山西省五台山—恒山地区脉状金矿成矿的地球动力学

０　前　言（代序）该文集命名为“成矿的地球动力学”,表明它只是矿床学中一项较基础性的研究;把脉状金矿作为研究对象,则应属于金矿区域成矿学的范畴。展望２１世纪,资源、环境乃是人类生存与发展之本,因此矿床学所肩负的使命必将更加艰巨。虽然人类利用矿产资源已有数千年的历史,但作为地质科学的重要组成部分—矿床学到１６世纪中叶才萌芽,１９世纪才形成具有较完整理论的学科。如果说矿床学的基本任务是确定这种或那种矿床在地壳中的生成条件和分布规律,矿床的形成又非孤立和偶然的事件,它是一定地质构造背景和地质历史条件下…     

天堂山花岗质岩石条带状构造的成因与演化

天堂山地区花岗质岩石中条带状构造异常发育,据成因可分为分异条带状构造和构造置换———复合条带状构造两种类型。它们的形成与岩石变形变质作用有密切关系,形成和演化过程可分为３个阶段：递进变形变质阶段;重熔活化阶段;构造置换改造阶段。分异条带状构造是岩石在递进变形变质作用过程中具不同熔点的矿物发生分离和分异形成的;构造置换———复合条带状构造是重熔活化阶段形成的长英质脉体和先期分异条带一起又受到强烈的构造置换改造,发生平行化而成。     

REE Geochemistry of Some Metamorphic Rock Types of the Late Archean Fuping Group and Their Anatectic Derivatives in Pingshan,Hebei Province,China—A Preliminary Study

The Late Archean Fuping Group of the Xiaojiao area in Pingshan Couty,Hebei Province consists mainly of three metamorphic rock types of supracrustal affinity,i.e.,Kfeldspar leucoleptite,biotite leptite-gneiss and hornblendic rocks.Their anatectic derivatives formed in the initial stage of anatexis are petrochemically of K-feldspar granitic trondhjemitic and granodioritic compositions respectively,and in general have inherted the main petrochemical featurews from their parent rock types,Probably due to the fact that they contain less REE rich accessory minerals as compared with their parent rocks,the anatectic derivatives are in general lower in EREE content,But both the derivatives and their parent rocks have similar REE patterns,which serves as an additional indication of the genetic relationship between them.     

南沙微地块花岗质岩石LA ICP MS锆石U Pb定年及其地质意义

南沙微地块一直被作为华南大陆的一部分,但缺乏基底岩石学证据的支持。本文首次报道了南沙微地块花岗质岩石岩浆锆石年龄。测年方法为激光剥蚀等离子体质谱（LAICPMS）测年技术。在站位S0818获得2个斜长花岗岩样品年龄: 分别为159.1±1.6 Ma和157.8±1.0 Ma,在站位S0832获得两个二长花岗岩样品年龄: 分别为153.6±0.3 Ma和127.2±0.2 Ma, 表明它们为燕山期晚侏罗世—早白垩世岩浆事件的产物。其中153～159 Ma年龄值可与南岭燕山期花岗岩年龄比较,而127 Ma年龄值可与浙闽沿海燕山期花岗岩年龄对比。一个样品中存在一个年龄为656.7 Ma的残余锆石核,结合中西沙发现的前寒武纪基底岩石资料,表明南海内散落的微地块可能广泛存在前寒武纪结晶基底,本区中生代花岗岩为古老陆壳重熔形成的。这一新的资料,对研究燕山期岩浆作用在中国南部的影响范围、南海微陆块前寒武纪地质及微陆块的裂离动力学都具有重要意义。     

Nb–Ta–(Ti–Sn) oxide mineral chemistry as tracer of rare-element granitic pegmatite fractionation in the Borborema Province,Northeastern Brazil

The Borborema Pegmatitic Province (BPP), northeastern Brazil, is historically important for tantalum mining and also famous for top-quality specimens of exotic Nb–Ta oxides and, more recently, for the production of gem quality, turquoise blue, ‘Paraíba Elbaite.’ With more than 750 registered mineralized rare-element granitic pegmatites, the BPP extends over an area of about 75 by 150 km in the eastern part of the Neoproterozoic Seridó Belt. The Late Cambrian pegmatites are mostly hosted by a sequence of Neoproterozoic cordierite–sillimanite biotite schists of the Seridó Formation and quartzites and metaconglomerates of the Equador Formation. The trace-element ratios in feldspar and micas allow to classify most pegmatites as belonging to the beryl–columbite phosphate subtype. Electron microprobe analyses (EMPA) of columbite, tapiolite, niobian–tantalian rutile, ixiolite and wodginite group minerals from 28 pegmatites in the BPP are used to evaluate the effectiveness of Nb–Ta oxide chemistry as a possible exploration tool, to trace the degree of pegmatite fractionation and to classify the pegmatites. The columbite group mineral composition allows to establish a compositional trend from manganoan ferrocolumbite to manganocolumbite and on to manganotantalite. This trend is typical of complex spodumene- and/or lepidolite-subtype pegmatites. It clearly contrasts with another trend, from ferrocolumbite through ferrotantalite to ferrowodginite and ferrotapiolite compositions, typical of pegmatites of the beryl–columbite phosphate subtype. Large scatter and anomalous trends in zoned crystals partially overlap and conceal the two main evolution patterns. This indicates that a large representative data set of heavy mineral concentrate samples, collected systematically along cross-sections, would be necessary to predict the metallogenetic potential of individual pegmatites. Other mineral species, e.g. garnets and/or tourmaline, with a more regular distribution than Nb–Ta oxides, would be more appropriate and less expensive for routine exploration purposes. The currently available Nb–Ta oxide chemistry data suggest the potential for highly fractionated Ta–Li–Cs pegmatites in the BPP, so far undiscovered, and encourages further, more detailed research.     

内蒙古阿拉善地区沙拉扎山花岗岩体TIMS锆石U-Pb年龄

内蒙古阿拉善地区的沙拉扎山处于华北板块、塔里木板块和天山-兴蒙造山带接触部位,恩格尔乌苏蛇绿岩带与查干础鲁蛇绿岩带之间。沙拉扎山内出露一套巨大花岗质岩基,为了认识其岩浆活动期次,对沙拉扎山岩体不同部位花岗质岩石样品进行了TIMS锆石U-Pb测年。结果表明,沙拉套尔汗花岗闪长岩年龄为233.1±5.8Ma,乌力吉花岗岩2个样品年龄分别为228.1±0.4Ma和207.7±0.8Ma。对比分析前人对该区岩体年龄的研究成果,认为沙拉扎山出露的花岗岩由早二叠世晚期(273~274Ma)、早三叠世(248~252Ma)、晚三叠世早期(228~236Ma)和晚三叠世末期(207Ma)4期岩浆活动叠加而成,同时发育在沙拉扎山的4期岩浆活动在巴音—诺尔公地区也有相应的岩浆记录。     

江西九岭花岗岩类复式岩基锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年代学

江西九岭花岗岩体产于扬子地块东南缘, 是我国华南的一个规模巨大的复式花岗岩基.该岩体一直被认为是在晋宁期、海西期和燕山期多期次岩浆侵入活动的产物.在对该复式岩基进行详细野外调查的基础上, 开展了锆石SHRIMPUPb年龄测定, 过去认为是晋宁期形成的花岗岩样品, 测出的206Pb/238U年龄为(9828±8) Ma; 而原来认为是海西期形成的甘坊岩体测出的年龄为(820±10) Ma, 说明该区不存在海西期的花岗岩, 结合其他新的年代学资料推测扬子板块内可能不存在加里东—海西期的岩体; 原认为是燕山中期的样品测出的年龄为(151.4±2.4) Ma, 研究结果与原来的一致.此外, 还获得了1.4~1.9 Ga的继承锆石的年龄, 可能代表九岭新元古代花岗岩源岩的年龄.      

苏鲁地体南缘超高压变质带朐山二云花岗片麻岩的地球化学特征及其构造意义

二云花岗片麻岩是组成苏鲁地体南缘超高压变质带朐山杂岩体的重要岩石类型,虽然经历了超高压变质作用,但仍保留了花岗岩的岩石学特征。常量元素和微量元素分析结果表明该片麻岩具有高w(K₂O)、低w(CaO)、高w(TFeO)/w(MgO)比值、铝饱和指数偏高的A型花岗岩的特征,岩石类型为高钾碱性过铝质A型花岗岩。稀土元素中轻稀土富集、分馏程度高、Eu强烈亏损,微量元素中Ba、P、Ti、Sc具有明显的负异常,w(Sr)/ w(Y)、w(La)/ w(Yb)和w(Rb)/ w(Sr)、w(Rb)/ w(Ba)较高,尤其是w(TiO₂)＜0.2％和w(Y)/ w(Nb)＞1.2的特征,以及在w(Rb)-w(Yb+Ta）和w(Rb)-w(Y+Nb）判别图解上样品投点位于板内环境区等,表明该片麻岩的原岩形成于板内与裂谷有关的非造山环境。锆石SHRIMP U-Pb测年结果揭示其侵位时代为新元古代中晚期((722±32）Ma）,与杂岩体中早期侵位的二长花岗片麻岩及杂岩体上覆地层中的变质火山岩同为Rodinia大陆裂解、扬子地块陆内裂谷形成过程中伴随的岩浆活动的产物。     

Petrogenesis and evolution of late Mesozoic granitic magmatism in the Hohhot metamorphic core complex,Daqing Shan,North China

Late Mesozoic granitoid plutons of four distinct ages intrude the lower plate of the Hohhot metamorphic core complex along the northern margin of the North China craton. The plutons belong to two main groups: (1) Group I, deformed granitoids (148 and 140 Ma subgroups) with high Sr, LREE, and Na₂O, low Y and Yb contents, high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios, weak or no Eu anomalies, low Rb/Ba ratios, similar initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values (0.7064–0.7071) and low Mg^# (<37 mostly, 100?×?molar MgO/MgO + FeO _t ); (2) Group II, non-deformed granitoids (132 and 114 Ma subgroups) with low Sr, relatively low Na₂O, high Y and Yb contents, pronounced negative Eu anomalies, high Rb/Ba ratios, and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values (0.7098–0.7161). The two groups share geochemical similarities in ?_Nd(t) (–11.3 to –15.4) and T _DM2 ages (1.85–2.18 thousand million years) as well as Hf isotopic ratios in zircons. Geochemical modelling (using the MELTS code) suggests that similar sources but different depths of magma generation produced the early, high-pressure low-Mg adakitic granitoids and late, low-pressure granitoids with A-type characteristics. The early granitoids likely represent a partially melted, deep-seated, thickened lower continental crust that involved a minor contribution from young materials, whereas the later group partially melted at shallower depths. This granitic magmatic evolution coincided with the tectonic transition from crustal contraction to extension.     

Petrogenesis and Solidification Depth of the Jurassic Daebo and Cretaceous Bulguksa Granitic Rocks in South Korea

We investigated the Jurassic Daebo and Cretaceous Bulguksa granitic rocks in South Korea. The former are distributed mainly in the Gyeonggi and Yeongnam massifs and the latter are present in the Gyeongsan basin and Ogcheon belt. The Daebo granitic rocks generally are of ilmenite series and I to S type. These rocks are associated with Au–Ag hydrothermal deposits, whereas the Bulguksa granitic rocks are of magnetite series and I type, and are associated with Pb–Zn, Cu and Mo–W hydrothermal deposits, as well as Au–Ag hydrothermal deposits. The Daebo granitic rocks show adakitic signatures in their chemical compositions. They are considered to have been derived from partial melting of the thick lower continental crust. Conversely, the Bulguksa granitic rocks in the Gyeongsan basin are non‐adakitic and are considered to have been derived from partial melting of a mantle wedge. Magmas of the Daebo granitic rocks formed at relatively shallow levels, but solidified at deep levels compared with those of the Bulguksa granitic rocks. The Bulguksa granitic rocks in the central to western Ogcheon belt are considered to have been formed by fractionation of magmas derived from partial melting of continental crust. The total Al contents of biotite and hornblende in the granitic rocks increased, with the Bulguksa granitic rocks in the Gyeongsan basin < the Bulguksa granitic rocks in the Ogcheon belt and Gyeonggi and Yeongnam massifs and the Daebo granitic rocks in the Ogcheon belt < the Daebo granitic rocks in the Gyeonggi and Yeongnam massifs. This order corresponds to an increase in solidification depth.