乌鲁木齐天文站南山GPS跟踪站的地心坐标精确测定

利用GAMIT软件 ,采用有基准算法对乌鲁木齐南山观测基地新建GPS跟踪站GUAO的观测资料进行了归算 ,结果表明该站观测资料的质量是可靠的 ,并首次获得了该站在ITRF2 0 0 0中毫米级精度的地心坐标     

Luojia-01夜光数据和“点轴发育”理论支持下的夜间经济集聚区定量识别与分类方法

“夜间经济”蕴含巨大的消费潜能和市场空间,夜间经济集聚区作为其载体,其准确识别、合理分类和科学布局是发展夜间经济的切入点和主要抓手,更是夜间经济可持续发展的保障。本文在“点轴发育、定量识别”的认知框架下,在定量表达夜间经济活力测度的基础上,利用焦点统计和ISO聚类分析方法提取和识别夜间经济集聚中心和集聚区,并根据区位熵及其变异系数对识别结果进行类型划分,克服了目前夜间经济实践中存在的集聚区范围划定主观随意、类型标准不一的问题,为夜间经济定量化研究开辟了新的思路。研究表明：① 相较于DMPS/OLS及NPP-VIIRS等夜光遥感数据,Luojia1-01数据的空间分辨率高,溢出效应低,更适合于“夜间经济区”这种小尺度的精细化研究。② 夜间灯光和兴趣点数据是夜间社会活力和功能活力的良好表征,其综合影响可通过夜间经济活力测度来定量表达;③ 上海推出的12个地标性夜生活集聚区中,有11个被识别,识别率达91.7%;④ 根据集聚区的功能结构差异,可将其划分为非平衡发展-起步型、平衡发展-起步型、非平衡发展-成熟型、平衡发展-成熟型4种类型,该分类方式具有普适性;⑤ 在起步阶段,上海中心城区夜间经济集聚区主导功能为购物、餐饮;在成熟阶段,其特色发展方向为住宿、科教文化和体育休闲功能。四大集聚区类型在空间分布上形成明显的圈层结构。     

虚拟参考站系统的设计与建立

本文介绍了VRS的基本概念，传统RTK技术的局限性及VRS的优点，详细描述了虚拟参考站系统的组成和结构设计，希望能为今后类似系统的建立和设计提供一定参考。     

中国大陆地壳形变GNSS站网简述及数据产品应用现状

自20世纪80年代中期以来,GNSS技术在高精度地壳运动观测与构造形变研究中取得了丰硕的成果,为大地测量、地球动力学研究和防震减灾等诸多领域的业务深化和应用拓展提供了强大的技术支撑。本文在回顾中国大陆地壳形变GNSS站网发展历程的基础上,阐述该网络产出的中国大陆长期构造运动速度场、中国大陆应变率场、位移时间序列、基线时间序列和多边形应变时间序列等几类基础产品,分析这些产品在中国大陆构造运动动态趋势和地震预测分析中的应用情况以及所面临的瓶颈问题,最后展望未来GNSS在高精度地壳运动监测应用中的发展方向。以中国大陆构造环境监测网络为基础,大力推进国内海量GNSS观测数据的共享,提升GNSS多系统融合定位精度,将产出更为精细的科学产品,更好地服务于中国大陆地壳运动和地震预测分析等研究。     

多普勒天气雷达风场退模糊方法的研究

文章提出了对多普勒天气雷达的风场信息进行预处理的“K-邻域频数法”,该方法物理统计意义比较明确,能够有效地处理风场信息中的“噪声”问题。在此基础上,设计了单径向的速度扩展算法,并提出了“双径向-双切向”的方法, 其效果与美国WSR-88D。NSSL和FSL的算法相当。该文还设计了一个界面十分友好的人机交互方法,可以达到约90%以上的速度扩展正确率,是对传统的人机交互方法的极大改进。     

The perceptions of fisheries management options by Spain's Atlantic fishermen

This paper analyses the perceptions of Spanish fishermen working in Atlantic fishing grounds on current fishery regulation measures and the possibility of introducing transferable rights as is established in the EC's latest proposal to reform the Common Fisheries Policy. A survey was conducted through face-to-face interviews and ordered logistic and multiple regression models to identify which characteristics influence fishermen's perceptions and attitudes. The results show that the fleet segments most in favour of implementing ITQs correspond to industrial fishing, while the smaller-scale fisheries (artisanal, gillnets, longline and coastal trawl) are more in favour of a system involving individual effort (fishing days or kW days), transferable or otherwise.     

Coming to Terms with “Integrated Coastal Management”: Problems of Meaning and Method in a New Arena of Resource Regulation

This paper traces the emergence of coastal management in the late twentieth century and assesses the social and spatial implications of the new Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) philosophy that guides national regulatory programs worldwide. A review of the epistemology of ICM reveals its link to the United Nations marine regulatory regime (the Law of the Sea) and the sustainable development paradigm embraced at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. I suggest that the resulting regulatory regime facilitates the opening of coastal zones worldwide to aggressive state and global capital investment. By promoting the overhaul of existing social and spatial organization in coastal zones and by asserting the primacy of resource access for modern economic interests, ICM may introduce more rather than less social conflict and ecological degradation. To illustrate this dynamic, I examine the case of coral reef management in general, and in the context of the Sri Lankan ICM program.     

瓦里关温室气体本底研究的主要进展

由于温室气体浓度显著增长及其在气候与环境变化中的作用,国际上众多的科学计划和观测体系都把它们的时空分布、源汇及趋势列为重要内容,获得的各种资料在评价人类活动对气候和环境的影响及有关对策研究中起着关键作用.文章阐述了在中国内陆本底地区开展温室气体长期、定点观测的意义和必要性,系统地讨论了10多年来中国瓦里关本底站温室气体本底研究的主要进展.利用瓦里关经严格国际比对和质量控制的大气C02、CH4长期观测资料,结合同期的地面风资料进行统计分析,建立了瓦里关大气C02和CH4本底资料筛选方法;利用本底观测资料,研究了瓦里关大气CO2及其δ13C、CH4和CO本底变化及源汇特征所体现的亚洲内陆地域特点和全球代表性,并进一步与同期、同纬度海洋边界层参比值(MBL)以及北半球其他6个大气本底站同期观测数据对比分析,发现了瓦里关大气CH4和CO独特的季节变化并探讨了成因;根据空气团后向轨迹簇所途经的下垫面源汇同观测的大气CO2和CH4浓度变化之间的关系,探讨了瓦里关大气CO2和CH4的输送来源;利用Hysplit-4扩散与输送模式,计算了冬、夏典型月份人为源和自然生态系统源汇对瓦里关大气CO2浓度变化的贡献.并在现有基础上,提出了有待进一步解决的科学问题.     

海域使用时空数据管理模式研究

随着时间的推移和对海域开发利用的变化以及对海域开发利用程度的提高,海域使用时空数据的动态管理将成为海域使用管理的重要内容。论文通过对海域使用数据的分析,提出了海域使用时空数据管理的模式,在原有海域使用信息的基础上增加时间信息和水深信息的管理,将海域使用数据的空间分类体系和相互影响关系与时空数据的动态管理有机的结合在一起。在空间层次上对海域使用进行重新的归类和补充,建立海域使用空间相互影响关系表,分析了海域使用时空数据的组成,设计了宗海时空数据库结构。按照海域使用时空数据管理模式,采用ESRI MapObjects的GIS图形软件包进行了开发试验,实现了海域使用过程中不同时间、不同空间层次数据的动态管理和时空分析。     

Higher-order neighbor analysis of the Tartarus Colles cone groups, Mars: The application of geographical indices to the understanding of cone pattern evolution

Cone fields of ambivalent origin exist in the Elysium, Amazonis, Cerberus, Isidis, Acidalia and Cydonia regions of Mars. Considerable interest exists in regard to their location and origin as their occurrence in many instances, is most likely associated with near surface ground ice; the presence of which has consequences for past and present climate, astrobiological activity, and future exploration. This research has outlined an understanding of both spatial and geomorphic processes of cone development for a region within the Tartarus Colles, Mars, as well as the manner in which spatial statistical indices can be affected by modification to the areal unit of study. This study found that cone groups for the region of the Tartarus Colles, are completely spatially random (CSR) across all distances extending to their sixth-order neighbor. However, significant statistical indices of aggregation were found for groups where post-emplacement erosional modification may have occurred by solifluction-like mechanisms or magmatic incursion into or over frozen ground. Such circumstances imply that R-indices reflect both the underlying spatial and geologic processes of cone formation, and also, an overprint of erosional modification of the cone-field within a glacial or periglacial setting, in this instance. The comparison of spatial indices can therefore offer a viewpoint from which geomorphic change can be recognized and quantitatively evaluated for cone fields.