Relationship Between Solidification Depth of Granitic Rocks and Formation of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits

Chemical analysis of biotite in representative granitic rocks in Japan shows that the total Al (^TAl) content changes with the metal type of the accompanying hydrothermal ore deposits and increases in the following order: Pb‐Zn and Mo deposits < Cu‐Fe and Sn deposits < W deposits < non‐mineralized granitic rocks. The ^TAl content of biotite in granitic rocks may be a useful indicator for distinguishing between mineralized and non‐mineralized granitic rocks. A good positive correlation is seen between the ^TAl content of biotite and the solidification pressure of the granitic rocks estimated by sphalerite and hornblende geobarometers and the mineral assemblages of the surrounding rocks. These facts suggest that the ^TAl content of biotite can be used to estimate the solidification pressure (P) of the granitic rocks. The following empirical equation was obtained: where ^TAl designates the total Al content in biotite on the basis O = 22. According to the obtained biotite geobarometer, it is estimated that Pb‐Zn and Mo deposits were formed at pressures below 1 kb, Cu‐Fe and Sn deposits at 1–2 kb, W deposits at 2–3 kb and non‐mineralized granitic rocks were solidified at pressures above 3 kb.     

湘东茶陵地区老山坳剪切带特征及其与湘东钨矿的关系

湘东茶陵地区老山坳剪切带及其与湘东钨矿的关系是长期以来备受关注且颇具争议的问题。其争议主要表现为:(1)老山坳剪切带(断层)的性质(逆断层、正断层,还是走滑断层)及其发育机理;(2)老山坳剪切带对湘东钨矿的成矿是促进作用还是破坏作用。本文对老山坳剪切带以及湘东钨矿进行了系统地观察和测量,采用宏观、微观构造研究和矿脉统计相结合的方法进行了综合分析。结果表明,老山坳剪切带的活动主要分为两期:早期主要表现为向SE方向的伸展拆离作用,且可能与晚侏罗世八团岩体侵位密切相关,形成了透入性的强烈脆、韧性变形,特别是在糜棱岩中,由于高压流体的作用造成了一系列同期节理(R和R’节理)发育,为石英脉型钨锡矿床的形成提供了条件;后期,大致在晚白垩世及之后老山坳剪切带表现为向NW方向的逆冲作用,致使上盘(主动盘)的钨锡矿脉被推至浅部。因此,我们认为晚侏罗世八团岩体的侵位作用与老山坳剪切带的伸展拆离作用共同控制了湘东钨矿的形成。韧性剪切带中,由于高压流体作用引起局部应变速率增加,同时降低岩石强度而发生脆性破裂(如T节理,R和R’节理),而且按照破裂准则发生和扩展,该过程为成矿元素析出成矿提供了条件,这可能是剪切带成矿的重要方式之一。     

景德镇朱溪钨（铜）矿床花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、 地球化学特征及其与成矿关系探讨

江西省景德镇朱溪钨(铜)多金属矿是近年新发现的一个矽卡岩型矿床,其研究基础薄弱。为了确定与该矿床形成密切相关的花岗斑岩的侵位时代、岩石成因,以及与矿床的内在关系。文章对矿区钻孔中发育的花岗斑岩岩株进行了岩相学、地球化学及锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究。研究的结果表明,花岗斑岩的侵位年龄为150Ma左右;岩石富硅〔SiO2平均为76.57%〕、富碱〔(Na2O+K2O)平均为5.43%〕、A/CNK均大于1.0,属过铝质岩石;富集轻稀土,亏损重稀土,且具有明显的负铕异常(δEu=0.18~0.21);富集Th、U、Rb等大离子亲石元素;亏损Nb、Ti等高场强元素;与(华南)陆壳改造系列花岗岩(S型花岗岩)的地球化学特征相类似;锆石εHf(t)为-16.5~0.6;两阶段Hf模式年龄主要集中在1.58~2.58Ga,也表明朱溪花岗斑岩是由古元古代地壳组分熔融产生,且有少量地幔物质参与。初步探讨了朱溪大规模钨(铜)矿化与花岗斑岩的密切关系,认为花岗斑岩可能为其提供了成矿物质及能量来源。     

Granitic Magmatism in Eastern Tethys Domain (Western China) and their Geodynamic Implications

Western China locates in the eastern section of the Tethys domain, granitic rocks in this region with variable formation ages and geochemistry record key information about the crust-mantle structure and thermal evolution during the convergent process of Tethys. In this study, we focus on some crucial granitic magmatism in the western Yangtze, Qinling orogen, and western Sanjiang tectonic belt, where magma sequence in the convergent orogenic belt can provide important information about the crust-mantle structure, thermal condition and melting regime that related to the evolution processes from Pre- to Neo-Tethys. At first, we show some features of Pre-Tethyan magmatism, such as Neoproterozoic magmatism (ca. 870–740 Ma) in the western margin of the Yangtze Block were induced by the assembly and breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent. The complication of voluminous Neoproterozoic igneous rocks indicated that the western Yangtze Block underwent the thermodynamic evolution from hot mantle-cold crust stage (ca. 870–850 Ma) to hot mantle and crust stage (ca. 850–740 Ma). The Neoproterozoic mantle sources beneath the western Yangtze Block were progressively metasomatized by subduction-related compositions from slab fluids (initial at ca. 870 Ma), sediment melts (initial at ca. 850 Ma), to oceanic slab melts (initial at ca. 825–820 Ma) during the persistent subduction process. Secondly, the early Paleozoic magmatism can be well related to three distinctive stages (variable interaction of mantle-crust to crustal melting to variable sources) from an Andeans-type continental margin to collision to extension in response to the evolution of Proto-Tethys and final assembly of Gondwana continent. Thirdly, the Paleo-Tethys magmatism, Triassic granites in the Qinling orogenic display identical formation ages and Lu-Hf isotopic compositions with the related mafic enclaves, indicate a coeval melting event of lower continental crust and mantle lithosphere in the Triassic convergent process and a continued hot mantle and crust thermal condition through the interaction of subducted continental crust and upwelling asthenosphere. Finally, the Meso- and Neo-Tethyan magmatism: Early Cretaceous magmatism in the Tengchong Block are well responding to the subduction and closure of Bangong-Nujiang Meso-Tethys, recycled sediments metasomatized mantle by subduction since 130 Ma and subsequently upwelling asthenosphere since ca. 122 Ma that causes melting of heterogeneous continental crust until the final convergence, this process well recorded the changing thermal condition from hot mantle-cold crust to hot mantle and crust; The Late Cretaceous to Early Cenozoic magmatism well recorded the processes from Neo-Tethyan ocean slab flat subduction, steep subduction, to initial collision of India-Asia, it resulted in a series of continental arc magmatism with enriched mantle to crustal materials at Late Cretaceous, increasing depleted and/or juvenile materials at the beginning of early Cenozoic, and increasing evolved crustal materials in the final stage, implying a continued hot mantle and crust condition during that time. Then we can better understand the magmatic processes and variable melting from the mantle to crust during the evolution of Tethys, from Pre-, Paleo-, Meso-, to Neo-, both they show notably intensive interaction of crust-mantle and extensive melting of the heterogeneous continent during the final closure of Tethys and convergence of blocks, and thermal perturbation by a dynamic process in the depth could be the first mechanism to control the thermal condition of mantle and crust and associated composition of magmatism.     

陕西南秦岭柞水岩体锆石U——Pb 年龄、岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

锆石U --Pb 定年; 柞水花岗岩; 南秦岭     

华北板块北缘古大洋闭合时间的限定——来自四子王旗西后壕子同碰撞花岗岩的证据

位于华北板块北缘四子王旗北部的西后壕子花岗岩体的CamecaIMS-1280-SIMS锆石U—Pb年龄为266Ma±2Ma。该岩体主要由二长花岗岩组成,以出现大量颗粒较大的白云母为特征,具有较高的SiO2含量（75．21％-76．69％）,A／CNK值多大于1．1,CIPW标准矿物中刚玉的含量也都高于1％。在球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图解上,Eu具有强烈的负异常（δEu=0．03～0．11）,REE呈现出明显的M型四分组效应,部分微量元素也表现出non-CHARAC的性质。在原始地幔标准化微量元素配分图上,元素Ba、Nb、sr和Ti相对亏损,Cs、Rb、Th和Pb相对富集。在构造环境判别图解中,所有样品均落入同碰撞花岗岩区域。结合区域地质背景及以上特征,西后壕子岩体应为强过铝质的高分异S型花岗岩,形成于二叠纪晚期的陆一陆碰撞环境中。270-260Ma期间,四子王旗地区发育EW向的碰撞花岗岩带,限定华北板块与南蒙古微大陆沿索伦缝合带的闭合时间为二叠纪晚期。     

小兴安岭霍吉河钼矿床成岩成矿年代学及其地质意义

霍吉河钼矿是小兴安岭地区于近年发现的大型斑岩型钼矿床。本文在对矿化特征分析的基础上,采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb技术对霍吉河成矿花岗质杂岩测年,获得中细粒花岗闪长岩和斑状花岗岩成岩年龄分别为181.0±1.9 Ma(n=15, MSWD=4.7) 和193.6±1.4 Ma(n=25, MSWD=2.3)。通过辉钼矿Re-Os同位素分析,获得等值线年龄176.3±5.1 Ma(n=5, MSWD=1.3)和加权平均年龄为181.2±1.8 Ma (n=5, MSWD=1.3)。两种方法获得的年龄大致相近,表明成岩与成矿于同一系统形成,成岩大致始于193.6±1.4 Ma,成矿于岩浆期后181.2±1.8 Ma。霍吉河钼矿成岩成矿年龄与乌奴格吐山铜钼矿、兰家沟钼矿和杨家杖子钼矿等矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄相近,表明中国东北地区广泛存在早侏罗世岩浆成矿作用。微量元素和同位素显示,霍吉河花岗闪长岩和斑状花岗岩属A型花岗岩,形成于地壳挤压向拉伸转换的构造环境,成矿物质主要来自岩浆。     

Microstructural and metamorphic evolution of a high‐pressure granitic orthogneiss during continental subduction (Orlica–Śnieżnik dome,Bohemian Massif)

A microstructural and metamorphic study of a naturally deformed medium‐ to high‐pressure granitic orthogneiss (Orlica–?nie?nik dome, Bohemian Massif) provides evidence of behaviour of the felsic crust during progressive burial along a subduction‐type apparent thermal gradient (～10 °C km^?1). The granitic orthogneisses develops three distinct microstructural types, as follows: type I – augen orthogneiss, type II – banded orthogneiss and type III – mylonitic orthogneiss, each representing an evolutionary stage of a progressively deformed granite. Type I orthogneiss is composed of partially recrystallized K‐feldspar porphyroclasts surrounded by wide fronts of myrmekite, fully recrystallized quartz aggregates and interconnected monomineralic layers of recrystallized plagioclase. Compositional layering in the type II orthogneiss is defined by plagioclase‐ and K‐feldspar‐rich layers, both of which show an increasing proportion of interstitial minerals, as well as the deformation of recrystallized myrmekite fronts. Type III orthogneiss shows relicts of quartz and K‐feldspar ribbons preserved in a fine‐grained polymineralic matrix. All three types have the same assemblage (quartz + plagioclase + K‐feldspar + muscovite + biotite + garnet + sphene ± ilmenite), but show systematic variations in the composition of muscovite and garnet from types I to III. This is consistent with the equilibration of the three types at different positions along a prograde P?T path ranging from <15 kbar and <700 °C (type I orthogneiss) to 19–20 kbar and >700 °C (types II and III orthogneisses). The deformation types thus do not represent evolutionary stages of a highly partitioned deformation at constant P?T conditions, but reflect progressive formation during the burial of the continental crust. The microstructures of the type I and type II orthogneisses result from the dislocation creep of quartz and K‐feldspar whereas a grain boundary sliding‐dominated diffusion creep regime is the characteristic of the type III orthogneiss. Strain weakening related to the transition from type I to type II microstructures was enhanced by the recrystallization of wide myrmekite fronts, and plagioclase and quartz, and further weakening and strain localization in type III orthogneiss occurred via grain boundary sliding‐enhanced diffusion creep. The potential role of incipient melting in strain localization is discussed.     

Multiple partial melting events in the Sulu UHP terrane: zircon U–Pb dating of granitic leucosomes within amphibolite and gneiss

Thin layers and lenses of granitic leucosome are widely distributed within amphibolites, paragneisses and orthogneisses of the Sulu UHP terrane. They are parallel to, or cross‐cut, foliations in the host rocks at different scales and show evidence of coalescence and migration to form centimetre‐ to decimetre‐scale segregations. Variously migmatized rocks extend at least 350 km from SW Sulu (Maobei) to NE Sulu (Weihai), in a band at least 50 km wide. A combined study of mineral inclusions, cathoduluminescence (CL) images, U–Pb LA‐ICP‐MS dates, and in‐situ trace element compositions of zircon provide clear evidence on the nature and timing of partial melting in these UHP rocks. Most zircon from the granitic leucosomes occurs as distinct overgrowths around inherited (igneous or metamorphic) cores or as new, euhedral crystals. The overgrowths and new crystals commonly show perfectly euhedral shapes, have pronounced oscillatory zoning and contain felsic mineral inclusions, such as Kfs + Pl + Qtz ± Ilm ± monazite (Mon). In contrast, the inherited igneous or metamorphic cores are rounded or irregular, contain low‐P or UHP mineral inclusions and show clear dissolution textures. These data suggest that the new zircon is anatectic in origin and that it grew during partial melting of the UHP rocks. The REE patterns of the anatectic zircon show steep slopes from the HREE to LREE with strongly to moderately negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.31–0.72) and pronounced positive Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce* = 6.8–26.5). Abundant U–Pb spot analyses of the anatectic zircon reveal two discrete and meaningful ages of partial melting within the Sulu UHP terrane. Anatectic zircon from 12 granitic leucosomes within amphibolites, paragneisses, and orthogneisses from Sulu UHP slices II and III yields consistent mean U–Pb ages of 219.0 ± 1.2 to 218.3 ± 1.6 Ma, 218.8 ± 2.0 to 217.3 ± 1.7 Ma and 218.2 ± 1.4 to 215.0 ± 1.5 Ma, respectively. In contrast, anatectic zircon from six granitic leucosomes within paragneisses and orthogneisses from Sulu UHP slice III records younger mean U–Pb ages of 151.9 ± 1.3 to 151.1 ± 1.8 Ma and 155.9 ± 1.8 to 153.7 ± 1.7 Ma, respectively. These data imply that the Sulu UHP terrane experienced two Mesozoic partial melting events. The first partial melting event (219–215 Ma) was probably associated with a Late Triassic granulite facies stage of ‘hot’ exhumation, whereas the second (156–151 Ma) is interpreted as the result of Middle‐Late Jurassic extension and thinning of the previously thickened crust of the Sulu UHP terrane. Both partial melting events induced extensive retrograde metamorphism of the eclogites and their country rocks.     

粤北热水岩体锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及其地球化学特征研究

热水岩体位于贵东岩体中部南侧,SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年结果为162.8±5.8 Ma(MSWD=4.2),属于燕山早期岩浆活动产物.该岩体具有富硅(SiO2平均为76.32％)、富铝(A/CNK值平均为1.14)、钾大于钠(K2 O/Na2O值平均为1.32)和高的P2O5含量(平均为0.41％);大离子元素富集,...