降低采矿贫化率与损失率的几个问题

采矿贫化率与损失率的降低是采矿工作者重点研究和攻克的难点之一。必须通过严格合理的采矿顺序,不断加强和提高采矿设计质量,强化施工管理等措施才能使其下降到理想水平。     

Sources of uncertainty in liquefaction triggering procedures

Uncertainties in observed data and in processing field and laboratory tests are major concerns. Assigning reasonable coefficients of variation to the parameters in the conventional analyses indicates that a site with deterministic factors of safety of 1.5 can actually have liquefaction triggering probability above 20%. About a third of the variance comes from uncertainty in the load, which is independent of the resistance. Researchers have traditionally presented the results of case studies in the form of charts showing instances in which liquefaction did and did not occur and have developed relations to separate the two. Although the original researchers developed the separations informally, recent work has applied statistical methods. These give the sampling distributions of the observed data rather than the probability of triggering given the data. Researchers have addressed this issue using Bayesian methods, adopting non-informative priors. Published curves of liquefaction probabilities can be interpreted as likelihood ratios. Other independent work demonstrates that geological, meteorological, and historical data can be used to develop prior probabilities, so it may not be necessary to assume a non-informative prior. The actual prior can then be combined with the likelihood ratios to provide rational probabilities of liquefaction. We recommend that researchers publish their likelihood ratios and allow engineers faced with particular sites to use those to update their own priors.     

水胶比对泡沫混凝土力学性能的影响

以水泥、粉煤灰、矿粉为主要原材料,按照质量比16：3：1分别制得了不同水胶比（0.43、0.5、0.6）不同气泡含量的泡沫混凝土。对试样进行单轴压缩试验,得到了泡沫混凝土的应力-应变曲线和峰值应力,试验研究了不同水胶比的泡沫混凝土其应力-应变曲线变化规律、水胶比对抗压强度和弹性模量的影响。结果表明：不同水胶比的泡沫混凝土其应力-应变曲线变化规律基本一致,均经历密实、弹性、屈服、破坏4个阶段。水胶比对低气泡率泡沫混凝土的抗压强度和弹性模量影响较大,而对于高气泡率泡沫混凝土的抗压强度和弹性模量影响较小,且对于不同水胶比的泡沫混凝土,其抗压强度和弹性模量均与气泡率呈指数关系。     

确定大熊W型双星质量比的一个近似方法

本文给出了一个确定大熊W型双星质量比的近似方法。如果知道大熊W型双星的周期P、主子星表面有效温度T_p和主次食深差△m,可通过该文导出的一个公式算得质量比。对21个大熊W双星进行了计算,结果表明用该方法确定的质量比同分光或测光质量比符合较好。     

华南大陆东部赣闽地区地壳厚度与泊松比研究

通过收集江西省和福建省共58个固定台站记录到的2011-01～2012-12的远震数据,利用接收函数H-κ扫描叠加方法得到台站下方平均地壳厚度和波速比估计,并通过插值得到华南大陆东部赣闽地区整体的地壳厚度变化趋势以及泊松比分布情况。结果表明,研究区地壳厚度约为28～34 km,由内陆向沿海有起伏地逐渐减薄,赣南地区同福建沿海地区地壳厚度较薄,江西东部和福建西北部地壳较厚;泊松比约为0.21～0.28,由内陆向沿海逐渐增加,赣北地区泊松比值最低,低于0.23（波速比低于1.70）,沿海地区泊松比较高,可达0.28（波速比为1.83）。并探讨了造成地壳厚度和泊松比变化的构造因素。     

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Effects of ambient DIN:DIP ratio on the nitrogen uptake of harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum and Prorocentrum donghaiense in turbidistat

The effects of varying nitrogen (N): phosphorus (P) ratios on the growth and N-uptake and assimilation of the harmful dinoflagellates Prorocentrum minimum and Prorocentrum donghaiense were examined in turbidistat culture experiments. Algal cultures were supplied with media containing PO34? in various concentrations to obtain a wide range of N:P ratios. Experiments to determine rates of N uptake and assimilation of different N sources (NO3?, NH4+, urea and glycine by P. minimum and NO3?, NH4+ by P. donghaiense) were conducted using 15N tracer techniques at each N:P ratio. The growth rates suggested nutrient limitation at both high and low N:P ratios relative to the Redfield ratio. On a diel basis, the growth of both species was regulated by the light-dark cycle, which may be a result of regulation of both light- dependent growth and light-independent nutrient uptake. Maximum growth rates of both species always occurred at the beginning of light phase. In P-rich medium (low N:P ratio), both species had higher N assimilation rates, suggesting N limitation. Low assimilation coefficients at high N:P ratios suggested P limitation of N uptake and assimilation. NO3? and NH4+ contributed more than 90% of the total N uptake of P. minimum. Reduced N sources were more quickly assimilated than NO3?. Highest average daily growth rates were recorded near an N:P ratio of 12 for both species. The N uptake rates of cultures at N:P ratios near Redfield ratio were more balanced with growth rates. The linkage between growth rates and N uptake/assimilation rates were conceptually described by the variation of cell N quota. The N:P ratios affect the N uptake and growth of Prorocentrum spp., and may regulate their bloom progression in eutrophic ecosystems.     

Dwarf LSB galaxies and their environment: The Virgo Cluster, the Ursa Major Cluster, isolated galaxies and voids

The widely varying dwarf galaxy counts in different environments provide a strong challenge to standard hierarchical clustering models. The luminosity function is not universal, but seems to be strongly dependent upon environment. In this paper we describe an automated procedure for detecting and measuring very Low Surface Brightness (LSB) features in deep CCD data. We apply this procedure to large area CCD survey fields of the Virgo cluster and find 105 dwarf LSB galaxies previously uncatalogued over an area of ∼14 sq deg. We show that there are many more faint (14≤M_B≤–10) LSB galaxies than would be predicted from extrapolation of the Virgo cluster catalogue luminosity function. Over our limited range of measurement the faint end slope of the luminosity function becomesα=–1.6. Although these galaxies contribute a small fraction of the total stellar light of the cluster, they may contribute significantly to the mass in galaxies if they have large mass-to-light ratios similar to those recently measured for Local Group dwarf galaxies. By a comparison with different environments, the Virgo Cluster seems to be highly `dwarf rich' if considering the dwarf to giant ratio or it's luminosity function faint end slope. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

新疆东天山小热泉子铜锌(硒)矿床硒的赋存状态及硫硒比值研究

小热泉子矿床是中-大型富铜、锌(硒)多金属矿床。文章通过电子探针较系统地分析了该矿床不同矿体中的不同容矿岩石的各种硫化物(241件)的微量元素。测定结果表明,该矿床的硫化物明显富硒,硫化物中w(Se)平均为0.045%,S/Se比值平均为829。经初步计算,该矿床硒资源量为813吨,已达大型规模。首次发现硫化物中方铅矿含硒最高,w(Se)最高可达11%,为硒方铅矿;其他硫化物黄铜矿、闪锌矿、铜蓝、黄铁矿中平均w(Se)分别为0.048%、0.041%、0.034%、0.054%;S/Se平均值分别为717、803、955、976。毒砂含硒最低,w(Se)均小于0.001%。不同矿体、不同容矿岩中硫化物的含硒量也有明显差别。Ⅰ号矿床硫化物的硒含量明显高于Ⅲ号矿床,二者硒平均含量分别为0.076%与0.013%,S/Se平均值分别是495和2802。不同容矿岩中凝灰质碎屑岩、绿泥石岩、石英脉中的硫化物w(Se)平均分别是0.056%、0.047%、0.018%;S/Se平均值分别为635、495、2102。这些数据表明该矿床的硫化物形成于较高温度,具岩浆热液作用的特征;Ⅰ、Ⅲ号矿床具不同的成矿环境及成矿多期性的特点,它对该矿床的成因及硒的赋存状态研究具有重要意义。     

Attenuation in the uppermost inner core from PKP recordings at African seismological stations

The attenuation factor Q_P at the top of the inner core is evaluated by using the amplitude spectral ratio of PKPdf and PKPbc phases observed at African stations (BGCA mostly), from strong deep earthquakes in the Pacific Ocean area. The maximum depth of penetration of the PKPdf phase into the inner core (IC) is roughly 377 km, and the sampled region of IC is centered beneath the Southern Indian Ocean. The derived mean value of Q_P is 249 ± 31 (95% confidence level) in the frequency range 0.2–2 Hz, where no frequency dependence of attenuation has been reliably observed. By using Student’s t-test, we show that the value is statistically significantly different (with a probability greater than 95%) from other mean values of Q derived by using the same method, for both the western (180 °W to 40 °E) and eastern (40 °E to 180 °E) hemispheres of the IC. The decrease of Q with the radius of the turning point (denoted by r^TP), according to Q_P = 840 − 0.62 r^TP, has a moderate statistical support (the R-squared value is 38%). A slightly increase of Q as a function of the angle of the PKPdf path within the inner core with respect to the Earth’s spin axis is observed, in agreement with various investigations performed in the time domain. However, the value of the anisotropy, if any, is suggested to be around 3%.