西天山造山带双变质带变质变形序列分析——以新疆昭苏县察汗乌苏一带为例

西天山造山带中双变质带以新疆昭苏察汗乌苏一带较为典型,根据变质作用的不同,划分出绿片岩相绢云母-绿泥石带、绿片岩相蓝闪石带、角闪岩相黑云母-普通角闪石带、角闪岩相矽线石-铁铝榴石带等变质相带;按其变质作用以及构造变形程度分为上部层次脆性性构造层、中上部层次、深部层次3种构造层次。根据之间的相互叠加关系,确立了造山带内的岩石主要存在着3期以上构造变形特征;在主要的3期构造变形过程中见有相应的变质矿物,并根据生成的矿物组合与变形之间的相互关系,通过变质矿物先后生成关系与岩石的结构、构造建立了变质与变形序列关系,确立了变质与变形非简单一一对应,而是具有渗透叠加和循环往复的特点。     

河南银洞沟造山型银矿床碳硫铅同位素地球化学

河南内乡县银洞沟大型脉状银多金属矿床产于北秦岭造山带朱夏断裂北侧的二郎坪地体内,含矿围岩是二郎坪群火山岩-碎屑岩建造,矿体定位于断裂构造带内,产状受断裂构造控制,矿石组构、矿物组合、围岩蚀变类型和分带等地质特征均与典型造山型金矿一致,应属造山型银矿.矿床硫化物δ~(34)S介于+4.7～+8.1‰,高于有机物和岩浆岩.流体包裹体中CO_2的δ~(13)C介于-0.2～+0.9‰,与海相碳酸盐一致,高于其它所有地质体.矿石硫化(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.2026～18.4462,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.5835～15.7739,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.5478～39.0890,显示铀铅富集,钍铅微弱亏损.这些同位素地球化学特征均指示夹杂沉积硫酸盐的碳酸盐-碎屑岩沉积建造是最为理想的物源,对比研究东秦岭北坡相关地质单元,认为成矿物质和流体主要来自二郎坪群和秦岭群,尤其是雁岭沟组含碳酸盐岩地层对于成矿流体和物质的贡献不可替代.中生代华北与华南板块碰撞造山过程中,秦岭群沿朱夏断裂向北陆内俯冲到二郎坪地体之下,并通过俯冲变质脱水而为银洞沟矿床的形成提供了大量成矿物质和流体.朱夏断裂北侧依次出现银洞沟银矿、许瑶沟金矿、松垛隐伏花岗岩基、栾川斑岩钼矿带,构造-成岩-成矿空间格局与CMF模式(碰撞造山成岩成矿和流体作用模式)完全一致,证明了CMF模式的科学性和普适性和同位素示踪成矿物质和流体来源的有效性.银洞沟矿床的发现和研究结果证实了前人预测的朱夏断裂北侧"桑坪-米坪-许瑶沟铜金铅锌银等多金属矿化带"的客观存在,该带应作为银金多金属矿床勘查的重点区带.     

桂北四堡群火山岩锆石SHRIMP年龄及其地层学意义

四堡群为一套出露于桂北黔东南地区、变形强烈的浅变质、陆源碎屑岩火山岩、系,厚度大于5000 m,其下未见底,上被丹洲群(下江群相当地层)所覆盖。桂北四堡群自下而上划分为九小组、文通组和鱼西组3组。样品A20140731-3采自于文通组,岩性为灰绿色熔结火山岩,首次分选出600余粒岩浆型锆石,完成SHRIMP U-Pb定年测点15个,获得加权平均年龄(860±13)Ma。这表明四堡群主体属于新元古界,进而分析、讨论了江南造山带主要地层对比关系。     

Neo-Proterozoic rift-related syenites (Northern Damara Belt, Namibia): Geochemical and Nd–Sr–Pb–O isotope constraints for mantle sources and petrogenesis

Major element, trace element and Nd–Sr–Pb–O isotope data for a suite of Neo-Proterozic, pre-orogenic, rift-related syenites from the Northern Damara orogen (Namibia) constrain their sources and petrogenesis. New U–Pb ages obtained on euhdreal titanite of inferred magmatic origin constrain the age of intrusion of the Lofdal and Oas syenites to ca. 750 Ma compatible with previous high-precision zircon analyses from the Oas complex. Major rock types from Lofdal and Oas are mildly sodic nepheline-normative and quartz-normative syenites and were primarily generated by fractional crystallization from a mantle-derived alkaline magma. Primitive samples from Lofdal and Oas show depletion of Rb, K and Th relative to Ba and Nb together with variable negative anomalies of P and Ti on a primitive mantle-normalized diagram. Evolved samples from Oas develop significant negative Ba, Sr, P and Ti anomalies and positive U and Th anomalies mainly as a function of crystal fractionation processes. The lack of a pronounced negative Nb anomaly in samples from Lofdal suggests that involvement of a crustal component is negligible. For the nepheline-normative samples from Lofdal, the unradiogenic Sr and radiogenic Nd isotope composition and low δ¹⁸O values suggest derivation of these samples from a moderately depleted lithospheric upper mantle with crustal-like U/Pb ratios (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr: 0.7031–0.7035, ε Nd: ca. + 1, δ¹⁸O: 7‰, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: ca.18.00, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: 15.58–15.60). Primitive samples of the Oas quartz-normative syenites have identical isotope characteristics (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr: 0.7034, ε Nd: ca. + 1, δ¹⁸O: 6.5‰, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: ca.18.00, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb: 15.59) whereas more differentiated samples have higher ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.709–0.714), slightly higher δ¹⁸O values (7.0–7.1‰), less radiogenic ε Nd values (− 1.1 to − 1.4) and more radiogenic ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios up to 18.27. These features together with model calculations using Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes suggest modification of a primary syenite magma by combined AFC processes involving ancient continental crust. In this case, high Nb abundances of the parental syenite liquid prevent the development of significant negative Nb anomalies that may be expected due to interaction with continental crust.     

Taipingite-(Ce), (Ce73+, Ca2)Σ9Mg(SiO4)3[SiO3(OH)]4F3, a new mineral from the Taipingzhen REE deposit,North Qinling Orogen,central China

A new cerite group mineral species, taipingite-(Ce), ideally (Ce₇³⁺, Ca₂)_Σ9Mg(SiO₄)₃[SiO₃(OH)]₄F₃, has been found in the Taipingzhen rare earth element (REE) deposit in the North Qinling Orogen (NQO), Central China. It forms subhedral grains (up to approximately 100 ​μm ​× ​200 ​μm) commonly intergrown with the REE mineral assemblages and is closely associated with allanite-(Ce), gatelite-(Ce), törnebohmite-(Ce), fluocerite-(Ce), fluocerite-(La), fluorite, bastnäsite-(Ce), parisite-(Ce) and calcite. Taipingite-(Ce) is light red to pinkish brown under a binocular microscope and pale brown to colorless in thin section, and it is translucent to transparent with a grayish-white streak and vitreous luster. This mineral is brittle with conchoidal fracture; has a Mohs hardness value of approximately 5½ and exhibits no cleavage twinning or parting. The calculated density is 4.900(5) g/cm³. Optically, taipingite-(Ce) is uniaxial (+), with ω ​= ​1.808(5), ε ​= ​1.812(7), c ​= ​ε, and a ​= ​b ​= ​ω. Furthermore, this mineral is insoluble in HCl, HNO₃ and H₂SO₄. Electron microprobe analysis demonstrated that the sample was relatively pure, yielding the empirical formula (with calculated H₂O): (Ce_4.02La_1.64Nd_1.49Pr_0.41Sm_0.10Gd_0.02Ho_0.02Tm_0.01Lu_0.02Y_0.03Ca_0.66Mg_0.05Th_0.01–0.51)_Σ9(Mg_0.75Fe_0.25³⁺)_Σ1(SiO₄)₃{[SiO₃(OH)]_3.98[PO₃(OH)]_0.02}_Σ4(F_1.81OH_1.17Cl_0.02)_Σ3. Taipingite-(Ce) is trigonal and exhibits space group symmetry R3c with unit cell parameters a ​= ​10.7246(3) Å, c ​= ​37.9528(14) Å, V ​= ​3780.39(20) ų and Z ​= ​6. The strongest eight lines in the X-ray diffraction pattern are [d in Å(I)(hkl)]: 4.518(50)(202), 3.455(95)(122), 3.297(85)(214), 3.098(35)(300), 2.941(100)(02,10), 2.683(65)(220), 1.945(40)(238) and 1.754(40)(30,18). The crystal structure has been refined to a R₁ factor of 0.025, calculated for the 2312 unique observed reflections (Fo ​≥ ​4σ). The mineral is named after its discovery locality and is characterized as the F-dominant analogue of cerite-(Ce).     

秦岭—大别造山带北部中新生代逆冲推覆构造期次及时空迁移规律

秦岭—大别造山带北部中新生代逆冲推覆作用可分出5个期次:印支期(T2-T3)、燕山早期(J2末-J3)、燕山晚期(K1末)、燕山末期(K2末)和喜马拉雅早期(E末)。本区中-新生代逆冲推覆构造具有明显的时空迁移特征,主要体现在同一期次断裂在不同区域内规模和强度明显不同,并具有穿时迁移演化特征;不同期次断裂在规模和强度及其地球动力学机制上也明显不同。印支期逆冲推覆构造具有东强西弱、东断西褶的构造迁移规律;燕山早期具有由东向西由早到晚穿时迁移演化特征;燕山晚期和燕山末期具有东弱西强的构造特征。前4期逆冲推覆构造规模和强度大,而古近纪末期规模和强度相对较小。前3期具有从南向北规模和强度递减的趋势,后2期表现出北强南弱特征。反映出中生代造山作用由早到晚、由东向西、由南向北的时空变化规律。中生代逆冲推覆构造是在扬子、华北两板块由东向西呈剪刀差式穿时碰撞、陆内俯冲断离和山脉隆升与伸展坍塌的地球动力学背景下形成的。古近纪末期逆冲构造形成机制与印度板块向欧亚板块之下俯冲的远程效应有关。     

莫霍面地震反射图像揭露出扬子陆块深俯冲过程

近垂直深地震反射剖面对莫霍面变化的观测 ,强有力地说明大陆莫霍面的复杂特征记录了岩石圈的构造历史。横过大别山造山带前陆的深地震反射剖面长约 1 4 0km ,记录时间达 3 0s ,探测深度超过莫霍面深达岩石圈地幔。深地震反射剖面揭示出扬子陆块与大别山造山带结合部位的岩石圈精细结构、清晰的莫霍面及其变化特征。作为相关解释的第一步 ,我们将探测到的莫霍面变化特征与其他特殊反映不同地质年代和岩石圈构造历史的深地震反射剖面进行对比 ,以追索扬子陆块与大别山造山带的岩石圈构造过程。总体北倾的莫霍面和同样北倾的下地壳结构记录了中生代扬子陆块的向北俯冲。北倾的莫霍面错断、叠置现象描述出扬子陆块的俯冲过程。大别山前向北和向南倾斜的交叉反射图像 ,反映了扬子陆块与大别山造山带岩石圈尺度的碰撞关系     

皖南变质岩区古生物化石的发现和研究进展

皖南岩变岩分布区是古陆还是一个造山带？这一直是国内外地质学家讨论华南大地构造的焦点问题。在综合分析前人的研究及存在的问题后,提出以造山带的观点解体本区地层是未来发展的主要趋势;并以新发现的大量古生物化石为依据,讨论了目前地这个造山带研究取得的进展及需要进一步研究的问题,同时个华南的大地构造问题提供了新的资料。     

辽吉地区古元古代造山作用的大陆动力学过程及其壳内响应

古元古代是地质演化历史中一个重要转折时期,探讨其大陆动力学特征、机制、过程及其壳内响应具有重要的科学意义．本文以辽吉地区古元古代造山带为例,结合同位素年代学资料,综合分析了该区大陆动力学过程的构造、变质、岩浆、沉积等方面壳内响应特征最后,将该区深部大陆动力学过程划分为三大历史阶段：1)造山期前伸展阶段,包括建造伸展期和改造伸展期,深部底侵发生,壳内响应出现基底裂解、盖层顺层滑脱、拉张型垂向递增变质、岩浆呈席状侵位等;2)造山期挤压收缩阶段,俯冲碰撞,岩石田地幢可能出现拆沉,壳内响应出现招皱逆冲、双侧造山、侧向递增变质、碰撞型岩浆作用发生、早期岩浆底辟再就位等;3)造山期后伸展塌陷阶段,大陆岩石田在重力均衡作用下发生微弱伸展塌陷,出现环斑花岗岩侵位,等压冷却为特征的退变质表明没有明显的伸展剥蚀,没有出现明显的山根．     

Detrital zircon geochronology and geochemistry of metasediments from the Vorontsovka terrane: implications for microcontinent tectonics

ABSTRACT

The Vorontsovka terrane (VT) is an important component of the East Sarmatian Orogen (ESO) which divides the Precambrian cores of the Sarmatian and Volgo-Uralia segments of the East European Craton (EEC). The tectonic framework of the VT remains controversial due to poor constraints from geochemical and geochronological studies. In this article we present detrital zircon U–Pb ages and geochemical features of the Precambrian meta-sedimentary rocks from the VT, which occur interlayered with calc-silicate rocks and metabasites. Most of the zircons from metasediments possess oscillatory zoning and high Th/U ratios (>0.2), indicating magmatic provenance. Their ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages cluster around 2093 ± 7, 2126 ± 7, 2158 ± 12, 2189 ± 16, and 2210 ± 31 Ma, correlating with the ages of magmatic zircon cores from the surrounding igneous suites, and reflecting a single tectono-magmatic cycle (~2200–2100 Ma) in the source area. Age of the youngest detrital zircon grain from the metasedimentary rocks and the cores of zircon grains from igneous suites show ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb ages at 2094 and 2106 Ma, respectively. Together with the largest age clusters of 2126 ± 7 and 2158 ± 12 Ma of the magmatic cores of the detrital zircons, the timing of sedimentation is inferred as ~ 2100–2170 Ma.

The metapelites display strong rare earth element fractionation with variable Eu anomalies ((La/Yb)_N = 7.0–14.5, Eu/Eu* = 0.49–1.23). In contrast, the calc-silicate rocks and metabasites lack Eu anomalies ((La/Yb)_N = 5.2–11.5, Eu/Eu* = 0.87–1.00). The large-ion lithophile (LILE) and high field strength element (HFSE) concentrations of most samples are comparable with those of the upper continental crust (UCC). The rocks possess negative anomalies of Th, Nb, Sr, and Zr relative to UCC. Their high Index of Compositional Variability (0.85–1.32, up to 1.8 in metabasites) and relatively low Chemical Index of Alteration (46.1–70.4) indicate that the metapelitic sediments were immature to weakly immature and probably underwent minor chemical weathering. The protoliths of the metabasites are interpreted as interlayered volcano-sedimentary and pyroclastic material. Relict clastic textures of the VT rocks, their geochemical features, and the grain morphology of detrital zircons suggest that the sediments were derived from intermediate and felsic provenances, which were most likely deposited in an environment with active volcanism. We envisage an active continental margin setting in the southwestern part of the Volgo-Uralia segment of the EEC related to the assembly of the Palaeoproterozoic Columbia supercontinent. Combined with recent data from surrounding terranes of the ESO, our results suggest that the VT represents an accretionary prism along a continental arc within the Sarmatia and Volgo-Uralia oceanic realm in the Palaeoproterozoic.