安徽大别山区温泉的水化学与同位素特征及成因

安徽大别山区位于扬子板块和中朝板块之间的碰撞造山带东部, 南东侧以池-太断裂为界, 北西侧止于金寨深断裂, 向东至庐江东汤池。对大别山区5个温泉, 即太湖县汤泉乡汤湾温泉(AH2)、岳西县温泉镇温泉(AH6)、岳西县菖蒲镇溪沸温泉(AH7)、庐江县东汤池温泉(AH11)和舒城县西汤池温泉(AH12)进行调查和分析。深大断裂和与之平行或斜交的小型断裂控制着大别山区温泉的出露, 地下热储带分布于花岗岩和变质花岗岩中。温泉水温为40~70℃, pH值为7~8.8, 均为中低温、弱碱性温泉。温泉氢氧稳定同位素组成表明, 大别山区温泉的补给水源为大气降水, 并具有轻微的18O漂移现象。利用同位素高程效应公式估算温泉补给区高程为950~1300 m, 补给区平均温度约为8.2℃。地下水在大别山区接受大气降水入渗补给, 经历深循环受到来自深部热源的加热之后, 沿断裂带或破碎带上升, 在山谷、河谷的低处出露形成温泉。估算的热储温度为80~120℃, 热水循环深度为1400~1800 m。结合硅焓方程法和实地调查, 认为AH2和AH7不存在冷热水混合, AH6、AH11和AH12若继续扩大开采, 不排除会发现热水与浅部冷水的混合。     

长江中下游—大别造山带中生代火山岩特征及成因

中国中东部长江中下游地区和大别造山带广泛发生了中生代岩浆作用,火山岩均集中在中间阶段,时代分别为135~127 Ma和133~125 Ma。长江中下游地区多个中生代火山盆地发育高钾钙碱性系列双峰式火山岩和中基性橄榄安粗岩系列火山岩。这些岩石富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,弱富集Sr-Nd-Hf同位素,具有高放射成因Pb同位素组成,指示地幔源区地壳组分的加入。其中,中基性火山岩起源于富集的岩石圈地幔,受到俯冲大洋板片析出的含水熔体交代,晚阶段的超碱质火山岩起源于类似交代介质交代的软流圈地幔,指示岩浆源区的加深。大别造山带中生代火山岩包括高钾钙碱性系列和超钾质系列,均富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,高度富集Sr-Nd-Hf同位素,具有低放射成因Pb同位素组成,与长江中下游地区差异显著。其中,高钾钙碱性系列火山岩起源于交代富集的岩石圈地幔,交代介质为印支期深俯冲的华南陆壳析出熔体,而晚阶段的超钾质火山岩起源更深,是深俯冲的华南陆壳在高压下,多硅白云母分解产生熔体交代的地幔源区。长江中下游地区幔源火山岩记录了俯冲的古太平洋板块的直接物质贡献,而大别造山带地幔源区记录了印支期俯冲陆壳的信息。两个构造单元火山岩早、晚阶段均表现出岩浆源区的加深,长江中下游地区对应了古太平洋板块的低角度俯冲及俯冲板片的回卷(约130 Ma),而大别造山带在古太平洋板块俯冲回卷的动力学机制下,发生造山带的垮塌和岩石圈的拆沉。     

大别山南部蛇纹岩碳硅石研究

在大别山南部亭子岭、古山、虎形等蛇纹岩中发现碳硅石,粒径0.02~0.08mm,少数可达0.1~0.17mm,晶体有一轴晶（+）和二轴晶（+）（2V=37°）,后者较发育,有较明显的二轴晶化。拉幔光谱峰值稳定,主峰788~789cm-1次峰968~972cm-1,弱峰767~784cm-1,个别样品产生较大偏移,主峰776.85cm-1,次峰964.82cm-1,可能为因其他微量元素的加入,结构发生改变所致。能谱分析显示,碳硅石混入较多杂质,其中最明显的O、Fe、Ca、K、Ni、Ti、S、Cl、Na等元素可能对结构产生一定的影响。从而也揭示了早期结晶的温度较高,杂质也较多。此外,碳硅石中见有流体包裹体,成分为CH4、C2H6、C3H8、C6H6、H2O等,产生碳硅石的蛇纹岩为大陆幔源岩石在上侵过程中,高温下差异性应变形成二轴晶化。根据实验资料,SiC形成温度为1600℃以上,压力大于等于6.0Gpa,应为在下地壳上地幔软流圈极端还原条件下产生的。     

基于迁移CNN的江淮持续性强降水环流分型

利用新建的1981—2018年区域持续性强降水个例集、1981—2018年中国逐日降水量及NCEP/NCAR全球再分析资料,运用江淮地区持续性强降水典型模态个例样本及残差神经网络（CNN）,通过迁移学习分步训练建立针对江淮强降水的环流客观分型模型;并运用该模型对1981—2015年全国持续性强降水个例的环流进行客观分型,比较其与相似量（R）分型、余弦相似系数（COS）分型的效果,且对2016—2018年逐日环流进行客观识别与分型。结果表明：迁移CNN在拟合准确率达到100%后,测试集损失函数很快稳定,准确率较高,比R分型、COS分型效果好。在强降水客观分型中,迁移CNN所得各型与典型模态降水之间的相关系数远高于R分型、COS分型,其中不一致型个例分析表明迁移CNN所得各型与典型模态降水间的相关系数明显高于R分型、COS分型。在独立样本分型中,迁移CNN所得各型与典型模态降水的相关系数也均高于R分型、COS分型,且对非持续性强降水环流分型也存在一定的识别能力。     

柯克巴斯套古火山机构及其原始熔岩湖的漂浮产物

柯克巴斯套古火山机构是新发现的一个中心式陆相古火山构造。形成时代为早二叠世末期。喷发产物主要为酸性熔岩,按岩性结构特征及产状的不同,由内向外可分中心火山颈相、熔岩湖相、爆发相、火山脉岩相等四个火山岩相。在原始熔岩湖相中发育大量各种原始熔岩湖漂浮产物,其结构形态独特,在空间上作有规律的展布,较充分地反映了古火山机构的喷发环境和原始熔岩湖存在的自然面貌。     

Modification of the Sm–Nd isotopic system in garnet induced by retrogressive fluids

Garnet, as a major constitutive mineral of eclogite, is important for Sm–Nd dating of eclogite due to its high Sm/Nd ratio and its stability during retrogression. However, a comprehensive study of the petrography, mineral chemistry, garnet water content, and Sm–Nd isotopic composition of eclogites from the Bixiling massif, Central Dabie Zone (CDZ), reveals significant modification of the Sm–Nd isotopic system in garnet as a result of retrogression. This problem constitutes a challenge for Sm–Nd dating of the Bixiling eclogites, with the Sm–Nd isochron ages of 218 ± 4 to 210 ± 9 Ma reported in the literature being younger than 226 ± 3 Ma, which is the generally accepted peak metamorphic age of the CDZ. Petrographic analysis reveals heterogeneity in colour within single fractured garnet grains. There are light‐pink garnet (Grt‐P) and red garnet (Grt‐R) types that possess distinct chemical compositions. Compared to Grt‐P, Grt‐R has higher Fe and andradrite contents but lower Al and grossular contents. Grt‐P also has lower water contents (15–35 ppm) than Grt‐R (34–65 ppm), which, together with the spatial association between Grt‐R and fractures, suggests that the colour change is related to fluid alteration. Grt‐P is an ultra‐high‐pressure (UHP) mineral, and Grt‐R is the product of the interaction between Grt‐P and a fluid during retrogression. Moreover, Grt‐R features lower Sm and Nd contents but higher Sm/Nd ratios than Grt‐P. The Sm–Nd isochrons defined by UHP minerals (Grt‐P+Omp+Rt or Grt‐P+Cpx+WR) from three eclogite samples yield consistent ages of 226.0 ± 3.8 Ma, 225.0 ± 3.9 Ma and 226.2 ± 6.9 Ma, which are identical to the peak metamorphic age of 226 ± 3 Ma for the CDZ. The retrogressed garnet (i.e., Grt‐R), omphacite and rutile, together define a pseudoisochron with younger ages of 218.9 ± 5.9 to 202.8 ± 4.8 Ma, which are geologically meaningless. The increase in the Sm/Nd ratio with constant or lower ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratios during the transformation of Grt‐P to Grt‐R was probably the cause of these younger ages.     

Evidence for UHP anatexis in the Shuanghe UHP paragneiss from inclusions in clinozoisite,garnet, and zircon

The Shuanghe garnet-bearing paragneiss from the Dabie ultra-high–pressure (UHP) orogen occurs as an interlayer within partially retrogressed eclogite. A first UHP metamorphic stage at 680°C, 3.8–4.1 GPa is documented by Zr-in-rutile temperatures coupled with phengite inclusions (Si = 3.55) in clinozoisite and grossular-rich garnet. Relic matrix phengite and phengite inclusions in zircon rims display lower Si of 3.42. Combined with garnet compositions and Ti-in-zircon temperatures, they provide evidence for a second UHP metamorphic stage at 800–850°C, ~3.8 GPa. Such isobaric heating at UHP conditions has not been documented so far from the adjacent eclogites and other rock types in the Dabie orogen and indicates proximity to the hot, convecting mantle wedge. The dominant mineral assemblage consisting of plagioclase, epidote, biotite, and amphibole provides evidence for widespread retrogression during the exhumation of the UHP paragneiss. Several types of polyphase mineral inclusions were identified. Phengite inclusions hosted by clinozoisite are partially replaced by kyanite and K-feldspar, whereas inclusions in host garnet consist of relic phengite, K-feldspar, and garnet, indicating limited sub-solidus dehydration of phengite by the reaction Ph→Kfs+Ky±Grt+fluid. Tightly intergrown K-feldspar and quartz are preserved as inclusions with sharp boundaries and radial cracks in garnet. Analyses of whole inclusions also show small enrichments in light rare earth elements. These inclusions are interpreted to be derived from melting of an inclusion assemblage consisting of Ph+Coe±Czo. A third type of polyphase inclusion consists of typical nanogranite (Ab+Kfs+Qz±Ep) inclusions in recrystallized metamorphic zircon. Ti-in-zircon thermometry and the Si content of phengite included in these zircon domains indicate that melting occurred at 800–850°C and 3.8–4.0 GPa during isobaric heating at UHP conditions. The partial melting event led to an equilibration of trace elements in garnet, phengite, and apatite. Using published partition coefficients between these minerals and hydrous granitic melt, the trace element composition of the UHP anatectic melt can be constrained. The melts are characterized by high LILE contents and pronounced relative enrichments of U over Th and Ta over Nb. The REE are below primitive mantle values, likely due to the presence of residual clinozoisite and garnet during partial melting. So far, no major granitic bodies have been found that share the same trace element pattern as the partial melts from the UHP anatexis of the Shuanghe paragneiss.     

广西大瑶山地区铜金多金属矿床成矿规律研究

以成矿系列理论为指导,在前人大量研究成果的基础上,归纳总结了广西大瑶山地区与浅成-超浅成岩浆岩有关的铜金多金属矿床成矿规律.认为成矿集中分布在晚加里东期和燕山期2个阶段,燕山期是重点成矿期,其中以燕山早期最为重要.以成矿岩体为中心,具有水平方向和垂直方向上的分带性.水平方向上由内向外,由近及远：垂直方向上由深部→浅部,矿床类型表现为由斑岩型→夕卡岩型→断裂-蚀变岩型的特点.矿床（矿化）组合则表现为铜→银（金）→金矿的规律.矿床类型或矿床（矿化）组合均可出现交替叠加或缺失现象.同时指出了今后找矿方向.     

Early Carboniferous volcanic rocks of West Junggar in the western Central Asian Orogenic Belt: implications for a supra-subduction system

The paper presents new U–Pb zircon ages and geochemical data from early Carboniferous volcanic rocks of the Wuerkashier Mountains in the northern West Junggar region, NW China, and of the Char suture–shear zone in East Kazakhstan. The study included analysis of geological setting, major and trace elements, and rock petrogenesis. Both localities host early Carboniferous volcanic units dominated by plagioclase-porphyry andesites and dacites. A West Junggar dacite yielded a ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 331 ± 3 Ma. The Junggar volcanic rocks are tholeiitic, and the Char samples are intermediate between tholeiitic and calc-alkaline. Both the Junggar and Char volcanic units are characterized by LREE enriched rare-earth spectra (La/Sm_n = 1.1–2.4) with Eu negative anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.12–1.0) and Nb-Ta minimums (Nb/Th_pm = 0.15–0.35; Nb/La_pm = 0.3–0.7) on multi-element spectra. The Junggar andesites and dacites have higher REE and HFSE (Ti, Nb, Zr, Y, and Th) compared with the Char rocks, suggesting their derivation from a different mantle source. The melting modelling in the Nb-Yb system showed that the Junggar volcanic rocks formed by low- to medium- (2–5%) degree melting of depleted mantle harzburgite and spinel lherzolite. The Char volcanic rocks formed by high-degree melting (15–20%) of spinel lherzolite and garnet-bearing peridotite. The regional geology of West Junggar and East Kazakhstan and the geochemical features of the rocks under study (i.e. depletion in Nb, Ta, and Ti and enrichment in Th, and combination of LREE enrichment and HFSE depletion) all suggest a subduction-related origin of both Junggar and Char volcanic rocks. The early Carboniferous volcanic rocks of West Junggar possibly formed by subduction of the Junggar-Balkhash ocean beneath an active margin of the Kazakhstan continent, whereas those of East Kazakhstan formed by subduction of the Irtysh-Zaisan Ocean beneath an intra-oceanic arc at the active margin of the Siberian continent.