北大别造山后伸展期中-下地壳流动形式数值模拟研究

造山后伸展过程中,深部地壳的变形形式反映深部岩石圈的构造活动方式,是造山后伸展深部动力学研究的主要内容。本次工作以大别造山带造山后伸展变形构造为研究对象,在详细的构造观察和组构分析基础上,以实际变形组构为约束开展数值模拟,系统地研究伸展变形构造在垂向剖面上岩石变形机制的空间分布,进而揭示大别造山带造山后伸展过程中深部地壳的变形形式。野外观察表明,北大别穹隆边缘区域拉伸线理优选方位显著,而到穹隆中部拉伸线理定向性减弱,再到穹隆核部线理定向性有所增强。运动学上,北大别穹隆内呈现了一致的上盘向NW的剪切指向。以此为约束的数值模拟研究表明,大别造山带造山后伸展期中-下地壳流动方式总体上是介于透入性简单剪切形式与纯剪切形式之间的组合形式;垂直剖面上呈现为由上、下边界向中心简单剪切分量显著降低,中-下地壳流变带中部以纯剪切变形为主。我们用造山带加厚地壳的韧性垮塌和深俯冲的太平洋板块"后撤"来解释其动力学来源。     

Tectonic evolution of the ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) and high-pressure (HP) metamorphic belts from central China

Abstract In the Triassic suture between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons, the Dabie metamorphic Complex in central China includes three tectonic units: the northern Dabie migmatitic terrane, the central ultrahigh-P coesite- and diamond-bearing eclogite belt, and the southern high-P blueschist-eclogite belt. This complex is bounded to the north by a north-dipping normal fault with a Paleozoic accretionary complex and to the south by a north-dipping reverse fault with Yangtze basement plus its foreland fold-and-thrust sequence. Great differences in metamorphic pressure suggests that these units reached different depths during metamorphism and their juxtaposition occurred by wedge extrusion of subducted old continental fragments. These units were subsequently subjected to (i) Barrovian type regional metamorphism and deformation at shallow depths; (ii) intrusion of Cretaceous granitic plutons; and (iii) doming and segmentation into several blocks by normal and strike-slip faults. A new speculative model of tectonic exhumation of UHP rocks is proposed.     

西南天山科桑溶洞新元古代-早奥陶世花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学研究

在新疆西南天山科桑溶洞地区,新厘定出一套斜长角闪岩-花岗岩地质单元:侵入斜长角闪岩中的新元古代白云母花岗岩(片麻状构造)、以及侵入上述古老岩石单元的早奥陶世花岗岩(块状构造)。片麻状白云母花岗岩中锆石具有热液锆石边、岩浆锆石幔和碎屑锆石核(边-幔-核结构),剔除被热液锆石和碎屑锆石混染的SHRIMP测点,获得岩浆锆石幔的加权平均年龄752.3±5.1Ma(MSWD=0.95),代表岩浆的结晶年龄。块状花岗岩的锆石具有边-核结构,热液锆石边的U-Pb年龄(419.5±5.7Ma)明显偏低。剔除热液锆石和碎屑锆石,获得岩浆锆石的平均U-Pb年龄481.1±4.4Ma(MSWD=0.88),代表花岗岩的结晶年龄。早奥陶世早期,岩浆侵入新元古代片麻状白云母花岗岩中。在晚志留世或者更晚时期,两类花岗岩共同经受了变质热液改造,变质流体交代岩浆锆石,导致锆石溶蚀再生长。     

新疆准噶尔—东天山地区产于韧性剪切带中的金矿床成矿流体与碳、硫、铅同位素

韧性剪切带型金矿床是新疆准噶尔-东天山地区重要金矿类型。本文以科克萨依、康古尔、红石金矿为典型矿床,研究它们的流体包裹体均一温度、爆裂温度、包裹体成分、包裹体水的来源等,并进行了硫、铅同位素及近矿围岩碳同位素、矿体石英包裹体中CO2、CH4气体的碳同位素分析。结果表明,硫、铅为深源,暗示了本区金成矿物质的地幔来源。部分碳为有机碳,反映了本区年轻碳质沉积地层中有机碳参与了金的迁移与成矿作用。综合研究表明,在本区特定的后碰撞地质背景下,在构造挤压与伸展作用中形成的韧性剪切带中的金矿床金成矿物质源于深源,成矿流体主要是变质水。岩浆作用、变质作用、碳质围岩地层有机碳参与成矿,变质流体与岩浆热液及天水等流体的不同程度的混合与叠加,形成本区特征的韧性剪切带型金矿床。     

滇西高黎贡山变质带变质深成岩特征及时代

高黎贡山变质岩带中(腾冲大蒿坪地区),原划归古元古代高黎贡山岩群中广泛存在的变质深成岩类,原岩实际为早白垩世(163.5±5.7 Ma)花岗闪长岩和晚白垩世(74.0±2.0Ma)二长花岗岩类,属变质的燕山期深成侵入岩,可划分为扬飞水角闪黑云花岗闪长质片麻岩、芹菜塘花岗片麻岩两个变质地体单元.早白垩世花岗闪长岩形成于造山前期同碰撞火山弧环境;晚白垩世二长花岗岩侵入岩形成于造山前期碰撞造山环境,并沿断裂带强烈侵位.原岩经喜马拉雅早期韧性剪切带动力变质,变质强度达高绿片岩相或低角闪岩相,形成花岗质片麻岩类,喜马拉雅中期叠加脆韧性动力变质作用.     

On Continent-Continent Point-Collision and Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphism

Up to now it is known that almost all ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism of non-impact origin occurred in continent-continent collisional orogenic belt, as has been evidenced by many outcrops in the eastern hemisphere. UHP metamorphic rocks are represented by coesite- and diamond-bearing eclogites and eclogite facies metamorphic rocks formed at 650-800℃ and 2.6-3.5 GPa, and most of the protoliths of UHP rocks are volcanic-sedimentary sequences of continental crust. From these it may be deduced that deep subduction of continental crust may have occurred. However, UHP rocks are exposed on the surface or occur near the surface now, which implies that they have been exhumed from great depths. The mechanism of deep subduction of continental crust and subsequent exhumation has been a hot topic of the research on continental dynamics, but there are divergent views. The focus of the dispute is how deep continental crust is subducted so that UHP rocks can be formed and what mechanism causes it to be subducte     

新疆阿尔泰花岗岩源区混合-结晶分异复合过程的微量元素效应

根据微量元素e1、e2、e3总分配系数的相对大小,源区混合-结晶分异复合过程在它们的比值-比值相关图上造成三种综合效应。新疆阿尔泰花岗岩微量元素的比值-比值相关图清晰地反映了三种效应,暗示着源区混合-结晶分异复合过程。源区混合机制可能为沉积物质在沉积盆地里的掺合。混合端员可能为:1)成熟度差异悬殊的陆源碎屑物质;2)陆源碎屑与基性火山物质。     

Discovery of A-type Granite Zone and Its Geodynamic Significance in the Western Kunlun Mts., China

l. IntroductionGranite distributes widely in western KunlunMts. Many researches have been conducted byscientists (Wang Yuzhen et.al., l987; Zhang Yuquanet.al., l989, Fang Xilian et.al., I990, Jiang Chunfaet.al., 1992; Pan Yusheng, l992, Xu Ronghua et.al.,l 994; Jing Daogui et.al., l996, Zhang Yuquan et.al.,l998). But all of the researches have been donealong Sino-Pakistan road and Xinjiang-Tibet roadt"ith fOcus on isotopic dating of the intrusion andconducted a few on origin and tect…     

Geochronological Study of Caledonian Granulite and High-Pressure Gneiss in the Dabie Mountains

Using the single-zircon evaporation technique and U-Pb method, the authors have conducted an isotope geochonological study of the Huilanshan granulite and Shima garnet-bearing plagioclase gneiss (" country rocks" of the Shima eclogite) in the Dabie Mountains. The study shows that these rocks have peak metamorphic ages of 443-455 Ma, which are essentially consistent with that of the Caledonian high-ultrahigh pressure eclogites. This indicates the existence of the Caledonian collisional orogeny in the Dabie Mountains.     

Accelerated Exhumation During the Cenozoic in the Dabie Mountains: Evidence from Fission-Track Ages

Zircon and apatite fission-track dating indicates that the exhumation of the Dabie Mountains tended to be accelerated in the Cenozoic and that the exhumation of the eastern Dabie Mountains was more and more intense from south to north, which is in accordance with the more and more intense dissection from south to north, as is reflected by the modern geomorphologic features of the Dabie Mountains. The accelerated exhumation during the Cenozoic was related to the high elevation of the Dabie Mountains resulting from Late Cretaceous-Palaeogene detachment faulting and subsequent fault-block uplift and subsidence. The average elevation at that time was at least about 660 m higher than that at the present. The intense exhumation lagged behind intense uplift.