黎城盆地北缘黎城断裂的地球物理特征及活动性分析

黎城断裂是晋获断裂构造带上的重要构造单元,查明其构造特征具有重要意义。在黎城盆地北缘针对黎城断裂进行了地球物理勘探和地质考察,对黎城断裂的活动性进行研究。浅层地震勘探和高密度电法勘探的结果表明,黎城断裂是一条第四系活动断裂,倾角较陡。地质剖面考察的结果表明晋获断裂受黎城断裂的影响明显,南北段存在巨大差异。综合以上研究成果,判断黎城断裂为第四系活动断裂,其对晋获断裂的控制作用明显。     

大型智能控制压扭多轴加载试验机的研制

设计和研制一台大型智能控制压扭多轴加载试验机,形成一个集动静加载、扭剪、常规三轴等功能为一体的多功能土动力试验平台。该试验机具有如下特点:(1)试样尺寸大,高度可达600mm,且可根据试验需求更换大小不同的试样及相应传感器;(2)加载自由度多,可独立施加轴力、扭矩、内压、外压、孔压及相应的位移,实现5个不同物理量的独立控制,从而大大拓宽可施加的应力路径范围;(3)控制智能化,可先将拟进行的应力路径或应变路径写入程序中,试验过程中即可由计算机自动控制。测试结果表明,该试验机的控制精度能够满足土工材料试验的要求。     

软土动力特性动三轴试验研究

许多学者对软土在动力作用下的变形特性进行了大量的研究,并提出了相应的经验公式,但其经验公式参数较多且试验复杂,不易被一般工程技术人员掌握运用。本文采用天津滨海地区软土为研究对象,进行钻探取样、波速测试、室内静力学和动三轴试验,获取该地区软土的静、动力学参数,并利用相对简单的模型对残余应变和软化指数随振次的变化规律采用最小二乘法进行拟合,取得很好的效果。成果表明,利用简单的模型对软土的动力特性进行区域性研究是可行的。该成果可为今后软土动力特性和软土震陷计算方法研究提供参考和基础性资料。     

抗震设计反应谱特征周期研究

搜集整理1933—2015年美国西部地区166个有详细钻孔资料台站场地上的1 237条水平方向强震记录,按照我国建筑抗震设计规范(GB 50011-2010)中反应谱的形状对强震记录的加速度反应谱进行拟合,提取反应谱的特征周期。分析特征周期随场地类别、震级、震中距的变化特征;按特征周期分区统计计算不同场地类别上的特征周期平均值,并与我国现行的建筑抗震设计规范中给定的特征周期值进行对比研究;最后探讨地震动峰值加速度对特征周期的影响。根据研究分析结果提出关于抗震设计反应谱特征周期值的改进建议。     

Assessment of soil factors controlling ephemeral gully erosion on agricultural fields

The soil factor is crucial in controlling and properly modeling the initiation and development of ephemeral gullies (EGs). Usually, EG initiation has been related to various soil properties (i.e. sealing, critical shear stress, moisture, texture, etc.); meanwhile, the total growth of each EG (erosion rate) has been linked with proper soil erodibility. But, despite the studies to determine the influence of soil erodibility on (ephemeral) gully erosion, a universal approach is still lacking. This is due to the complex relationship and interactions between soil properties and the erosive process. A feasible soil characterization of EG erosion prediction on a large scale should be based on simple, quick and inexpensive tests to perform. The objective of this study was to identify and assess the soil properties – easily and quickly to determine – which best reflect soil erodibility on EG erosion. Forty‐nine different physical–chemical soil properties that may participate in establishing soil erodibility were determined on agricultural soils affected by the formation of EGs in Spain and Italy. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory and in the field (in the vicinity of the erosion paths). Because of its importance in controlling EG erosion, five variables related to antecedent moisture prior to the event that generated the gullies and two properties related to landscape topography were obtained for each situation. The most relevant variables were detected using multivariate analysis. The results defined 13 key variables: water content before the initiation of EGs, organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, relative sealing index, two granulometric and organic matter indices, seal permeability, aggregates stability (three index), crust penetration resistance, shear strength and an erodibility index obtained from the Jet Test erosion apparatus. The latter is proposed as a useful technique to evaluate and predict soil loss caused by EG erosion. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of the Characteristics of the D.P.R. Korean Seismic Event on September 23, 2017

A M3. 4 seismic event occurred in the Punggye-ri nuclear test site,D. P. R Korea at 16∶29 p.m. on September 23,2017. We analyzed the waveforms of this event recorded by the China Earthquake Networks Center. In conclusion,this event is complex,including an explosion with a successive earthquake. Although the beginning of the event is an explosion,fault dislocation plays the main role in the event.     

高强度地震下建筑施工场点危险性建模分析

在高强度地震环境下,建筑施工场点易发生危险,传统方法运用AHP算法对建筑施工场点的危险性进行分析,但未考虑抗震约束,存在分析效果差的弊端。因此,提出一种高强度地震下建筑施工场点危险性建模分析方法。首先采用TOPSIS方法得到地震风险评估指标,构建风险评估指标的物元分析模型,基于AHP-熵权法的组合赋权获取地震风险评估指标的综合权重。然后通过贝叶斯网络来推导高强度地震下建筑施工场点危险性参数,运用地震等级的划分标准和推算方法,依据建筑施工场点危险性评估准则和接受原则APLARP,利用物元分析模型中不同危险节点的致因关系和综合权重构建施工场点风险评估模型,完成对高强度地震下建筑施工场点危险性的建模分析。实验结果表明,所设计模型可准确分析高强度地震下建筑施工场点的危险性,能够确保整体施工的安全性,具有重要的应用价值。     

广州市轨道交通二十一号线工程路基抗震性测试研究

传统路基动模量法大都进行单路基抗震性能分析,缺乏复合路基抗震性能分析,存在较高的偏差。对广州市轨道交通二十一号线工程路基抗震性进行测试,分析该地地质条件后,通过标准贯入实验法判断原始路基土质液化情况,使用瑞典条分法测试原始路基的抗震性能,判别出该路基液化土层滑动安全系数低、抗震稳定性差,应对其进行复合路基加固。通过圆弧滑动法对加固后的复合路基中碎石桩桩网结构路基以及CFG桩桩网结构路基进行抗震性测试。实验结果表明,所提方法抗干扰性能强且测试结果精度高。     

筒型桩靴在饱和砂土中的贯入阻力研究

桩靴贯入阻力的准确预测是自升式钻井平台安全作业的前提。通过小比尺模型试验,研究饱和砂土中桩靴贯入速度对筒型桩靴插桩性能的影响,并基于地基承载力理论提出筒型桩靴贯入阻力的计算方法,进而采用CEL有限元方法模拟筒型桩靴的贯入过程,并与试验结果进行比较。研究发现:当模型试验中桩靴贯入速度在0.1～0.3mm/s时,桩靴的贯入可看作是准静态过程,此时贯入阻力变化不大,采用基于地基承载力理论中的Hansen公式和Vesic公式可较为准确地计算出对应某一深度的贯入阻力;CEL有限元方法可有效模拟筒型桩靴的贯入过程,当桩靴的贯入速度为0.1～0.3mm/s时,数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

Response of hybrid isolation system during a shake table experiment of a full‐scale isolated building

A full‐scale 5‐story steel moment frame building was subjected to a series of earthquake excitations using the E‐Defense shake table in August, 2011. For one of the test configurations, the building was seismically isolated by a hybrid system of lead‐rubber bearings and low friction roller bearings known as cross‐linear bearings, and was designed for a very rare 100 000‐year return period earthquake at a Central and Eastern US soil site. The building was subject to 15 trials including sinusoidal input, recorded motions and simulated earthquakes, 2D and 3D input, and a range of intensities including some beyond the design basis level. The experimental program was one of the first system‐level full‐scale validations of seismic isolation and the first known full‐scale experiment of a hybrid isolation system incorporating lead‐rubber and low friction bearings. Stable response of the hybrid isolation system was demonstrated at displacement demands up to 550 mm and shear strain in excess of 200%. Torsional amplifications were within the new factor stipulated by the code provisions. Axial force was observed to transfer from the lead‐rubber bearings to the cross‐linear bearings at large displacements, and the force transfer at large displacements exceeded that predicted by basic calculations. The force transfer occurred primarily because of the flexural rigidity of the base diaphragm and the larger vertical stiffness of the cross‐linear bearings relative to the lead‐rubber bearings.