. Vanadium, Cr, and Th are associated with aluminosilicate minerals, Ba with carbonate minerals, and Cu, Zn, As, Se, and Pb mainly with sulfide minerals.     

北京猿人洞堆积旋回与黄土和深海气候旋回对比

北京猿人洞13个堆积层可划分为7个堆积旋回。每个旋回早期的堆积层(砂、粉砂、粘土和钙扳层),含有暖温带气候特征的哺乳动物和孢粉组合;晚期的堆积层(洞穴角砾与巨砾层),含有温带较干冷气候特征的哺乳动物和孢粉组合。堆积层年代测定数据表明北京猿人洞7个堆积旋回形成于更新世中期,年代为128-730ka,与中国黄土层L₂-S₇,相当,可与深海氧同位素阶段6-19和气候旋回C-I对比。北京猿人在此洞断续生活了约35万年,即从距今约60万年的第5堆积旋回(δ¹⁸O第14阶段)至距今约25万年的第2堆积旋回(δ¹⁸O第8阶段)。