Supra-subduction zone magmatism of the Neyriz ophiolite,Iran: constraints from geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes

The Neyriz ophiolite along the northeast flank of the Zagros fold-thrust belt in southern Iran is an excellent example of a Late Cretaceous supra-subduction zone (SSZ)-related ophiolite on the north side of the Neotethys. The ophiolite comprises a mantle sequence including lherzolite, harzburgite, diabasic dikes, and cumulate to mylonitic gabbro lenses, and a crustal sequence comprising a sheeted dike complex and pillow lavas associated with pelagic limestone and radiolarite. Mantle harzburgites contain less CaO and Al₂O₃, are depleted in rare earth elements, and contain spinels that are more Cr-rich than lherzolites. Mineral compositions of peridotites are similar to those of both abyssal and SSZ- peridotites. Neyriz gabbroic rocks show boninitic (SSZ-related) affinities, while crustal rocks are similar to early arc tholeiites. Mineral compositions of gabbroic rocks resemble those of SSZ-related cumulates such as high forsterite olivine, anorthite-rich plagioclase, and high-Mg# clinopyroxene. Initial εNd(t) values range from +7.9 to +9.3 for the Neyriz magmatic rocks. Samples with radiogenic Nd overlap with least radiogenic mid-ocean ridge basalts and with Semail and other Late Cretaceous Tethyan ophiolitic rocks. Initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ranges from 0.7033 to 0.7044, suggesting modification due to seafloor alteration. Most Neyriz magmatic rocks are characterized by less radiogenic ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb (near the northern hemisphere reference line), suggesting less involvement of sediments in their mantle source. Our results for Neyriz ophiolite and the similarity to other Iranian Zagros ophiolites support a subduction initiation setting for its generation.     

Zircon ages and geochemical data of the Biluutiin ovoo ophiolite: implication for the tectonic evolution of South Mongolia

The early Palaeozoic tectonic evolution of South Mongolia is not well constrained due to the limited exposure of early Palaeozoic rocks in the area and the scarcity of both geochemical and geochronological data. In order to help rectify this situation, we have conducted detailed studies on the Biluutiin ovoo ophiolite in South Mongolia to provide constraints on the tectonic evolution of the region during this period. The Biluutiin ovoo ophiolite consists of ultramafic rocks, mylonitic gabbro, basalt, tuff sandstone, plagiogranite, calcite, and chert. Gabbro and plagiogranite samples from the ophiolitic complex yielded SHRIMP zircon ages of 525 ± 5 Ma and 503 ± 6 Ma, respectively. Biluutiin ovoo ophiolitic basalts display LREE and LILE enrichment and strong HFSE depletion, indicating that the ophiolite is supra-subduction zone (SSZ) type. Plagiogranite with adakite-like geochemical compositions suggests that palaeo-ocean subduction occurred in South Mongolia during Cambrian time. Intruding granite yielded a SHRIMP zircon age of 353 ± 2 Ma, indicating that the ophiolite was emplaced before early Carboniferous time. Identification of the Cambrian ophiolitic complex and the occurrence of Cambrian adakites indicate that southern Mongolia underwent a period of active volcanism during the Cambrian. The Cambrian formations are likely correlated to the early Palaeozoic subduction-accretion belt of Western Mongolia.     

南公珠错地幔橄榄岩:雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段一个典型的大洋地幔橄榄岩

西藏阿里地区的南公珠错蛇绿岩产在公珠错的南侧,空间上属于雅鲁藏布江缝合带西段之南亚带蛇绿岩。该蛇绿岩主要由地幔橄榄岩和辉长岩等基性岩类组成。地幔橄榄岩中约80%为方辉橄榄岩,20%为二辉橄榄岩,纯橄岩较少。南公珠错地幔橄榄岩矿物化学特征表现为橄榄石具有较低的Fo(89.3~91.4)值、辉石具有较高的Al_2O_3含量(1.89%~6.06%)、尖晶石具有较低的Cr~#(12.7~28.3)值。与原始地幔相比南公珠错地幔橄榄岩的全岩地球化学特征具有较高的MgO含量和较低的Al_2O_3、CaO和TiO_2等易熔元素含量;方辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩的稀土元素总含量分别介于0.66×10-6~1.10×10-6和0.90×10~(-6)~3.78×10~(-6)之间,明显低于原始地幔值,其稀土元素配分模式为轻稀土元素轻微富集型;在原始地幔标准化微量元素蜘蛛图中,南公珠错地幔橄榄岩显示出强烈的U正异常、Nd轻微正异常和强不相容元素Zr的负异常;方辉橄榄岩和二辉橄榄岩的铂族元素总量分别介于15.26×10~(-9)~25.23×10~(-9)和18.74×10~(-9)~26.86×10~(-9)之间,二者含量的变化较小,南公珠错地幔橄榄岩PGEs球粒陨石标准化图解显示其为接近于原始地幔的"平坦型"。南公珠错地幔橄榄岩的矿物化学和全岩地球化学特征与深海橄榄岩相似,指示它们可能形成于大洋扩张脊环境。定量模拟估算表明,南公珠错地幔橄榄岩可能来源于地幔中的尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩源区,系经历了至多16%部分熔融的残余。LREE的微富集和较高的Pd/Ir、Rh/Ir比值指示它们还经历了岩石-熔体反应作用。初步结论认为南公珠错地幔橄榄岩形成于大洋脊环境,为尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩地幔源区较低程度部分熔融的残余,但经历了后期岩石-熔体反应作用。     

物探在纳木错西部蛇绿岩片带中找镍铁矿的应用

由于本区地处青藏高原,生态环境极为脆弱,地表绝大部分为草坪覆盖,从保护环境的角度出发不易动用地表工程揭露。根据玉古拉蛇绿岩片带、围岩岩性及矿产特点、物性特征等,确定在本区找矿运用科学的物探方法圈定物探异常后,直接运用钻探揭露的方法,既在本区取得了明显的找矿效果,也为纳木错西部蛇绿岩片带圈定新的勘探靶区提供了宝贵的经验,又在青藏高原走出了一条矿产开发与环境保护的新型找矿模式。     

菲律宾迪纳加特岛汇洋镍铬矿区铬铁矿成矿地质特征

菲律宾迪纳加特岛汇洋镍铬矿区发育板块碰撞成因的蛇绿岩,主要岩性为纯橄岩和方辉橄榄岩,与铬铁矿化关系密切,在纯橄岩和方辉橄榄岩的过渡带中铬铁矿化较为集中,铬铁矿多呈薄层块状或浸染状与围岩岩性条带呈"互层状"产出,块状、浸染状的铬铁矿重复出现;矿区内原生铬铁矿化非常普遍,虽然未构成原生铬铁矿体,但为次生红土型铬铁矿的成矿提供了丰富的物质来源。矿区内第四系中赋存有残坡积红土型铬铁砂矿,并与同类型镍矿共生;铁质红土层是最佳的含矿层位,松散状红土层次之;铬铁矿体呈层状、似层状,有3个铬铁砂矿化区,矿体厚度5~7m,铬铁矿品位w(Cr2O3)=2.0%~4.1%。     

甘肃大型变形构造及蛇绿构造混杂岩带特征

大型变形构造带是地球表层重要的构造现象,它们记载了地壳的构造变形（走滑错移、逆冲叠覆和伸展滑移）过程及其动力学机制。本文根据大型变形构造定义及其分类原则,将甘肃省大型变形构造划分为3大类10种类型,初步厘定出大型变形构造带23个,简要叙述了主要大型变形构造规模、产状、构造层次、物质组成、变形期次等基本特征,探讨了大型变形构造与蛇绿构造混杂岩带的关系,从全省北山造山带、祁连造山带、西秦岭造山带和鄂尔多斯盆地“三带一盆”的构造格局出发,探讨大型变形构造形成、演化历史。     

19世纪以来全球蛇绿岩研究综述

蛇绿岩普遍被发现在碰撞型和增生型两种造山带缝合线上,因此经常被用来确定板块边界。自从欧洲地质学家在19世纪早期提出蛇绿岩的概念以来,蛇绿岩的研究经历了几个发展阶段。早期研究认为蛇绿岩是侵入地槽的一套侵入岩;板块构造理论兴起后,蛇绿岩被认为是产生于大洋中脊的洋壳;在1972年的Penrose会议上,科学家们将蛇绿岩定义为一套从基性岩到超基性岩的,可以区分的复式岩体。此后,蛇绿岩的起源(构造背景),侵位机制,特征等研究都取得了很多进展。进入21世纪,出现了一些较好的蛇绿岩形成模式和划分方法。     

藏北羌塘中部果干加年山石炭纪蛇绿岩地球化学特征及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄

在羌塘地区开展1∶5万戈木日区域地质调查的过程中,为研究龙木错—双湖板块缝合带的演化历史,探讨青藏高原羌塘中部地区的构造演化,对果干加年山地区的蛇绿岩进行了详细研究。石炭纪蛇绿岩变质堆晶辉长岩是填图过程中的新发现。全岩地球化学研究结果显示,岩石ΣREE较低,LREE弱富集,轻、重稀土元素分异程度不高;富集Rb、Bb等大离子亲石元素,明显亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等元素,具有典型的SSZ型蛇绿岩特征,表明其形成于俯冲带之上。蛇绿岩中变质堆晶辉长岩的LAICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为354.8Ma±2.4Ma,属于早石炭世。最终研究表明,龙木错—双湖板块缝合带所代表的古大洋至少在早石炭世就已经存在俯冲。石炭纪变质堆晶辉长岩的发现对研究缝合带构造演化历史具有非常重要的意义,也为探讨羌塘地区的大地构造演化提供了基础资料。     

Alteration of Platinum-Group and Base-Metal Mineral Assemblages in Ophiolite Chromitites from the Dobromirtsi Massif,Rhodope Mountains (Bulgaria)

The Dobromirtsi Ultramafic Massif, located in the Rhodope Mountains (SE Bulgaria), is a portion of a Paleozoic sub-oceanic mantle affected by polyphase regional metamorphism. This massif contains several small, podiform chromitite bodies which underwent the same metamorphic evolution as their host peridotites. Like other ophiolite chromitites, those found in Dobromirtsi carry abundant platinum-group minerals (PGM) and base-metal minerals (BMM). The PGM consist mainly of Ru-, Os-, and Ir-based PGM (laurite RuS₂-erlichmanite OsS₂, Os-Ru-Ir alloys, irarsite [IrAsS], Ru-rich pentlandite, and an unknown Ir-sulfide) but minor Rh- and Pd-based PGM (hollingworthite [RhAsS] and a series of unidentified stannides and sulfantimonides) are also present. In contrast, the BMM are dominated by pentlandite (Ni,Fe)₉S₈, followed by heazlewoodite (Ni₃S₂), breithauptite (NiSb), maucherite (Ni₁₁As₈), godlevskite (Ni₇S₆), gersdorffite (NiAsS), millerite (NiS), undetermined minerals containing Ni, As and Sb, orcelite (Ni_5-XAs₂), awaruite (Ni₃Fe) and chalcopyrite (CuFeS₂). The detailed study of the textural relationships, morphology and composition of the PGM and BMM inclusions indicate the existence of two different PGM-BMM assemblages: (i) a primary or magmatic; and (ii) a secondary related with postmagmatic alteration. The PGM and BMM inclusions in unaltered zones of chromite crystals (mainly laurite-erlichmanite and pentlandite) are considered to be primary magmatic minerals formed under variable temperature (1200–1100°C) and sulfur fugacity (between −2 and −0.5 log fS₂). In contrast, PGM and BMM located along altered edges of chromite and serpentinised silicate matrix are considered to be secondary, formed from or re-equilibrated with altering fluids. Secondary PGM and BMM assemblages are considered as result of the combination of reducing and oxidising events related with regional metamorphism. Under low fO₂ states, fS₂ also drops giving place to the formation of S-poor Ni-rich sulfides and secondary Ru-alloys by desulfurisation of primary S-containing minerals. In contrast, predominance of platinum-group elements and/or base-metal arsenides and sulfarsenides associated with the altered edges of chromite (chromite strongly enriched in Fe₂O₃) is related with the fixing of remobilised PGE (mainly Ir, Rh and Pd) and base-metals (mainly Ni and Fe) when late oxidising fluids supplied As as well as Sb and Sn.     

武夷山新元古代蛇绿混杂岩岩石地球化学特征

岩石地球化学研究表明,华南造山带东段武夷山新元古代蛇绿混杂岩中的玄武岩和安山岩可以分为两种类型:一种为拉斑玄武岩类,TiO2含量为2.26%～2.59%(平均2.43%),轻稀土元素比重稀土元素富集,(La)N/(Yb)N=6.4～9.4(平均7.8),相对富集Nb、Ta和Ti,微量元素特征类似于洋岛玄武岩;另一种岩石属于钙碱系列,TiO2含量为0.69%～0.93%(平均0.83%),表现为轻稀土元素富集,(La)N/(Yb)N=4.2～12.6(平均8.4),略显Eu负异常,并以低Nb、Ta、Ti等元素为特征,富集Ba、Rb、Th、K等大离子亲石元素,具有岛弧玄武岩的特征,属于俯冲作用的产物。蛇绿混杂岩中这两类岩石共生,记录了扬子地块和华夏地块之间古大洋消减闭合和弧-弧碰撞拼贴的历史。