内蒙古武川西北部早二叠世岩浆活动及其构造意义

内蒙古武川县西北元恒永一带,出露一套早二叠世辉长苏长岩、石英闪长岩、二长花岗岩组成的钙碱性岩系.该套岩石以稀土总量中等、轻稀土富集、无明显的Eu异常等特征显示幔源成因,尽管有不同程度的地壳物质混入,地球化学特征指示岩体形成于板块碰撞前的岛弧环境.岩体中发育弱的片麻理构造,石英闪长岩和二长花岗岩中有较多暗色细粒黑云闪长岩包体,包体的扁平面平行片麻理;包体的应变测量显示侵位过程中岩浆与包体粘度差不大,包体发生了旋转变形,岩浆侵位受区域构造应力控制.石英闪长岩中单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄为(282.3±4.6)Ma,表明其形成时代为早二叠世.岩体的形成可能与古亚洲洋向华北板块俯冲有关,显示出华北板块北缘的安第斯型大陆岛弧背景.     

四川冕西岩体岩石地球化学特征及铀成矿条件分析

冕西花岗岩体位于康滇地轴北段,区内已发现铀矿点3个、铀矿化点4个以及大量铀异常(带)。收集整理了该岩体以往地质资料,开展了岩石地球化学分析及电子探针测试等工作,对其铀成矿条件进行了综合分析。结果表明: 冕西岩体SiO₂含量偏高,一般为73%~78%,平均达75.09%,碱度高,K₂O+Na₂O平均含量大于8%,是在伸展构造环境下形成的A型花岗岩,为多期多阶段形成的复式花岗岩体,岩浆分异演化程度较高,岩体内断裂构造发育,并广泛发育以煌斑岩脉为代表的基性岩脉。区内存在煌斑岩脉型、碱交代型和碎裂蚀变岩型3种铀矿化类型,铀矿化受断裂构造、煌斑岩脉及热液蚀变的控制,并提出岩体北段具有较好的铀成矿条件,可作为下一步铀矿勘查的重点地段。     

苏鲁地体南缘超高压变质带朐山二云花岗片麻岩的地球化学特征及其构造意义

二云花岗片麻岩是组成苏鲁地体南缘超高压变质带朐山杂岩体的重要岩石类型,虽然经历了超高压变质作用,但仍保留了花岗岩的岩石学特征。常量元素和微量元素分析结果表明该片麻岩具有高w(K₂O)、低w(CaO)、高w(TFeO)/w(MgO)比值、铝饱和指数偏高的A型花岗岩的特征,岩石类型为高钾碱性过铝质A型花岗岩。稀土元素中轻稀土富集、分馏程度高、Eu强烈亏损,微量元素中Ba、P、Ti、Sc具有明显的负异常,w(Sr)/ w(Y)、w(La)/ w(Yb)和w(Rb)/ w(Sr)、w(Rb)/ w(Ba)较高,尤其是w(TiO₂)＜0.2％和w(Y)/ w(Nb)＞1.2的特征,以及在w(Rb)-w(Yb+Ta）和w(Rb)-w(Y+Nb）判别图解上样品投点位于板内环境区等,表明该片麻岩的原岩形成于板内与裂谷有关的非造山环境。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年结果揭示其侵位时代为新元古代中晚期((722±32）Ma）,与杂岩体中早期侵位的二长花岗片麻岩及杂岩体上覆地层中的变质火山岩同为Rodinia大陆裂解、扬子地块陆内裂谷形成过程中伴随的岩浆活动的产物。     

Patterns of damage in igneous and sedimentary rocks under conditions simulating sea‐salt weathering

A saline‐spray artificial ageing test was used to simulate the effects produced in granites and sedimentary rocks (calcarenites, micrites and breccia) under conditions in coastal environments. Three main points were addressed in this study: the durability of the different kinds of rock to salt decay, the resulting weathering forms and the rock properties involved in the weathering processes. For this, mineralogical and textural characterization of each of the different rocks was carried out before and after the test. The soluble salt content at different depths from the exposed surfaces was also determined. Two different weathering mechanisms were observed in the granite and calcareous rocks. Physical processes were involved in the weathering of granite samples, whereas dissolution of calcite was also involved in the deterioration of the calcareous rocks. We also showed that microstructural characteristics (e.g. pore size distribution), play a key role in salt damage, because of their influence on saline solution transport and on the pressures developed within rocks during crystallization. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Paleoproterozoic granitic gneisses of the Dinggye and LhagoiKangri areas from the higher and northern Himalaya, Tibet: Geochronology and implications

Granitic gneisses have been widely found in crystalline rocks in the Dinggye area of the Higher Himalaya (HHM) and the LhagoiKangri area of the North Himalaya (NHM), Tibet. In the HHM, the gneisses intruded in the granulite-amphibolite facies metamorphosed sedimentary rocks, known as Nyalam group. In the NHM, the gneisses intruded in the amphibolite facies metamorphosed ones, known as LhagoiKangri group. These granitic gneisses are peraluminous monzonitic granites in terms of their mineral assemblage, and are considered as being derived from metamorphosed sedimentary rocks by anatexis based on the transitional relationship of the gneisses with their migmatitized wall rocks. Zircons are similar in crystal shape and interior structure from both gneisses. Most of them are euhedral or subhedral elongated prism-shaped transparent crystals, with fine oscillatory zoning, showing the magmatic genesis. Some of them are short prism-shaped and with relict core inherited from magma source and oscillatory zoning mantle crystallized from magma. SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zicons shows that both the granitic gneisses in the HHM and NHM are Paleoproterozoic (1811.6±2.9 Ma and 1811.7±7.2 Ma, respectively). These ages are similar to those (1815 to 2120 Ma) from granitic gneiss which is widely distributed in the Lesser Himalaya (LHM). The ages of inherited zircons (>2493.9±7.0 Ma, 2095.8± 8.8 Ma, 1874±29 Ma) exhibit the possible presence of several thermal events in Paleoproterozoic. All of the ages suggest the same India basement beneath the different units in Himalaya area, and do not support the idea that the HHM and NHM are accretionary terranes in Pan-Africa orogenic event. The fact that the basement in HHM is as old as or even younger than LHM is inconsistent with the presently prevalent orogenic models such as either extrusion of low-viscosity mid-crust or orogenic channel.     

幕阜山西南缘黄柏山稀有金属伟晶岩密集区的发现及意义

幕阜山地区是中国重要的稀有金属矿集区。中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所与湖南省核工业地质局三一一大队在总结区域稀有金属成矿规律的基础上,于2019年度在幕阜山西南缘黄柏山地区新发现稀有金属伟晶岩密集区一处。区内伟晶岩呈现出良好的铌钽锂成矿性,易于开采、分选及运输,具有较高的经济价值。区域伟晶岩具较高的岩浆分异演化程度,且呈现出较为清晰的稀有金属矿化分带,具有良好的成矿潜力。     

贵东岩体铀成矿交代作用特性研究

贵东岩体是一个铀成矿分区明显的岩体，东部产有花岗岩型铀矿床，西部则无铀矿化。区分铀成矿场和非成矿场的识别标志是一项既有实际价值又有理论意义的课题。本文基于大量的野外观测、室内鉴定资料和定量分析数据，研究了贵东岩体铀成矿区交代作用的种类、方式和演化，特别是其强度和能力，进而总结了该岩体铀成矿场蚀变交代作用的特性：交代作用发生的滞后性、交代方式的多样性、交代作用在空间分布上的叠置性、交代作用演化的规律性和交代作用的彻底性；指出贵东岩体交代作用与铀成矿作用有着密切的关系。交代作用特性和标志对寻找铀矿化具有重要意义。     

Estimate of influence of U-Th-K radiogenic heat on cooling process of granitic melt and its geological implications

The U-Th-~(40)K concentrations of granite are on 1―2 orders of magnitude greater than those of basal- tic-ultrabasic rocks. Radiogenic heat of a granitic melt has significant influence on the cool- ing-crystallization period of the melt. In this paper we derived a formula to calculate prolongation period (tA) of cooling-crystallization of a granitic melt caused by radiogenic heat. Calculation using this for- mula and radioactive element concentrations (U=5.31×10-6; Th=23.1×10-6; K=4.55%) for the biotite adamellite of the Jinjiling batholith shows that the tA of the adamellite is 1.4 times of the cooling period of the granitic melt without considering radiogenic heat from the initial temperature (Tm=960℃) to crystallization temperature (Tc=600℃) of the melt. It has been demonstrated that the radiogenic heat produced in a granitic melt is a key factor influencing the cooling-crystallization process of the granitic melt, and is likely one of the reasons for inconsistence between emplacement ages and crystallization ages of many Meso-Cenozoic granitoids.     

Long-term thermal consequences of the redistribution of heat-producing elements associated with large-scale granitic complexes

Crustal thermal regimes are sensitive to both the amount and distribution of heat producing elements (HPEs). Since a significant proportion of the crustal complement of HPEs is contained within granites, granite generation and emplacement should lead to significant long‐term changes in the thermal structure of the crust. Using HPE concentrations appropriate to representative Australian Proterozoic granites we show that granite segregation leads to changes in the temperature field of the crust of up to c. 50 °C, producing long‐term cooling in the source regions and heating at emplacement levels, relative to the pre‐granite conductive thermal regime. Because of the intimate connection between thermal regime and lithospheric strength, granite‐assisted redistribution of HPEs is likely to be fundamental to cratonisation.     

景德镇朱溪钨（铜）矿床花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、 地球化学特征及其与成矿关系探讨

江西省景德镇朱溪钨(铜)多金属矿是近年新发现的一个矽卡岩型矿床,其研究基础薄弱。为了确定与该矿床形成密切相关的花岗斑岩的侵位时代、岩石成因,以及与矿床的内在关系。文章对矿区钻孔中发育的花岗斑岩岩株进行了岩相学、地球化学及锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究。研究的结果表明,花岗斑岩的侵位年龄为150Ma左右;岩石富硅〔SiO2平均为76.57%〕、富碱〔(Na2O+K2O)平均为5.43%〕、A/CNK均大于1.0,属过铝质岩石;富集轻稀土,亏损重稀土,且具有明显的负铕异常(δEu=0.18~0.21);富集Th、U、Rb等大离子亲石元素;亏损Nb、Ti等高场强元素;与(华南)陆壳改造系列花岗岩(S型花岗岩)的地球化学特征相类似;锆石εHf(t)为-16.5~0.6;两阶段Hf模式年龄主要集中在1.58~2.58Ga,也表明朱溪花岗斑岩是由古元古代地壳组分熔融产生,且有少量地幔物质参与。初步探讨了朱溪大规模钨(铜)矿化与花岗斑岩的密切关系,认为花岗斑岩可能为其提供了成矿物质及能量来源。