倾斜摄影技术在灾后建筑物损毁评估巾的应用分析

在分析了常规遥感技术在建筑物损毁评估应用中存在不足的基础上,介绍了最近几年发展起来的倾斜摄影技术的基本原理、数据获取和信息提取的情况,概述了倾斜摄影技术在建筑物损毁评估中的应用现状.提出倾斜摄影技术用于建筑物损毁评估可以从人工目视解译、房屋倾斜程度计算、房屋立面裂缝提取三个角度开展,并分别概述了这些方法的主要处理流程.最后针对倾斜摄影用于建筑物损毁评估面临的困难,对未倾斜摄影技术应用在建筑物损毁评估精度方面的前景进行了展望.     

洛南-栾川断裂带（栾川段）变形特征及形成环境研究

洛南-栾川断裂带是秦岭造山带中一条著名的断裂带,是华北板块与秦岭造山带的地质分界线,其走向近东西,断裂带发育有宽坪岩群和陶湾岩群等岩石,洛南-栾川断裂带的构造作用过程及其演化对这些岩石的变形起了重要作用。因此,分析断裂带岩石的变形特征及其形成条件对于探讨洛南-栾川断裂带的构造环境以及分析古板块汇聚边界变形有重要意义。本文以洛南-栾川断裂带栾川段为主要研究对象,通过室内外变形研究及多种测试分析,认为洛南-栾川断裂带基本走向为290°,倾角为58°～89°,糜棱面理、矿物生长线理和褶皱普遍发育,具有由南向北的俯冲兼有左行平移的运动学特征。断裂带内岩石变形强烈,变形矿物主要为石英、方解石、黑云母和白云母。变形机制：石英以膨凸式和亚颗粒旋转动态重结晶为主,方解石以机械双晶和亚颗粒旋转变形为主,云母变形以应变滑劈理为主。在宽坪岩群北侧和陶湾岩群南侧主要为塑性变形,在陶湾岩群北侧主要为脆性变形。分别对应于洛南-栾川断裂带第2期由南向北的俯冲走滑构造活动和第4期由北向南的脆性逆冲推覆构造活动。通过方解石机械双晶、多硅白云母压力计、黑白云母Ti温度计、斜长角闪温度计等方法分别对洛南-栾川断裂带（栾川段）的形成环境进行了分析,得到矿物变形温度为440℃～509℃, 压力为0.4～1.4 GPa, 差异应力为0.27～0.426 GPa, 即韧性剪切带的形成环境属中温、中压条件。因此,本文认为洛南-栾川断裂带（栾川段）变形环境为中温、中压,相当于地壳浅层的构造变形环境。     

Hazard Assessment of Cold and Hot Damage for Double-Season Early Rice (DSER) in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River Basin

Cold and hot damages which are both common disasters occurring in DSER growth time in lower-middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin harm early rice. The two disasters occurrence should be deeply studied to protect the DSER yield. This study was based on meteorological data of 48 agricultural meteorological stations during 1961-2010 period and agricultural meteorological data during 1981-2010 for DSER in lower-middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin. In this study, the growth time was divided into several phases according to the growth stage, including tillering stage, booting stage, flowering stage and filling stage. The disasters taking place at some stages was identified by building new judging standard and their intensity value was calculated by harm accumulated temperature calculation model. Fisher optimal division method was used to classify the disasters and H-P filter was used to consider the reduction of the yield. It was conducted to analize the disasters’ characteristics in growing season, the intensity of hazard and the weight of hazard at each stage by judging and quantifying cold and hot damage and developing hazard assessment model of disasters. All findings were displayed in maps by GIS technology. The results showed that: ①New disaster judging standard was more suitable for DSER and the hazard assessment model could reveal the disaster situation in lower-middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin. ②Cold damage was severe at tillering stage while hot damage was severe at filling stage. In the view of the distribution of the decadal disaster intensity, cold damage became to be weak and hot damage became to be strong. Compared with the plains, mountainous region and hilly ground were attacked by cold damage frequently and hot damage rarely from the perspective of spatial distribution of disasters. Distinctly, plains near large areas of water were often harmed by cold damage at booting and flowering stage. ③The area of high hazard value and high disasters value at each stage were overlapped by each other roughly. Studying the hazard of the whole growth season showed that the highest hazard value was in Zhejiang province, and the next in Hubei Province. So Hu’nan and Jiangxi Provinces were quite suitable to grow DSER. ④In contrast with the hazard weight at each stage, the vulnerable phases of the whole growth time were in sequence of filling stage> tillering stage> flowering stage > booting stage. What’s more, aiming at defensing and fending off risk, some special stages in special province should be paid close attention including booting and filling stages in Hubei Province, tillering and flowering and filling stages in Hu’nan Province, tillering and filling stages in Jiangxi Province, flowering and filling stages in Zhejiang Province. The conclusion can be taken as theoretical basis for the government management of agricultural production, disaster prevention and mitigation.     

郯庐断裂带中桃源韧性剪切带剪切温压条件及锆石U-Pb分析

郯庐断裂带西侧的桃源韧性剪切带位于合肥市肥东县浮槎山的东麓,是郯庐断裂带的重要组成部分。左旋平移现象十分经典,走向北北东,垂直于大别造山带展布,带内大量发育高温糜棱岩。综合剪切带内基质的矿物组合、变形机制及电子探针分析结果,本文得出该韧性剪切带的变形温度为550~650℃,压力在0.5GPa左右,属高温中压变质环境,剪切深度大概在20km左右,后期抬升至地表。剪切带内不同岩石分别给出了~0.8Ga、~2.0Ga、~2.5Ga的锆石U-Pb基底年龄。推断0.8Ga和2.0Ga年龄具有华南板块的特征,而2.5Ga年龄岩石兼具有华南和华北板块的属性,仍无法判断其具体来自哪个板块。此外,剪切带内发育的同构造弱变形伟晶岩脉测得年龄为129Ma,指示郯庐断裂带肥东段在129Ma仍在进行左行剪切活动,但剪切强度已大幅衰减。     

基于小波分析的海洋平台实时结构健康监测

由于海洋平台结构长期处于恶劣的海洋环境中,并受到各种载荷的交互作用,结构容易产生各种形式的损伤。因此,对海洋平台进行实时监测有着十分重要的现实意义。以单筒简易导管架平台为例,主要在结构损伤的判定和定位两方面对海洋平台的实时结构健康监测进行研究,结果表明通过对结构响应信号进行小波分析,小波变换系数和小波包能量分布可以很好地定义损伤识别指标。     

页岩气储层钻井液损害评价研究

延长油田页岩气储层埋藏较深,地质条件复杂,页理构造发育,岩石物性极差,页岩易膨胀、分散。由于孔缝并存,页岩气储层比砂岩油藏具有更严重的微粒运移损害、储层应力敏感损害、水锁损害等特性。鉴于延长页岩储层太过致密,不能用常规方法进行渗透率测定。通过采用人造裂缝法测定钻井液对储层裂缝的污染程度来表征钻井液对储层的损害率。经人造裂缝法测定,延长油田现场使用的白油基钻井液体系对页岩气储层的污染渗透率恢复率达到91.060%,初步证实该体系具有良好的储层保护效果,可在延长油田进一步推广使用并验证。     

Behavior of Deformation and Strength of Concrete Under Biaxial Stresses

The study of the behavior of concrete under biaxial stresses is essential to the design of offshore concrete platforms. Using the multiaxial test apparatus developed by the authors, the deformation and strength of concrete under biaxial stresses are studied experimentally. Based on the test data, an endochronic damage constitutive model and a failure criterion are proposed. According to the above model, an incremental nonlinear iterative programme is developed, and a plate sample in plane stress state is analyzed.     

Biomarker responses in Macoma nasuta (Bivalvia) exposed to sediments from northern San Francisco Bay

Our study investigates biomarker responses and survival of Macoma nasuta exposed to sediments collected from six locations in northern San Francisco Bay. Biomarkers analyzed were stress proteins (hsp70) in gill, mantle and digestive gland, lysosomal membrane damage and histopathologic lesions. Sediments and clam tissues were analyzed for a comprehensive suite of heavy metals and trace organic pollutants. Sediment grain size and organic carbon content were determined. Clams accumulated metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (aldrin and p,p^′-DDT and its metabolites p,p^′-DDD and p,p^′-DDE). Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis revealed that mortality, hsp70 in gill and histopathologic lesion scores in gonads, and lysosomal membrane damage were significantly correlated with tissue concentrations of DDT and/or its metabolites. Tissue concentrations of metals, in particular nickel, chromium, and copper, were associated with macrophage aggregates in digestive gland and germ cell necrosis. Cadmium was linked to mortality and lysosomal membrane damage.     

Damage Localization of Offshore Platforms Under Ambient Excitation

In this paper Nondestructive Damage Detection (NDD) for offshore platforms is investigated under operational conditions. As is known, there is no easy way to measure ambient excitation, so damage detection methods based on ambient excitation have become very vital for the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of offshore platforms. The modal parameters (natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes) are identified from structural response data with the Natural Excitation Technique (NExT) in conjunction with the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA) . A new method of damage detection is presented, which utilizes the invariance property of element modal strain energy. This method is to assign element modal strain energy to two parts, and defines two damage detection indicators. One is compression modal strain energy change ratio (CMSECR); the other is flexural modal strain energy change ratio (FMSECR). The present modal strain energy is obtained by incomplete modal shape and structural stiffness matr