塔里木盆地吉拉克地区三叠系储层岩石学与地层损害分析

本文在分析塔里木盆地吉拉吉地区三叠系储层岩石学特征的基础上，探讨了潜在的地层损害因素。文章指出，塔里木盆地吉拉吉地区三叠系地层损害以水敏和碱敏为主，速敏和酸敏次之，还存在出砂的危险，且不宜采用酸化增产措施。     

无人机摄影技术在精河地震房屋震害定量评估中的应用

利用2017年8月9日精河6.6级地震后获取的高分辨率无人机影像，对叶里斯南也肯村153栋房屋进行结构分类和震害解译，获取研究区内土木结构、砖木结构、砖混结构、框架结构4种类型房屋数量及震害特征，并依据解译结果计算每种结构房屋平均震害指数。由于研究区内砖木结构、砖混结构、框架结构房屋数量偏少，房屋内部的震害难以用无人机影像识别，这3类房屋的震害解译结果与现场调查结果相比差别较大，而土木结构房屋平均震害指数及所对应的地震烈度结果与现场调查结果基本一致，表明无人机影像可为房屋震害定量评估提供重要参考。     

How to improve attribution of changes in drought and flood impacts

ABSTRACT

For the development of sustainable, efficient risk management strategies for the hydrological extremes of droughts and floods, it is essential to understand the temporal changes of impacts, and their respective causes and interactions. In particular, little is known about changes in vulnerability and their influence on drought and flood impacts. We present a fictitious dialogue between two experts, one in droughts and the other in floods, showing that the main obstacles to scientific advancement in this area are both a lack of data and a lack of commonly accepted approaches. The drought and flood experts “discuss” available data and methods and we suggest a complementary approach. This approach consists of collecting a large number of single or multiple paired-event case studies from catchments around the world, undertaking detailed analyses of changes in impacts and drivers, and carrying out a comparative analysis. The advantages of this approach are that it allows detailed context- and location-specific assessments based on the paired-event analyses, and reveals general, transferable conclusions based on the comparative analysis of various case studies. Additionally, it is quite flexible in terms of data and can accommodate differences between floods and droughts.     

基于新视角的震害分析——以四川长宁6.0级地震为例

四川长宁6.0级地震发生后，作者第一时间前往地震现场，获得第一手震害资料。基于“散、脆、偏、单”评估法，对当地建筑物震害特点和成灾机理进行深入剖析，并提出整治措施。实际震害显示，当前我国城乡建筑亟待解决的问题是“散”和“脆”；学校建筑和底商结构在此次地震中仍表现出诸多抗震不利问题，集中体现在因填充墙布置不合理导致的“偏”；高层建筑主体结构虽在地震后保存完好，但填充墙破坏较重，修缮费用较高。震害调查结果警醒行业人员需围绕实际震害特点精准发力，优化结构概念设计，全面提升抗震能力，推动韧性城乡建设。     

建立生命的地震易损性概率矩阵初探

1966年3月8日河北省邢台地震(M_S=6.8)震害调查资料的统计分析结果表明,地震造成人员伤亡的损失程度遵从正态的概率分布,据此初步建立起土坯墙房的生命地震易损性概率矩阵P(D_0|I)。该矩阵将可应用在地震灾害生命损失的概率预测研究中。     

吉林省金城洞绿岩带构造变形序列

金城洞绿岩带自晚太古代以来经历了多期变形：Ｄ＿１变形幕，形成片理、片麻理及无根褶曲，是深部构造层次的产物；Ｄ＿２变形幕，形成轴面片理及一系列轴向ＮＷ或ＮＷＷ向的紧闭同斜或平卧褶皱，并伴有英云闪长岩—奥长花岗岩侵入，是中深部构造层次的产物；Ｄ＿３变形幕，形成大型开阔褶皱，晚期形成韧性剪切带，是中浅部构造层次的产物。这三幕变形奠定了本区的基本构造格架。Ｄ＿４变形幕在中浅构造部位形成ＮＥ向开活褶皱。古生代以来，本区主要发生脆性变形。     

关于地壳垂直形变数据处理及分析的几个问题

本文对目前地壳垂直形变的数据采集、使用、信息提取及解释的现状等进行了分析，指出了存在的一些缺陷或不足，同时也提出了一些有关的看法。如果这些问题得不到较好的解决，则必然会导致形变分析的混乱，以致于影响形变研究的深入。     

Generation of hazard-consistent fragility curves

This paper presents an analytical method for generating fragility curves of structures. In the proposed method, seismic sources, path attenuation, local soil conditions, and nonlinear building behavior are systematically considered. The uncertainties in the earthquake-site-structure system are quantified by considering the uncertainties in the seismic, site, and structural parameters that define the system. For an illustration, the proposed method is used to generate fragility curves and a damge probability matrix for Smith Hall on the main campus of The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee.     

非发震断层的地震效应问题

本文采用二维动态有限元分析的方法，排除了影响宏观震害的其它因素，建立非发震断层的场地地震反应分析模型。计算中较全面地考虑了断层破碎带的尺度及带内岩土物理力学性能、断面产状、断层错距、覆盖层厚度、基岩起伏、输入波动力特性等一系列因素对地面峰值加速度及相对加速度反应谱的影响，并结合有关宏观震害资料从不同的角度对这些问题进行了初步的分析和探讨，认为非发震断层所表现出来的实际地震效应具有很大的随机性，其随机程度受控于断层自身要素的组合型式及各种外部条件。     

The catastrophic cyclone of April 1991: Its Impact on the economy of Bangladesh

A very severe cyclonic storm with wind speeds of over 240 km/h struck the coastal areas of Bangladesh in the full moon night of 29 April 1991. The path of the eye, close to the shore, raised a storm surge of unusual height, reportedly more than 9 m above the mean sea level, which devastated the offshore islands and the mainland coast. The damage to the physical infrastructure of the port of Chittagong and adjoining industrial area has been colossal, and recovery will take years. Death tolls from the cyclone, storm surge and its aftermath exceeded 145 000 making it one of the world's major natural disasters of this century.This paper is concerned with examining the magnitude and intensity of the disaster. It analyses how the people of Bangladesh, and the environment in which they live, were affected by the cyclone. A brief account is presented of loss of life and of the damage suffered in various sectors, including agriculture, industry, and physical infrastructure.The paper lays emphasis on the need of building a sufficient number of multipurpose cyclone shelters in the disaster-prone coastal areas of Bangladesh. Adequate measures should be taken for evacuating people from vulnerable areas and putting them into these shelters in the event of a cyclonic storm. Simplification of the current cyclone warning system is recommended.The difficulties of providing relief to the survivors are discussed. And finally, the need for improvement of the communication infrastructure in the coastal areas is highlighted.