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901.
The deleterious effect of moisture in the microstructure of asphalt mixtures, usually referred to as moisture damage, has been recognized as a main cause of early deterioration of asphalt pavements. The initiation and evolution of moisture‐related deterioration is strongly influenced by the internal air void structure of asphalt mixtures. Despite its importance, the majority of works conducted on the micromechanical modeling of asphalt mixtures overlook the role of the air void structure, mainly because of its high complexity and variability. This paper explores the influence of air void variability on the performance of asphalt mixtures subjected to moisture diffusion processes. A stochastic modeling technique based on random field theory was used to generate internal distributions of physical and mechanical properties of the asphalt matrix of the mixture that depend on probable air voids distributions. The analysis was conducted by means of a coupled numerical micromechanical model of moisture damage. The results showed that the variability and distribution of air voids are decisive in determining the moisture‐dependent performance of asphalt mixtures. Furthermore, it was also shown that a stochastic characterization of the diverse air void configurations is a feasible and useful approach to better represent and understand mechanically related deterioration processes in asphalt mixtures. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
902.
Quang Thanh Nguyen Sabine Caré Yves Berthaud Alain Millard Frédéric Ragueneau 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2011,35(10):1141-1159
Most reinforced concrete structures are damaged due to corrosion of reinforcements in concrete. In normal conditions the pH near the reinforcements is around 12–13 which means that steel is in a passive state. But aggressive species, such as chloride ions or carbon dioxide, may penetrate into concrete and promote active corrosion. As a consequence (hydro)oxides are produced leading to degradation of concrete structures. For instance cracking of the concrete is generated due to the pressure induced by rust. In this paper, we study the inception and the propagation of cracking on reinforced mortar plates with rebars located either in the middle or at the corner. Additional experiments have been performed on cylindrical specimens to determine the local effect of rust pressure at the interface rust/mortar. The specimens have been subjected to imposed current density in order to enhance the corrosion and digital image intercorrelation has been used to determine displacement fields. The experiments have been compared to numerical modelling. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
903.
904.
This work is based on energies evaluated from the responses of 12 stone and brick masonry systems subjected to 58 shaking table tests. The evolution of input energy during a damaging base excitation is correlated to the change of the damage patterns of the considered buildings. The comparison among energies dissipated and absorbed by the buildings during the various shocks gives some hints on strengthening strategies. It is found that damage to spandrel beams produces a more significant energy absorption than other types of damage. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
905.
Using geographic information system to study flooded area and damage evaluation has been a hotspot in environmental disaster research for years. In this paper, a model for flooded area calculation and damage evaluation is presented. Flooding is divided into two types: ‘source flood’ and ‘non-source flood’. The source-flood area calculation is based on seed spread algorithm. The flood damage evaluation is calculated by overlaying the flooded area range with thematic maps and relating the result to other social and economic data. To raise the operational efficiency of the model, a skipping approach is used to speed seed spread algorithm and all thematic maps are converted to raster format before overlay analysis. The accuracy of flooded area calculation and damage evaluation is mainly dependent upon the resolution and precision of the digital elevation model (DEM) data, upon the accuracy of registering all raster layers, and upon the quality of economic information. This model has been successfully used in the Zhejiang Province Comprehensive Water Management Information System developed by the authors. The applications show that this model is especially useful for most counties of China and other developing countries. 相似文献
906.
岩石受压状态的损伤分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以损伤力学的方法对岩石在受压状态下的破坏行为进行了分析,损伤力学(CDM)方法近年来在金属、混凝土及复合材料等工程材料的蠕变、断裂等问题的研究中得到大量应用。损伤演变是物质内部结构的不可逆变化过程,损伤变量是与塑性变形一样的内变量,文中据实验数据推导出某类岩石的损伤变量演化曲线,以及损伤与应力的变化关系,以期用损伤学方法研究岩石变形的局部化行为。 相似文献
907.
908.
必须重视大型石油储罐的抗震问题 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
地震灾害是各种自然灾害中最大的一种灾害,而大型石油储罐则是石油化工设备中震害最大设备,因此必须重视大型油罐的抗震问题,本文从油罐的几何形状的荷载特征等方面说明了油罐震害之所以特别大的主要原因;指出了油罐的主要震害;并从四个方面说明了油罐的抗震理论是非常复杂的。 相似文献
909.
1994年世界灾害地震综述 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文综合叙述了1994年世界地震灾害的概况和特征;不同国情的地震灾害特点;成灾主要原因:地震预测、预报和抗震减灾的一些问题。 相似文献
910.
1995年5月27日俄罗斯远东地区萨哈林岛发生7.5级强烈地震,造成生命和财产的严重损失,这是俄罗斯历史上受灾最严重的一次地震。本文概述了这次地震的情况,内容包括:震源参数,震灾情况,救援情况,地震成因和地震趋势,以及俄罗斯的地震研究情况等。 相似文献