花岗质岩石地球化学分类的计算机自动实现

以Forst等(2001)花岗质岩石化学分类方法为依据，得出了花岗岩质岩石地球化学分类的16种分类数据模型，在此基础上用VB编写了一个分类程序，利用计算机来进行准确高效分类，并对程序的设计思想及功能进行了阐述。     

大别山东部花岗片麻岩的锆石U-Pb年龄

花岗片麻岩是大别山区除超高压变质杂岩外的另一种重要岩石类型,本文测得南大别二长花岗片麻岩中单颗粒锆石U-Pb不一致线的上交点年龄为789±43 Ma.位于五河一水吼韧性剪切带南缘的糜棱岩化二长花岗片麻岩中锆石的²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb表面年龄接近一致年龄,为715～777 Ma,平均757 Ma,U-Pb不一致线的上交点年龄为815±70 Ma,下交点年龄为482±167 Ma.北大别石英二长片麻岩中锆石²⁰⁷Pb/206表面年龄的变化范围较广,介于594～700 Ma,平均为649 Ma,U-Pb不一致线的上、下交点年龄分别为814±97 Ma和477±77 Ma.这说明这些正片麻岩的侵位时间范围大致为750～850 Ma的晚元古代;南、北大别正片麻岩中的锆石年代学显示它们可能具有相似的形成与演化历史;约480 Ma前后的加里东运动对大别山地区可能也有影响.     

CONTROLS ON SURFACE WATER CHEMISTRY IN THE UPPER MERCED RIVER BASIN,YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK,CALIFORNIA

Surface water draining granitic bedrock in Yosemite National Park exhibits considerable variability in chemical composition, despite the relative homogeneity of bedrock chemistry. Other geological factors, including the jointing and distribution of glacial till, appear to exert strong controls on water composition. Chemical data from three surface water surveys in the upper Merced River basin conducted in August 1981, June 1988 and August 1991 were analysed and compared with mapped geological, hydrological and topographic features to identify the solute sources and processes that control water chemistry within the basin during baseflow. Water at most of the sampling sites was dilute, with alkalinities ranging from 26 to 77 μequiv. l⁻¹. Alkalinity was much higher in two subcatchments, however, ranging from 51 to 302 μequiv. l⁻¹. Base cations and silica were also significantly higher in these two catchments than in the rest of the watershed. Concentrations of weathering products in surface water were correlated to the fraction of each subcatchment underlain by surficial material, which is mostly glacial till. Silicate mineral weathering is the dominant control on concentrations of alkalinity, silica and base cations, and ratios of these constituents in surface water reflect the composition of local bedrock. Chloride concentrations in surface water samples varied widely, ranging from <1 to 96 μequiv. l⁻¹. The annual volume-weighted mean chloride concentration in the Merced River at the Happy Isles gauge from 1968 to 1990 was 26 μequiv. l⁻¹, which was five times higher than in atmospheric deposition (4–5 μequiv. l⁻¹), suggesting that a source of chloride exists within the watershed. Saline groundwater springs, whose locations are probably controlled by vertical jointing in the bedrock, are the most likely source of the chloride. Sulphate concentrations varied much less than most other solutes, ranging from 3 to 14 μequiv. l⁻¹. Concentrations of sulphate in quarterly samples collected at the watershed outlet also showed relatively little variation, suggesting that sulphate may be regulated to some extent by a within-watershed process, such as sulphate adsorption.     

山东省稀有金属矿产地质特征及成矿规律研究

稀有金属是国家重要的战略性资源,近年来受到国家高度重视。山东省是稀有金属的聚集地,省内稀有矿产可分为滨海沉积型、花岗伟晶岩型和滨海潟湖沉积型3种类型,主要分布在山东荣成市、新泰市、枣庄市等地。该文详细论述了各类矿床的矿床地质特征、矿物、岩石学特征及资源储量,并总结了各类矿床的成因及成矿规律。提出了下一步工作意见,为山东省稀有矿产的找矿工作提供指导。     

Aqueous alteration mapping in Rishabdev ultramafic complex using imaging spectroscopy

Hyperspectral remote sensing/imaging spectroscopy has enabled precise identification and mapping of hydrothermal alteration mineral assemblages based on diagnostic absorption features of minerals. In the present study, we use Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) datasets acquired over Rishabdev ultramafic suite to derive surficial mineral map using least square based spectral shape matching in wavelength range of diagnostic absorption features of minerals. Resulting mineral map revealed presence of hydrothermally altered serpentine group of minerals and associated alteration products (talc and dolomite) along with clays and phyllosilicates. Mineral maps are validated using field spectral measurements and published geological map. Involvement of low temperature (<350 °C) hydrothermal fluid in serpentinization of ultramafic rocks in the region is inferred from analysis of deepest absorption features of muscovites at 2.20 μm, spectral abundance of lizardite and absence of prenhite-pumpyllite facies mineral assemblages. Talc was found to be the most common alteration product of serpentines followed by dolomites. Intense alteration of serpentines to talc along the fracture zone is attributed to the circulation of carbon dioxide rich hydrothermal fluids along these conduits. Kaolinite and halloysite are primarily associated with granites and are the result of hydrothermal alteration of plagioclase feldspar in granites while muscovite and illites are generally associated with phyllites and quartzites . The study demonstrates the potential of imaging spectroscopy for mapping hydrothermal alteration mineral assemblages in ultramafic complex.     

花岗伟晶岩分异演化与含矿性评价——从造岩矿物组构视角

高演化稀有金属伟晶岩的成矿过程是复杂和苛刻的,涉及到岩浆- 热液过程热历史、岩浆迁移路径与成矿空间、侵位环境的过冷程度以及岩浆组分中稀有金属元素的初始富集等条件。而伟晶岩的分带特征是其形成过程的一种综合体现,不论是伟晶岩区域分带还是伟晶岩内部结构分带,都反映了伟晶岩岩浆结晶分异过程中岩浆的性质与形成环境,而这同时也赋予了造岩矿物在组构上的特殊性,形成遗传代码,对其进行解密,从而能够用于示踪与评估花岗伟晶岩的演化程度与成矿潜力。对于区域伟晶岩群的成矿潜力评估,由于含矿熔体在组分上的跨度较大,随着远离母体花岗岩体距离的增大,伟晶岩群演化程度增加,熔体中铁镁质组分以及Ca、Ba、Sr等碱土金属含量迅速降低,而挥发分、助熔剂组分、碱金属含量在残余熔体中逐渐增加,长石、云母与石英在类别和组构上产生显著变化;其中长石向钾- 钠端元演化,且钠长石相对钾长石占据主导地位,云母由黑云母向白云母以及锂白云母转变,石英阴极发光特征与晶体结构及微量元素成分也表现出规律性的变化。受矿物晶格的限制,长石的K/Rb、K/Cs以及云母的K/Rb、K/Cs、Nb/Ta等比值特征能有效区分不同矿化潜力的伟晶岩群。石英的阴极发光特征能够揭示其生长环境与历史,石英的Li、Al、Ti、Ge等微量元素组成可以用来区分不同类型的伟晶岩矿床,并提供关于岩浆演化和成矿过程的重要线索。伟晶岩内部分带的形成主要受成矿熔体规模、过冷度以及成矿空间的封闭性等因素的控制,但在初始熔体成分上可以具有较大的变化。其中强分带型稀有金属伟晶岩记录了完整的岩浆- 热液演化过程,不同阶段石英、长石和云母在晶体形态、微观结构以及微量元素组成上都具有显著变化。弱分带型稀有金属伟晶岩(钠长石- 锂辉石伟晶岩)的造岩矿物组分在伟晶岩内部变化不大,其受构造控制明显,在空间上与贫矿伟晶岩之间可具有较大的矿物组成差异,表明二者之间存在流动分异过程。而长距离(以更厚的地壳或大型拆离断层为标志)的熔体迁移正是形成超大型伟晶岩稀有金属矿床的有利要素。     

论浙江东部早白垩世中期断陷事件和断陷岩套

早白垩世中期中国东南部发生过一次断陷事件,并形成一事件地层单元——断陷岩套。叙述了断陷岩套的形成机理、特征和类型,并利用事件地层单元同时性原理,论证了建组剖面"塘上组"的层位与永康群下部馆头组相同,而非高居永康群之上的"新构造亚层";也论证了嵊县三界一带的所谓"大爽组二段"应为馆头组。这两个断陷岩套中所含生物群证实:事件地层学原理所得的关于其层位与时代的结论是正确的。     

内蒙古朝阳沟岩体控矿作用及找矿远景

朝阳沟岩体属含锡花岗岩体,文章以岩体中宝盖沟锡矿为典型矿床,从矿物成分、微量元素、稀土元素和成岩成矿时代等方面,论述了岩体的控矿作用及其找矿远景.     

山东石岛花岗岩复合岩体的侵位深度与苏鲁超高压变质岩的快速折返机制及动力学效应

山东石岛正长岩-花岗岩复合岩体形成于225～205Ma之间,侵入到苏鲁超高压岩石中.通过铝在角闪石的压力计,确定了年龄约为225～215Ma的甲子山岩体的侵位深度,约为15km.结合前人对石岛花岗岩复合岩体的地质年代学和地球化学及本研究结果,表明:(1)石岛正长岩在225～215Ma期间快速侵位小于15km的深度,同时快速冷却结晶;(2)在215Ma或早些时候,苏鲁最东端的超高压岩石已位于小于15km的深度;(3)苏鲁超高压岩石以大于5mm/yr的速率快速折返.俯冲板片前锋的断离所导致的深部动力学效应可能是苏鲁超高压岩石快速折返的主要驱动力.这种深部动力学过程导致软流圈地幔的快速上涌,诱发岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,形成钾质岩浆,可能是华北克拉通在中生代发生大规模伸展作用及减薄的初始驱动力.     

Phosphorus in granitic rocks of Colombia

One hundred and three samples of granitic rock taken systematically from the Andean part of Colombia reveal that the observed variation in phosphorus content reflects the variation observed for the wholerock chemical composition. This relationship was established using a form of trend analysis termed COMTRENA and information-theory statistics.