A GIS-based method for flooded area calculation and damage evaluation

Using geographic information system to study flooded area and damage evaluation has been a hotspot in environmental disaster research for years. In this paper, a model for flooded area calculation and damage evaluation is presented. Flooding is divided into two types: ‘source flood’ and ‘non-source flood’. The source-flood area calculation is based on seed spread algorithm. The flood damage evaluation is calculated by overlaying the flooded area range with thematic maps and relating the result to other social and economic data. To raise the operational efficiency of the model, a skipping approach is used to speed seed spread algorithm and all thematic maps are converted to raster format before overlay analysis. The accuracy of flooded area calculation and damage evaluation is mainly dependent upon the resolution and precision of the digital elevation model (DEM) data, upon the accuracy of registering all raster layers, and upon the quality of economic information. This model has been successfully used in the Zhejiang Province Comprehensive Water Management Information System developed by the authors. The applications show that this model is especially useful for most counties of China and other developing countries.     

岩石受压状态的损伤分析

以损伤力学的方法对岩石在受压状态下的破坏行为进行了分析，损伤力学（CDM）方法近年来在金属、混凝土及复合材料等工程材料的蠕变、断裂等问题的研究中得到大量应用。损伤演变是物质内部结构的不可逆变化过程，损伤变量是与塑性变形一样的内变量，文中据实验数据推导出某类岩石的损伤变量演化曲线，以及损伤与应力的变化关系，以期用损伤学方法研究岩石变形的局部化行为。     

新疆克孜尔水库F_2断层近期形变特征初探

通过对布设在克孜尔水库大坝及库区一等水准点及 GPS监测网多期观测结果的分析 ,对贯穿大坝的 F2 断层近期形变特征进行了初步研究。结果表明 :F2 断层的活动属于新构造继承性运动 ,其水平形变速率大于垂直形变速率 ,并与地震活动存在着一定相关性     

必须重视大型石油储罐的抗震问题

地震灾害是各种自然灾害中最大的一种灾害，而大型石油储罐则是石油化工设备中震害最大设备，因此必须重视大型油罐的抗震问题，本文从油罐的几何形状的荷载特征等方面说明了油罐震害之所以特别大的主要原因；指出了油罐的主要震害；并从四个方面说明了油罐的抗震理论是非常复杂的。     

1994年世界灾害地震综述

本文综合叙述了１９９４年世界地震灾害的概况和特征；不同国情的地震灾害特点；成灾主要原因：地震预测、预报和抗震减灾的一些问题。     

1995年5月27日俄罗斯萨哈林岛强烈地震概况

１９９５年５月２７日俄罗斯远东地区萨哈林岛发生７．５级强烈地震，造成生命和财产的严重损失，这是俄罗斯历史上受灾最严重的一次地震。本文概述了这次地震的情况，内容包括：震源参数，震灾情况，救援情况，地震成因和地震趋势，以及俄罗斯的地震研究情况等。     

Numerical simulation of the 1992 Flores tsunami: Interpretation of tsunami phenomena in northeastern Flores Island and damage at Babi Island

Numerical analysis of the 1992 Flores Island, Indonesia earthquake tsunami is carried out with the composite fault model consisting of two different slip values. Computed results show good agreement with the measured runup heights in the northeastern part of Flores Island, except for those in the southern shore of Hading Bay and at Riangkroko. The landslides in the southern part of Hading Bay could generate local tsunamis of more than 10 m. The circular-arc slip model proposed in this study for wave generation due to landslides shows better results than the subsidence model, It is, however, difficult to reproduce the tsunami runup height of 26.2 m at Riangkroko, which was extraordinarily high compared to other places. The wave propagation process on a sea bottom with a steep slope, as well as landslides, may be the cause of the amplification of tsunami at Riangkroko. The simulation model demonstrates that the reflected wave along the northeastern shore of Flores Island, accompanying a high hydraulic pressure, could be the main cause of severe damage in the southern coast of Babi Island.     

华南春季低温冷害气候特征研究

利用华南地区４８个台站１９５１－１９９０年２、３月气象资料，比较详细地讨论华南春季低温冷害的气候特征，揭示出如下几点事实：（１）华南的春季低温冷害过程出现频率愈往南去，愈向２月份集中。华南北部，低温过程次数多，持续日数长，温度低，是低温冷害最重的区域，往南依次为中等与轻度低温冷害区域，雷州半岛及海南省基本无低温冷害。（２）低温冷害过程初日与终日的年陆波动非常大，初日极差普遍有１个月左右，终日极差高     

渍害遥感识别的基本原理与方法

本文论述了渍害遥感识别的主要标志，通过土壤热惯量、土壤含水量及土壤温度等渍害相关因子的讨论，阐明了渍害遥感识别的基本原理及几种主委方法。由于渍害涉及诸多因素，本文给出了以地学相关分析为基础的渍害判别模型。本研究表明，用遥感方法研究渍害是切实可行的。     

误差Mohr圆及协因数不变量

作者以Mohr圆表示了平面坐标系中点位协因数的各分量。本法不仅能给出任意方向上的自协因数,也可容易表示出两正交方向间的互协因数。Mohr圆不仅全面地反映了一点的误差状态,并可解决位移检验等实际问题。文中还指出,三维空间点坐标的协因数阵存在3个与坐标系无关的不变量。