湖北松滋大冶组深水碳酸盐岩沉积

湖北松滋下三叠统大冶组主要为一套深水碳酸盐岩,与下伏上二叠统长兴组灰色中厚层状灰岩呈整合接触,它以深水原地沉积为主,夹有深水异地沉积。深水原地沉积以深灰色薄层泥晶灰岩和页岩互层为主,异地沉积以浊流沉积和碎屑流沉积为主。浊流沉积鲍玛层序C、D、E段发育,以粉屑灰岩、泥晶灰岩为主;碎屑流沉积以泥晶砾屑灰岩为主。其岩相类型有泥晶灰岩(M1)、泥晶粉屑灰岩(M2)、泥晶砾屑灰岩(M3)、泥页岩(C1),可组合为盆地—盆地边缘相(M1+C1)、下斜坡亚相、上斜坡亚相(M1或M1+M3)、开阔台地相(M1+C1)四种组合。从早三叠世早期到晚期,水体逐渐变浅,但总体表现为深水沉积环境。     

深水牵引流沉积研究进展与展望

深水牵引流沉积是继深水重力流沉积之后发现的又一种新的深水沉积类型，目前已发现的深水牵引流沉积包括等深流沉积和内潮汐、内波沉积两种类型。综述了深水牵引流沉积的研究历史、现状与进展，指出了其存在的问题及发展趋势。     

东非鲁伍马盆地窄陆架背景下的深水沉积体系

通过岩心、钻井、地震等资料以及物源分析,详细研究了东非鲁伍马盆地构造及沉积演化特征,初步提出了研究区窄陆架背景之下的沉积体系模式。研究认为,鲁伍马盆地陆坡较陡峭且峡谷水道非常发育,而深海平原地形趋于平缓,这有利于形成大型海底扇沉积体系。鲁伍马盆地沉积主要受控于鲁伍马河水系,尤其从渐新世开始受区域隆升影响,导致盆地西缘遭受抬升剥蚀,沉积物源供应充足,加之鲁伍马河水系较为发育,并伴随全球性海退,形成了庞大的向海推进的鲁伍马三角洲沉积体系,这也为海底扇的发育提供了丰富的物源,使得研究区发育了鲁伍马三角洲—水道—海底扇复合沉积体系。     

南海北部琼东南盆地深水区陵水凹陷南部油气成藏条件

勘探已证实陵水凹陷浅层新近系发育中央峡谷莺歌海组—黄流组有效天然气成藏组合。渐新统崖城组煤系是陵水凹陷的主力气源岩,也可为陵水凹陷南部提供烃源。渐新统上部陵水组一段—中新统下部三亚组二段发育扇三角洲、浊积水道、海底扇砂岩储层,砂体富集的主控因素是凹陷边界断裂转换带、断阶带及构造坡折。陵水凹陷南部具有晚期成藏的特点,陵水凹陷生成的烃类通过断裂、砂体向南侧发生垂向与侧向运聚。综合储层、运移及圈闭条件等因素,优选出陵南斜坡反向断阶构造带为有利勘探区带。     

世界主要被动大陆边缘深水含油气盆地生储盖组合发育规律

世界被动陆缘深水含油气盆地的演化可划分为裂前期、裂谷期以及裂后期(被动陆缘期),裂后期又可划分出热沉降期和漂移期两个亚期.裂谷期发育的裂谷层序和漂移期发育的漂移层序是构成生储盖组合的主要层序.统计发现,盆地的生储盖组合主要有裂谷期生储盖、裂谷期生或混生-漂移期储盖和漂移期生储盖三种组合.三种生储盖组合类型均主要发育海陆...     

东海深海蟹类1新记录种——凹背熟盾蟹（甲壳动物亚门：十足目：宽甲蟹科）

在整理中国科学院海洋生物标本馆收藏的蟹类标本时,经形态分类学方法发现中国海宽甲蟹科1深海新记录种——凹背熟盾蟹Hephthopelta cribrorum Rathbun,1932。标本采自东海850m海底。凹背熟盾蟹以往仅有1雄性个体（正模）采自日本相模湾,本文首次报道此稀有种的雌性个体,并提供了鉴别特征及详细图片。     

Estimating Synaphobranchus kaupii densities: Contribution of fish behaviour to differences between bait experiments and visual strip transects

Kaup's arrowtooth eel Synaphobranchus kaupii is a small-bodied fish and an abundant inhabitant of the European continental slope. To estimate its local density video information using the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) Victor 6000 were collected at three locations in the Bay of Biscay slope. Two methods for estimating local densities were tested: strip transect counts and bait experiments. For bait experiments three behaviour types were observed in about equal proportions for individuals arriving near the seafloor: moving up the current towards the ROV, moving across the current and drifting with the current. Visible attraction towards the bait was the highest for individuals swimming against the current (80%) and about equally low for the other two types (around 30%); it did not depend on current speed nor temperature. Three main innovations were introduced for estimating population densities from bait experiments: (i) inclusion of an additional behaviour category—that of passively drifting individuals, (ii) inclusion of reaction behaviour for actively swimming individuals and (iii) a hierarchical Bayesian estimation framework. The results indicated that about half of individuals were foraging actively of which less than one third reacted on encountering the bait plume and the other half were drifting with the current. Taking account of drifting individuals and the reaction probability made density estimates from bait experiments and strip transects more similar.     

洋山深水港入境船舶压载水浮游动物种类组成分析

2008年10月至2009年4月采集了19艘停靠在上海洋山深水港的入境船舶压载水水样,对其浮游动物的种类组成进行了分析,共检出压载水中浮游动物39种,其中桡足类37种、淡水枝角类1种、海洋枝角类1种.结果显示,压载水中浮游动物的密度及种类组成与水样压载地的环境直接相关,不同航线船舶压载水中浮游动物的种类差异较大.调查发...     

Organic biogeochemistry of the Darwin Mounds, a deep-water coral ecosystem, of the NE Atlantic

The Darwin Mounds are a series of small (5 m high, 75–100 m diameter) sandy features located in the northern Rockall Trough. They provide a habitat for communities of Lophelia pertusa and associated fauna. Suspended particulate organic matter (sPOM) reaching the deep-sea floor, which could potentially fuel this deep-water coral (DWC) ecosystem, was collected during summer 2000. This was relatively “fresh” (i.e. dominated by labile lipids such as polyunsaturated fatty acids) and was derived largely from phytoplankton remains and faecal pellets, with contributions from bacteria and microzooplankton. Labile sPOM components were enriched in the benthic boundary layer (10 m above bottom (mab)) relative to 150 mab. The action of certain benthic fauna that are exclusively associated with the DWC ecosystem (e.g. echiuran worms) leads to the subduction of fresh organic material into the sediments. The mound surface sediments are enriched in organic carbon, relative to off-mound sites. There is no evidence for hydrocarbon venting at this location.     

A weakly non-gaussian model of wave height distribution for random wave train

The wave height distribution with Edgeworth’s form of a cumulative expansion of probability density function (PDF) of surface elevation are investigated. The results show that a non-Gaussian model of wave height distribution reasonably agrees with experimental data. It is discussed that the fourth order moment (kurtosis) of water surface elevation corresponds to the first order nonlinear correction of wave heights and is related with wave grouping.