Experimental study on reduction of U (Ⅵ) by an anaerobic bacterium, Shewanella putrefaciens: Application to sandstone-hosted interlayer oxidation-zone type uranium deposits, China

An experimental study on reduction of U (Ⅵ) by anaerobic bacteria, Shewane//a putrefaciens, is first reported here in China. The experimental conditions were: 35℃ and pH =7.0-7.4, corresponding to a physicochemical environments in which the sandstone-hosted interlayer oxidation-zone type uranium deposit formed in Northwest China's Xinjiang. Bacteria adopted in the present experiment, Shewanella putrefaciens, occur extensively in natural environment. Our study shows that nano-crystal precipitates of uraninite quickly occurred on the surface of the cells within one week. It was found that the pitchblende was characterized by a random arrangement of uraninite nanocrystals (2-4 nm) in it, significantly different from natural pitchblende in which uraninite nanocrystals are arranged in order. Finally, a possible mechanism of uranium biomineralization by microorganisms in the deposits is discussed. Our investigation may supply a technical train of thoughts for bioremediation of nuclear-contaminated water environments and for underground dissolving extraction of the sandstone-hosted uranium ores.     

新疆东准库布苏金矿床石英矿物标型特征及找矿评价意义

新疆东准库布苏金矿床石英矿物标型特征及找矿评价意义张旺生高怀忠吕瑞英（中国地质大学,武汉４３００７４）关键词石英标型特征找矿评价东准噶尔新疆１金矿成矿阶段石英的一般特征库布苏金矿位于新疆东准噶尔野马泉南约１６ｋｍ,矿区所属构造单元为西伯利亚板块准噶...     

湘西南采金“信”的地质解释

在湘西南民间开采脉金的活动中,人们积累了很多识别金富集的标志,简称“信”。本文收集列举了25种“信”,并相应地作了地质解释,评估了含金情况。从金的地球化学特性,论述了“信”与金富集的内在联系。     

Multidimensional statistical technique for detection of low contrast geochemical anomalies

In this article we propose an advanced technique for detecting low contrast geochemical anomalies using a set of features. There are three principal elements in this technique: (1) a statistical measure of the contrast of the anomaly, denoted as τ; (2) selection of a background population; and (3) reduction of the dimensionality of the feature space. In the frame of the model, which describes the statistical distribution of geochemical background as a multidimensional normal distribution of logarithms of concentrations, the index, τ, is a powerful test statistic for the hypothesis of abnormality of an observation. Maps of τ anomalies can be rigorously interpreted on the basis of statistical inferences. Under all equal conditions this technique allows the detection of geochemical anomalies with at least the same contrast (if the chemical elements in a background population are correlated, then even the better) as using selective extractions of metals from soil or other techniques for data processing. The advantages of the proposed technique are demonstrated both theoretically and on examples of rare-metal and copper–nickel mineral deposits.     

铜陵新桥层状菱铁矿成因的矿物学证据及成矿意义

安徽铜陵新桥矿区二叠系栖霞组底部和石炭系黄龙组—船山组之间产出层状、似层状菱铁矿矿层。开展菱铁矿矿层成因研究对于深入剖析区域层控矽卡岩型铜铁矿床成矿机制具有重要意义。本文利用粉晶X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）对菱铁矿矿石进行矿物学研究,结果发现菱铁矿矿石主要由菱铁矿、石英、伊利石和有机质等组成,菱铁矿颗粒粒径较小,表面具有成岩自生的自形石英硬模的微结构,SEM原位微区成分分析显示菱铁矿中除了主量元素铁,还含有大量的锰、锌和钙。矿石中存在两种微结构和不同成因的石英：表面具菱铁矿硬模和次生加大结构的碎屑石英;具六方双锥、单锥以及生物成因球形的自生石英。菱铁矿矿石的组成和矿物表面微结构表明其为沉积成因,非岩浆热液起源。富有机质和亚铁的沉积菱铁矿层和沉积胶状黄铁矿层协同作用,可能是铜陵地区乃至长江中下游成矿带层状铜铁矿床层控性重要制约因素,以及可能作为燕山期中酸岩浆演化的氧化性含铜成矿流体卸载成矿的地球化学还原障。

     

青海东昆仑哈陇休玛钼多金属矿床成矿流体特征及成矿模式

哈陇休玛钼多金属矿床是东昆仑成矿带东段目前仅有的中型斑岩型矿床。为了查明其成矿流体性质及成矿物质来源,构建矿床成矿模式,本文进行了详细的流体包裹体和H-O-S同位素研究。流体包裹体显微测温显示,哈陇休玛矿床发育气液两相和含CO₂三相两种类型包裹体,成矿流体呈现中高温(集中于280～340℃)、高盐度(w(NaCl),集中于6.00%～18.00%)和中等密度(集中于0.64～0.92 g/cm³)特点,成矿深度为2.4～4.1 km,形成于中浅成环境。H-O同位素显示,成矿流体具有岩浆水和大气降水混合的特征,但主体以岩浆水为主;S同位素显示,成矿物质主要来自于深部岩浆。结合区域构造演化认为,哈陇休玛矿床成矿模式为印支晚期东昆仑地区发生强烈壳幔混合作用,形成富含成矿元素的混合岩浆,含矿流体在随混合岩浆上升的过程中发生流体沸腾,并与大气降水混合冷却,导致成矿物理化学条件发生变化,促使成矿物质沉淀成矿。     

豫南火山岩型银多金属矿地质特征及成矿规律

从区域地质背景、矿带地质特征、典型矿床研究及稳定同位素等方面,论述豫南地区与中生代陆相火山岩有关的银多金属矿床地质特征,以及成矿与火山活动在时间、空间和成矿物质来源等方面的联系,总结了矿带成矿规律。研究认为,该成矿带属与燕山期陆相火山、次火山岩有关的银、铅、锌、金、钼成矿系列,并建立了成矿模式。在此基础上,提出了石山口破火山口南缘及沿龟梅断裂带两个金、银多金属矿的找矿方向。     

青海龙尾沟铜、金矿床地质特征、矿床成因及成矿远景分析

龙尾沟铜、金矿床是在青海省柴北缘成矿亚区内所取得的重大找矿突破,该矿床产于下元古界达肯大坂群(Pt1dk)地层内,并受F6断裂破碎带控制.通过对矿床地质特征、矿石及花岗斑岩脉地球化学特征研究,首次提出龙尾沟铜、金矿床是与岩浆作用有关的斑岩型矿床.从已查明铜、金矿床(体)的控矿因素和矿化特征分析,深部存在规模较大矿化体的前景,应进一步加强该地区深部勘探及研究力度,以期获得找矿的更大突破.     

攀枝花大田铀矿床年代学特征及其意义

文章以康滇地轴典型热液型铀矿——大田铀矿床为研究对象,开展了围岩、构造蚀变带脉岩中的锆石和矿石晶质铀矿U-Pb法定年,以及年代学特征研究,获得如下认识:1)大田地区混合岩的原岩形成于晚元古代早期之前(900Ma);2)混合岩化作用发生于840~900Ma;3)铀矿区F3碱性构造蚀变岩带形成于混合岩化晚期(820~840Ma);4)大田铀矿床的成矿年龄为777Ma左右。因此笔者认为,康滇地轴的形成与发展、包括铀在内的成矿作用,是与罗迪尼亚大陆的形成及裂解演化所导致的构造岩浆作用密切相关。大田地区的构造演化对铀成矿具有重要的意义。